{"id":37788,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-32-vosstanovlenie-parolej-xmodem-tftpdnld-i-aktivatsiya-litsenzij-cisco\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:46","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-32-vosstanovlenie-parolej-xmodem-tftpdnld-i-aktivatsiya-litsenzij-cisco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-32-vosstanovlenie-parolej-xmodem-tftpdnld-i-aktivatsiya-litsenzij-cisco","title":{"rendered":"Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0 T\u0259limi. 32-ci g\u00fcn. \u015eifr\u0259l\u0259rin b\u0259rpas\u0131, XMODEM\/TFTPDNLD v\u0259 Cisco lisenziyalar\u0131n\u0131n aktivl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcn y\u00f6nlendiricilerin ve anahtarlar\u0131n \u015fifrelerinin kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00fcncellemeler, yeniden y\u00fckleme ve IOS'un geri y\u00fcklenmesi ile Cisco'nun IOSv15 i\u015fletim sistemi i\u00e7in lisanslama sistemine dair \u00f6nemli konular\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu, a\u011f cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi ile ilgili \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir konudur. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\n\u015eifre nas\u0131l kurtar\u0131l\u0131r? Bunun neden gerekli oldu\u011funu sorabilirsiniz. Farz edelim ki, bir cihaz\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z ve VTY, konsol, yetkili mod, Telnet ve SSH ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na gerekli t\u00fcm \u015fifreleri koydunuz fakat bu \u015fifreleri unuttunuz. Belki de \u015fifreleri koyan \u015firket \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 i\u015ften ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve kay\u0131tlar\u0131 size aktarmad\u0131 ya da eBay\u2019den bir y\u00f6nlendirici sat\u0131n ald\u0131n\u0131z ve \u00f6nceki sahibi taraf\u0131ndan ayarlanan \u015fifreleri bilmiyorsunuz, bu y\u00fczden cihaza eri\u015femiyorsunuz. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Bu durumlarda \"hack\" teknikleri uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Cihaz\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hackleyip \u015fifreleri yeniden y\u00fcklemek, ancak bu ger\u00e7ek bir hack de\u011fil, e\u011fer cihaz sizindir. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 \u015feye ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z var: Break Sequence (Kesme Dizisi), yap\u0131land\u0131rma kayd\u0131 ve sistemin yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131. <\/p>\n

Anahtar\u0131 kullanarak y\u00f6nlendiricinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kapat\u0131r ve hemen a\u00e7ars\u0131n\u0131z, b\u00f6ylece y\u00f6nlendirici yeniden ba\u015flatmaya ba\u015flar. \"Cisco kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131\" buna \"bouncing\" demektedir. IOS g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fckleme kesme i\u015flemini uygulamak i\u00e7in, cihazla konsol portu \u00fczerinden ba\u011flanmal\u0131 ve Break Sequence'i ba\u015flatmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Break Sequence'i ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan tu\u015f kombinasyonu, kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z terminal em\u00fclat\u00f6r\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, yani Hyperterminal i\u00e7in y\u00fckleme kesintisi bir k\u0131sayol ile, SequreSRT i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir k\u0131sayol ile yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu videonun alt\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 veriyorum. www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/support\/docs\/routers\/10000-series-routers\/12818-61.html<\/a><\/noindex>, burada farkl\u0131 terminal em\u00fclat\u00f6rleri i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 uyumluluklar ve i\u015fletim sistemleri i\u00e7in t\u00fcm tu\u015f kombinasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fckleme kesintisi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00f6nlendirici ROMmon modunda ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. ROMmon, bilgisayar\u0131n BIOS'una benzer; temel hizmet komutlar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmeye olanak tan\u0131yan temel bir i\u015fletim sistemidir. Bu modda yap\u0131land\u0131rma kayd\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir. Bilindi\u011fi gibi, sistem y\u00fcklenirken, yap\u0131land\u0131rma ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder ve yoksa varsay\u0131lan ayarlarla ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Normalde y\u00f6nlendiricinin yap\u0131land\u0131rma kayd\u0131 de\u011feri 0x2102'dir; bu da y\u00fckleme yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu de\u011feri 0x2142 olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirirseniz, Break Sequence s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fckleme yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilerek, sistem kal\u0131c\u0131 bellek NVRAM i\u00e7eri\u011fine dikkat etmeden, varsay\u0131lan yap\u0131land\u0131rma ile y\u00fckleme yapar. <\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, varsay\u0131lan parametrl\u0259rl\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn konfiqurasiya qeydini 0x2142 olaraq d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r, bu da cihaz\u0131n\u0131za \u00abl\u00fctf\u0259n, h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259d\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 konfiqurasiyas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almay\u0131n!\u00bb dem\u0259kdir. Bu konfiqurasiya b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fifr\u0259l\u0259ri ehtiva etdiyind\u0259n, varsay\u0131lan parametrl\u0259rl\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k h\u0259m\u00e7inin imtiyazl\u0131 rejim\u0259 tam giri\u015f \u0259ld\u0259 edirsiniz. Bu rejimd\u0259 siz \u015fifr\u0259l\u0259ri yenid\u0259n qura bil\u0259rsiniz, edil\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri saxlay\u0131b sistemi yenid\u0259n y\u00fckl\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 cihaz\u0131n tam n\u0259zar\u0259tini \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. <\/p>\n

\u0130ndi m\u0259n Packet Tracer-i a\u00e7aca\u011fam v\u0259 siz\u0259 az \u0259vv\u0259l dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015feyi g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m. Siz bir router, \u015fifr\u0259ni yenil\u0259m\u0259li oldu\u011funuz, bir switch v\u0259 bir laptopdan ibar\u0259t olan \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 topologiyas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. B\u00fct\u00fcn video d\u0259rsl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259n Packet Tracer-dak\u0131 cihaz\u0131n ikonas\u0131na klikl\u0259yirdim, CLI konsol tab\u0131na daxil olub cihaz\u0131 konfiqurasiya edirdim. \u0130ndi bunun tam \u0259ksini ed\u0259r\u0259k bunu real cihaz \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n nec\u0259 etdiyimi g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m. <\/p>\n

M\u0259n laptopun RS-232 ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131q portunu konsol kabeli il\u0259 router-in konsol portuna ba\u011flay\u0131ram, proqramda bu kabel mavi r\u0259ngd\u0259dir. Router-in konsol portu il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259 qurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn he\u00e7 bir IP \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 konfiqurasiya etm\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac yoxdur. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nLaptopda Terminal tab\u0131na daxil olub parametrl\u0259ri yoxlay\u0131ram: \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259ti 9600 b\/s, m\u0259lumat bitl\u0259ri \u2013 8, t\u0259nas\u00fcps\u00fczl\u00fck, dayand\u0131rma bitl\u0259ri \u2013 1, ax\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259ti \u2013 yoxdur, sonra is\u0259 OK d\u00fcym\u0259sini bas\u0131ram ki, bu da m\u0259n\u0259 router-in konsoluna giri\u015f verir. H\u0259r iki p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259d\u0259 \u2013 R0 router-in CLI-sind\u0259 v\u0259 Laptop0 ekran\u0131nda olan m\u0259lumat tamamil\u0259 eyni olacaq. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nPacket Tracer bu kimi \u015feyl\u0259r etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir, lakin praktiki olaraq biz router-in CLI konsol p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259sini istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yik, yaln\u0131z komputer terminal\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yik. <\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, bizd\u0259 \u015fifr\u0259si s\u0131f\u0131rlanmal\u0131 olan bir router var. Siz laptopun terminal\u0131na daxil olur, parametrl\u0259ri yoxlay\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z, router-in konfiqurasiya panelin\u0259 daxil olursunuz v\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz ki, giri\u015f parol t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n bloklan\u0131b! Bura nec\u0259 daxil olmal\u0131y\u0131q? <\/p>\n

M\u0259n router-\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k onu fiziki cihaz kimi g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n tab\u0131 a\u00e7araq enerji d\u00fcym\u0259sini klikl\u0259yir\u0259m v\u0259 d\u0259rhal onu yenid\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131ram. Siz g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz ki, terminal p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259sind\u0259 OS img\u0259sinin a\u00e7\u0131lma mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu anda Ctrl+C d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259ri birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sini istifad\u0259 etm\u0259lisiniz, bu Packet Tracer proqram\u0131nda rommon rejimin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259tbiq edilir. \u018fg\u0259r Hyperterminal vasit\u0259sil\u0259 daxil olmusunuzsa, Ctrl+Break d\u00fcym\u0259sini basmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. <\/p>\n

Siz g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz ki, ekranda rommon 1 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan x\u0259tt g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, v\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r sual i\u015far\u0259sini daxil ets\u0259niz, sistem h\u0259min rejimd\u0259 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yiniz bir s\u0131ra komandalar\u0131n t\u00f6vsiy\u0259l\u0259rini ver\u0259c\u0259k. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nBoot parametresi, i\u00e7 y\u00fckleme s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flat\u0131r; confreg ise kay\u0131t ayarlar\u0131 arac\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131r ve bize gereken komuttan bahsediyoruz. Terminal sat\u0131r\u0131na confreg 0x2142 yaz\u0131yorum. Bu, tekrar ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda NVRAM'de saklanan bilgilerin yok say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve y\u00f6nlendiricinin varsay\u0131lan ayarlarla, tamamen yeni bir cihaz gibi ba\u015flat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. E\u011fer confreg 0x2102 komutunu yazsayd\u0131m, y\u00f6nlendirici en son kaydedilen y\u00fckleme ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rd\u0131. <\/p>\n

Daha sonra reset komutu ile sistemi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131yorum. G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi, yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, \u00f6nceki gibi \u015fifre girmemi isteyen bir teklif yerine, sistem bana ayar diyaloguna devam etmek isteyip istemedi\u011fimi soruyor. \u015eu anda elimizde varsay\u0131lan ayarlarla bir y\u00f6nlendirici var; hi\u00e7bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 yok. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nHay\u0131r yaz\u0131yorum, ard\u0131ndan enter tu\u015funa bas\u0131yorum ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 modundan yetkili moda ge\u00e7iyorum. Y\u00fckleme yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek istedi\u011fim i\u00e7in show startup-config komutunu kullan\u0131yorum. NwKing y\u00f6nlendirici ad\u0131n\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131lama banner'\u0131n\u0131 ve konsol \u015fifresini \u00abconsole\u00bb g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsunuz. \u015eu anda bu \u015fifreyi biliyorum ve unutmamak i\u00e7in kopyalayabilirim veya ba\u015fka bir \u015fifreyle de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirim. <\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendiricinin mevcut yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131na y\u00fcklemem gerekiyor. Bunun i\u00e7in copy startup-config running-config komutunu kullan\u0131yorum. Art\u0131k mevcut yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131z \u00f6nceki y\u00f6nlendirici yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 oldu. G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi, komut sat\u0131r\u0131ndaki y\u00f6nlendirici ad\u0131 Router'dan NwKingRouter'a de\u011fi\u015fti. show run komutunu kullanarak cihaz\u0131n mevcut yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz; buradan konsol \u015fifresinin \u00abconsole\u00bb kelimesi oldu\u011funu, enable password'\u0131 kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve bunun do\u011fru oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Kurtarma i\u015fleminin yetkili modu '\u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc' ve yeniden kullan\u0131c\u0131 komut moduna d\u00f6nece\u011finizi unutmay\u0131n. <\/p>\n

Hala kay\u0131t defterinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapabiliriz ve \u015fifre gizli olsayd\u0131, yani enable secret i\u015flevi kullan\u0131lsayd\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u015fifreyi \u00e7\u00f6zemezdiniz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, global yap\u0131land\u0131rma moduna config t komutuyla d\u00f6nebilir ve yeni bir \u015fifre belirleyebilirsiniz. Bunun i\u00e7in enable secret enable komutunu yaz\u0131yorum veya \u015fifre olarak herhangi ba\u015fka bir kelime kullanabilirim. Show run komutunu yazarsan\u0131z, enable secret i\u015flevinin etkin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6receksiniz; art\u0131k \u015fifre \u00abenable\u00bb kelimesi gibi de\u011fil, \u015fifrelenmi\u015f karakterlerden olu\u015fan bir dizi gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ve g\u00fcvenlikle ilgili endi\u015felenmenize gerek yok \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yeni bir \u015fifreyi kendiniz belirlediniz ve \u015fifrelediniz. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nRouterin \u015fifr\u0259sini nec\u0259 b\u0259rpa ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yimizi burada g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. Diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259li oldu\u011funuz bir m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 var: \"versiyan\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259r\" (show version) \u0259mrini daxil etdikd\u0259, konfiqurasiya registrinin d\u0259y\u0259rinin 0x2142 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. Bu, o dem\u0259kdir ki, m\u0259n ax\u0131n konfiqurasiyas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259k (copy running to startup) \u0259mrini istifad\u0259 ets\u0259m d\u0259 v\u0259 routerin yenid\u0259n ba\u015flad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min ets\u0259m d\u0259, sistem yenid\u0259n standart parametrl\u0259ri y\u00fckl\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k, y\u0259ni router fabriki parametrl\u0259rin\u0259 qay\u0131dacaq. Bizim buna ehtiyac\u0131m\u0131z yoxdur, \u00e7\u00fcnki \u015fifr\u0259ni yenid\u0259n qura\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f\u0131q, cihaz\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259tini \u0259ld\u0259 etmi\u015fik v\u0259 onu i\u015f rejimind\u0259 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirik. <\/p>\n

Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 routerin qlobal konfiqurasiya rejimin\u0259 daxil olmal\u0131y\u0131q (Router(config)#) v\u0259 config-register 0x2102 \u0259mrini daxil etm\u0259liyik v\u0259 yaln\u0131z bundan sonra cari konfiqurasiyan\u0131 y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 (copy run start) istifad\u0259 etm\u0259liyik. Cari parametrl\u0259ri y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 konfiqurasiyas\u0131na yazma (write) \u0259mrini istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k d\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130ndi show version yazsaq, konfiqurasiya registrar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259ri 0x2102 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259ksiniz, sistem is\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin routerin n\u00f6vb\u0259ti yenid\u0259n ba\u015flamas\u0131nda q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 min\u0259c\u0259yini bildirir. <\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 reload \u0259mri il\u0259 yenid\u0259n ba\u015flad\u0131r\u0131q, sistem yenid\u0259n ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 indi b\u00fct\u00fcn konfiqurasiya fayllar\u0131na, b\u00fct\u00fcn parametrl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fifr\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131na sahibik. Router \u015fifr\u0259l\u0259rinin b\u0259rpas\u0131 bu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. <\/p>\n

\u0130ndi bu prosesi bir svit\u00e7 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn nec\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259c\u0259yimizi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259k. Routerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0259sm\u0259k v\u0259 yenid\u0259n a\u00e7maq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fcym\u0259si var, lakin Cisco svit\u00e7ind\u0259 bel\u0259 bir d\u00fcym\u0259 yoxdur. Biz konsol kabeli il\u0259 konsol portuna qo\u015fulmal\u0131y\u0131q, sonra svit\u00e7in arxas\u0131ndak\u0131 g\u00fcc kabelini ay\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131q, 10-15 saniy\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259k, onu yenid\u0259n taxmaq v\u0259 d\u0259rhal MODE d\u00fcym\u0259sini 3 saniy\u0259 bas\u0131b saxlamaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bu avtomatik olaraq svit\u00e7i ROMmon rejimin\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259c\u0259k. Bu rejimd\u0259 siz \u0444\u043b\u044d\u0448d\u0259ki fayl sistemini ba\u015flatmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z v\u0259 config.text fayl\u0131n\u0131, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, config.text.old olaraq adland\u0131rmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. \u018fg\u0259r onu sad\u0259c\u0259 sils\u0259niz, svit\u00e7 yaln\u0131z \u015fifr\u0259l\u0259ri unutmayacaq, h\u0259m d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259vv\u0259lki parametrl\u0259ri unudacaq. Bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259n sonra sistemi yenid\u0259n ba\u015flamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nB\u0259s svit\u00e7d\u0259 bu ba\u015f verir? Yenid\u0259n ba\u015flad\u0131lma zaman\u0131 o, config.text konfiqurasiya fayl\u0131na m\u00fcraci\u0259t edir. \u018fg\u0259r bu fayl\u0131 cihaz\u0131n fla\u015f yadda\u015f\u0131nda tapa bilm\u0259s\u0259, o zaman IOS-u standart parametrl\u0259rl\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259yir. Burada f\u0259rq budur: routerd\u0259 registr d\u0259y\u0259rini d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259lisiniz, lakin svit\u00e7d\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 konfiqurasiya fayl\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k kifay\u0259tdir. Bu prosesin Packet Tracer proqram\u0131nda nec\u0259 ba\u015f verdiyini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259k. Bu d\u0259f\u0259 m\u0259n laptopu konsol kabeli il\u0259 svit\u00e7in konsol portuna qo\u015fmu\u015fam. <\/p>\n

Biz CLI konsolunu istifad\u0259 etmirik, \u0259ksin\u0259, \u00e7evr\u0259nin t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 yaln\u0131z laptop vasit\u0259sil\u0259 daxil olma\u011f\u0131 simulyasiya edirik. M\u0259n laptopun terminal t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rini istifad\u0259 edir\u0259m, eynil\u0259 router v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, v\u0259 \"Daxil et\" d\u00fcym\u0259sini basaraq, switch-in konsol portuna qo\u015fuluram. <\/p>\n

Packet Tracer-d\u0259 g\u00fcc kabelini s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcb yand\u0131rmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil, fiziki cihazda oldu\u011fu kimi. Konsol \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn parolum olsayd\u0131, switch-i yenid\u0259n ba\u015flada bil\u0259rdim, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 enable password enable \u0259mri il\u0259 yerli giri\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn parolu t\u0259yin edir\u0259m. <\/p>\n

\u0130ndi parametrl\u0259r\u0259 daxil olsam, sistemin bilm\u0259diyim bir parol t\u0259l\u0259b etdiyini g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m. Dem\u0259li, sistemi yenid\u0259n ba\u015fladmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz ki, sistem istifad\u0259\u00e7i modunda olan cihazdan g\u0259l\u0259n reload \u0259mrini q\u0259bul etmir, bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n m\u0259n imtiyazl\u0131 rejimd\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259liy\u0259m. Dediyim kimi, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b h\u0259yatda swit\u00e7i bir ne\u00e7\u0259 saniy\u0259lik enerji kabelini \u00e7\u0131xararaq yenid\u0259n ba\u015flada bil\u0259rdim, lakin proqramda bunu etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, m\u0259n parolu silm\u0259li v\u0259 buradan birba\u015fa yenid\u0259n ba\u015flamal\u0131yam. Niy\u0259 bunu etdiyimi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz, d\u00fczd\u00fcr? <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nBel\u0259likl\u0259, m\u0259n CLI tab\u0131ndan \"Fiziki cihaz\" tab\u0131na ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k, cihaz yenid\u0259n ba\u015flad\u0131landa MODE d\u00fcym\u0259sini 3 saniy\u0259lik m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bas\u0131l\u0131 tuturam v\u0259 ROMmon rejimin\u0259 daxil oluram. G\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz ki, switch-in CLI p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259sind\u0259ki m\u0259lumatlar, laptop ekran\u0131nda da eynid\u0131r. M\u0259n laptopa ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k, switch-in ROMmon rejimi g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259sind\u0259 flash_init \u0259mrini daxil edir\u0259m. Bu komanda fla\u015fda fayl sistemini ilkinl\u0259\u015fdirir, sonra dir_flash \u0259mrini daxil ed\u0259r\u0259k fla\u015f yadda\u015f\u0131n t\u0259rkibini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irir\u0259m. <\/p>\n

Burada iki fayl var - IOS \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi fayl\u0131 .bin uzant\u0131s\u0131yla v\u0259 config.text fayl\u0131, bunlar\u0131 adland\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131q. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn rename flash:config.text flash:config.old \u0259mri istifad\u0259 edir\u0259m. \u0130ndi dir_flash \u0259mrini istifad\u0259 etdikd\u0259, config.text fayl\u0131n\u0131n config.old olaraq adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rik. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\n\u0130ndi reset komutunu girir\u0259m, switch yenid\u0259n ba\u015flad\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 sistem y\u00fckl\u0259ndikd\u0259n sonra standart ayarlara qay\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, terminalda cihaz\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n NwKingSwitch-d\u0259n sad\u0259c\u0259 Switch-\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. Real cihazda rename komutu var, amma Packet Tracer-da ondan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 show running conf istifad\u0259 edir\u0259m, g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcz kimi, switch b\u00fct\u00fcn standart ayarlar\u0131 istifad\u0259 edir v\u0259 more flash:config.old komutunu girir\u0259m. Hakerlik burada bel\u0259dir: siz sad\u0259c\u0259 ekranda g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n cihaz\u0131n cari konfiqurasiyas\u0131n\u0131 kopyalamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z, qlobal konfiqurasiya rejimin\u0259 ke\u00e7in v\u0259 kopyalanm\u0131\u015f m\u0259lumat\u0131 yap\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131n. \u0130dealda biz b\u00fct\u00fcn ayarlar\u0131 kopyalay\u0131r\u0131q, v\u0259 siz g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz ki, cihaz\u0131n ad\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fir v\u0259 switch adi i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 rejimin\u0259 ke\u00e7ir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ndi cari konfiqurasiyan\u0131 y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 konfiqurasiyas\u0131na kopyalamaq, y\u0259ni yeni config.text fayl\u0131 yaratmaq qal\u0131r. \u018fn sad\u0259 \u00fcsul, k\u00f6hn\u0259 fayl\u0131 yenid\u0259n config.text-\u0259 ad\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259kdir, y\u0259ni config.old-un m\u0259zmununu cari konfiqurasiyaya kopyalamaq v\u0259 sonra onu config.text kimi saxlamaqd\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, switch-in parolunu b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k prosesi tamamlan\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u0130ndi Cisco IOS \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteminin ehtiyat n\u00fcsx\u0259sini \u00e7\u0131xarmaq v\u0259 b\u0259rpa etm\u0259yi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259c\u0259yik. Ehtiyat n\u00fcsx\u0259si IOS \u015f\u0259kilini TFTP serverin\u0259 kopyalamaq dem\u0259kdir. Daha sonra bu fayl\u0131n sistem obraz\u0131n\u0131 bu serverd\u0259n qur\u011funuza nec\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259yini izah ed\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc m\u00f6vzu ROMmon rejimind\u0259 sistemi b\u0259rpa etm\u0259kdir. Bu, h\u0259mkar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259n IOS-u silm\u0259si v\u0259 sistemin y\u00fckl\u0259nm\u0259m\u0259si v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259 laz\u0131m ola bil\u0259r. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nBiz ROMmod rejimind\u0259 TFTP-serverd\u0259n sistem fayl\u0131n\u0131 nec\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yimizi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259c\u0259yik. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iki \u00fcsul var, onlardan biri xmodem-dir. Packet Tracer xmodem-i d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259mir, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onun n\u0259 oldu\u011funu q\u0131sa izah ed\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m, sonra is\u0259 Packet Tracer vasit\u0259sil\u0259 ikinci \u00fcsulu \u2013 sistemi TFTP vasit\u0259sil\u0259 b\u0259rpa etm\u0259ni g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m. <\/p>\n

\u015eemada Router0 cihaz\u0131 t\u0259svir olunub, ona 10.1.1.1 IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 verilib. Bu router 10.1.1.10 IP \u00fcnvan\u0131na malik serverl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259lidir. Router\u0259 \u00fcnvan verm\u0259yi unudmu\u015fam, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 indi bunu tez bir zamanda ed\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m. Routerimiz laptopa qo\u015fulmay\u0131b, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 proqram CLI konsolunu istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 icaz\u0259 vermir v\u0259 bunu d\u00fcz\u0259ltm\u0259liy\u0259m. <\/p>\n

Laptopu router il\u0259 konsol kabeli vasit\u0259sil\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirir\u0259m, sistem konsol parolunu soru\u015fur v\u0259 m\u0259n 'console' s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc istifad\u0259 edir\u0259m. Qlobal konfiqurasiya rejimind\u0259, f0\/0 interfeysin\u0259 laz\u0131m olan IP \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 255.255.255.0 subnet maskas\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259r\u0259k no shutdown komutunu \u0259lav\u0259 edir\u0259m. <\/p>\n

Daha sonra show flash komutunu yaz\u0131ram v\u0259 yadda\u015fda 3 fayl\u0131n yerl\u0259\u015fdiyini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u0259m. 3 n\u00f6mr\u0259li fayl \u0259n \u00f6n\u0259mlisidir, bu, routerin IOS fayl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ndi TFTP-serveri qurmal\u0131y\u0131q, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 Server0 cihaz\u0131n\u0131n ikonkas\u0131na klikl\u0259yir v\u0259 X\u0130DM\u018fTL\u018fR sekmesini a\u00e7\u0131ram. G\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck ki, TFTP-server aktivdir v\u0259 Cisco-nun bir \u00e7ox \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteminin fayllar\u0131 saxlan\u0131l\u0131r, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n 1841 routerimiz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn IOS - bu, siyah\u0131dak\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc fayld\u0131r. Onu serverd\u0259n silm\u0259liy\u0259m, \u00e7\u00fcnki Router0-\u0131m\u0131zdan burada ba\u015fqa bir IOS fayl\u0131 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn fayl\u0131 se\u00e7ir v\u0259 Remove file d\u00fcym\u0259sini bas\u0131ram, daha sonra is\u0259 notebookun konsoluna ke\u00e7ir\u0259m. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nRouterin konsolunda copy flash tftp <m\u0259nb\u0259 fayl\u0131n ad\u0131> <m\u0259qs\u0259d hostun \u00fcnvan\u0131\/ad\u0131> komandas\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131ram, daha sonra \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteminin fayl ad\u0131n\u0131 kopyalay\u0131r v\u0259 yap\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ram. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nSonra komandada bu fayl\u0131n k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259yi uzaq hostun \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 ya ad\u0131n\u0131 qeyd etm\u0259liyik. Routerin y\u00fck konfiqurasiyas\u0131n\u0131 saxlayark\u0259n oldu\u011fu kimi, burada da diqq\u0259tli olmal\u0131y\u0131q. \u018fg\u0259r s\u0259hv\u0259n haz\u0131rk\u0131 konfiqurasiyan\u0131 y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 konfiqurasiyas\u0131na k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrs\u0259niz, \u0259ksin\u0259, y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 konfiqurasiyas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rk\u0131 konfiqurasiyaya k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrs\u0259niz, cihaz\u0131 yenid\u0259n ba\u015flad\u0131qda etdiyiniz b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri itir\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. Eynil\u0259, burada da m\u0259nb\u0259 il\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259di qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131rmaq olmaz. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 server\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259k fayl\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259ririk, daha sonra is\u0259 h\u0259min serverin IP \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 10.1.1.10 qeyd edirik. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nFayl\u0131n k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz v\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r TFTP fayllar\u0131 siyah\u0131s\u0131na baxsan\u0131z, burada uzaq fayldan yeni bir IOS fayl\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. IOS-un server\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si bel\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. <\/p>\n

\u0130ndi notebook ekran\u0131nda routerin t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259sin\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131r\u0131q v\u0259 copy tftp flash komandas\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131r\u0131q, uzaq hostun \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 10.1.1.10 v\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259 fayl\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 Source filename, y\u0259ni routerin flash\u0131na k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259k IOS ad\u0131 olan c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin-i g\u00f6st\u0259ririk. Daha sonra t\u0259yinat fayl\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 Destination filename olaraq q\u0131sa olaraq eyni adla t\u0259qdim edirik. Sonra Enter d\u00fcym\u0259sini bas\u0131ram v\u0259 yeni IOS routerin flash yadda\u015f\u0131na k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130ndi g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcz kimi, \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemimizin iki fayl\u0131 var: yenisi 3 n\u00f6mr\u0259 alt\u0131nda, \u0259vv\u0259lki orijinal is\u0259 4 n\u00f6mr\u0259 alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nIOS-un g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015find\u0259 bizim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn versiyan\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti var - 3 n\u00f6mr\u0259li ilk faylda bu 124, 4 n\u00f6mr\u0259li ikincid\u0259 is\u0259 123, y\u0259ni daha k\u00f6hn\u0259 versiyad\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin advipservicesk9, bu versiyan\u0131n ipbase-d\u0259n daha funksional oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir, \u00e7\u00fcnki MPLS v\u0259 s. kimi xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri istifad\u0259y\u0259 icaz\u0259 verir. <\/p>\n

Ba\u015fqa bir senari odur ki, siz fl\u0259\u015fi s\u0259hv\u0259n silmisiniz - delete flash komandas\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131ram v\u0259 silinm\u0259si laz\u0131m olan IOS fayl\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir\u0259m. <\/p>\n

Ancaq \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 dem\u0259k ist\u0259yir\u0259m ki, haz\u0131rda y\u00fckl\u0259nm\u0259 zaman\u0131 sistemin 3 n\u00f6mr\u0259li fayl\u0131 istifad\u0259 olunacaq, y\u0259ni \u04411841- advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin. T\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr ed\u0259k ki, n\u0259d\u0259ns\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259nm\u0259si zaman\u0131 4 n\u00f6mr\u0259li fayl\u0131n istifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259yir\u0259m \u2014 \u04411841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qlobal konfiqurasiya rejimin\u0259 daxil olub boot system flash: \u04411841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin \u0259mrini yaz\u0131ram.<\/p>\n

\u0130ndi n\u00f6vb\u0259ti y\u00fckl\u0259nm\u0259 zaman\u0131 bu fayl standart OS kimi istifad\u0259 edil\u0259c\u0259k, h\u0259tta \u0259g\u0259r bizim flash-da iki \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi saxlan\u0131l\u0131rsa. <\/p>\n

\u0130ndi \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemini silm\u0259y\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131r\u0131q v\u0259 delete flash: \u04411841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin \u0259mrini yaz\u0131r\u0131q. Bundan sonra ikinci OS-i silm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn delete flash: \u04411841- advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin \u0259mrini yazaca\u011f\u0131q, bel\u0259likl\u0259, router h\u0259r iki \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemind\u0259n m\u0259hrum olacaq.<\/p>\n

\u0130ndi show flash \u0259mrini yazanda g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259yik ki, art\u0131q bizd\u0259 he\u00e7 bir \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi yoxdur. B\u0259s m\u0259n yenid\u0259n y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 \u0259mrini vers\u0259m, n\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259c\u0259k? Y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 \u0259mri daxil edildikd\u0259, cihaz d\u0259rhal ROMmon rejimin\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259c\u0259k. Dediyim kimi, y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 zaman\u0131 cihaz OS fayl\u0131n\u0131 axtar\u0131r v\u0259 onun olmamas\u0131nda \u0259sas OS olan rommon rejimin\u0259 ke\u00e7ir. <\/p>\n

Packet Tracer proqram\u0131nda xmodem komandalar\u0131 yoxdur ki, bunlardan real fiziki cihazda istifad\u0259 oluna bilsin. Orada siz xmodem-i daxil edir v\u0259 OS y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 laz\u0131m olan se\u00e7iml\u0259ri \u0259lav\u0259 edirsiniz. \u018fg\u0259r siz SecureCRT terminal\u0131n\u0131 istifad\u0259 edirsinizs\u0259, fayla klikl\u0259yir, k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259 icras\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ir v\u0259 xmodem-i se\u00e7irsiniz. T\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr ed\u0259k ki, bu fayl sizin noutbukunuzda yerl\u0259\u015fir, o zaman xmodem yaz\u0131b bu fayl\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir v\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rirsiniz. Lakin xmodem \u00e7ox yava\u015f bir \u015feydir v\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259 prosesi fayl\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq 1-2 saat ola bil\u0259r. <\/p>\n

TFTP serveri is\u0259 \u00e7ox daha s\u00fcr\u0259tlidir. Dediyim kimi, Packet Tracer-da xmodem komandalar\u0131 yoxdur, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 tftp \u0259mrini tftpdnld yazaca\u011f\u0131q, sonra sistem OS g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc TFTP serveri vasit\u0259sil\u0259 b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015f ver\u0259c\u0259k. G\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz, OS fayl\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fl\u0259rin oldu\u011fu m\u00fcxt\u0259lif parametrl\u0259r var. Bu parametrl\u0259r niy\u0259 laz\u0131md\u0131r? Onlar\u0131 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259lisiniz, \u00e7\u00fcnki rommon rejimind\u0259 bu router tam funksiyal\u0131 IOS-a malik deyil. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 IP_ADDRESS=10.1.1.1 parametrini istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k routerimizin IP \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 \u0259l il\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259liyik, sonra IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0 subnet maskas\u0131n\u0131, DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.1.1.10 standart qap\u0131n\u0131, TFTP_SERVER=10.1.1.10 serverini v\u0259 TFTP_FILE= \u04411841- advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin fayl\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259liyik.<\/p>\n

Bunu etdikd\u0259n sonra tftpdnld \u0259mrini i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131ram v\u0259 sistem bu \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 t\u0259sdiql\u0259m\u0259yi xahi\u015f edir, \u00e7\u00fcnki flash-da olan b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259lumatlar it\u0259c\u0259k. \u018fg\u0259r \u00abB\u0259li\u00bb cavab\u0131n\u0131 vers\u0259m, g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259ksiniz ki, router-server ba\u011flant\u0131 portlar\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259ngi ya\u015f\u0131la d\u00f6n\u0259c\u0259k, y\u0259ni \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteminin serverd\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si prosesi ba\u015flay\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nFayl y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 tamamland\u0131qdan sonra, boot \u0259mrin\u0259 istifad\u0259 edir\u0259m v\u0259 bununla sistem \u015fablonunun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Siz g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz ki, bundan sonra router istifad\u0259y\u0259 yararl\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7ir, \u00e7\u00fcnki cihaz \u0259mr sistemini b\u0259rpa edir. Bu c\u00fcr cihaz\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259k v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 qay\u0131tmas\u0131 ba\u015f verir, onun \u0259mrl\u0259ri itirilmi\u015fdir.
\n\u0130ndi Cisco IOS-un lisenziyaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda bir az dan\u0131\u015faq. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\n15-ci versiyadan \u0259vv\u0259l daha \u0259vv\u0259lki lisenziya versiyalar\u0131, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 12 var idi, ondan sonra d\u0259rhal 15-ci versiya burax\u0131ld\u0131, 13 v\u0259 14 n\u00f6mr\u0259l\u0259rinin haraya getdiyin\u0259 sual etm\u0259yin. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, siz Cisco cihaz\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, IP Base lisenziyas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259sas funksionall\u0131q 1000 $ civar\u0131nda olard\u0131. Bu, qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0259mrl\u0259rin \u0259sas konfiqurasiyas\u0131 olan \"hardware\"-nin minimal qiym\u0259tidir. <\/p>\n

T\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edin ki, dostunuz onun cihaz\u0131nda geni\u015f funksional imkanlar olan Advance IP Services ist\u0259yirdi, o zaman qiym\u0259t, dey\u0259k ki, 10 min dollar olard\u0131. M\u0259n t\u0259sad\u00fcfi r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r t\u0259qdim edir\u0259m, yaln\u0131z siz prinsipini ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u0259siniz. H\u0259r ikinizd\u0259 eyni hardware var, yegan\u0259 f\u0259rq qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f SO-dur. Siz dostunuzdan onun SO-nun bir n\u00fcsx\u0259sini ist\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259 v\u0259 onu \u00f6z \"hardware\"-nizd\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131rmaqla 9 min dollar q\u0259na\u0259t etm\u0259kd\u0259 mane\u0259yar olmurdunuz. H\u0259tta bel\u0259 bir dostunuz olmasa, m\u00fcasir internetin inki\u015faf\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 pirat n\u00fcsx\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259yib qura\u015fd\u0131ra bil\u0259rsiniz. Bu qanunsuzdur, v\u0259 m\u0259n siz\u0259 bunu etm\u0259yi t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 etmir\u0259m, amma insanlar bunu tez-tez edirl\u0259r. M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 Cisco bel\u0259 manipulyasiyalar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alacaq bir mexanizm yaratma\u011fa q\u0259rar verib v\u0259 lisenziyala\u015fd\u0131rman\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259n IOS 15 versiyas\u0131n\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirib.
\nKe\u00e7mi\u015f IOS versiyalar\u0131nda, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 12.4, sistemin ad\u0131 onun funksional imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi, bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n cihaz\u0131n parametrl\u0259rin\u0259 girdi\u011finizd\u0259, onlar\u0131 \u0259mrl\u0259rin ad\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259 bilirdiniz. \u018fslind\u0259, eyni versiyan\u0131n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u0259mrl\u0259ri var idi, Windows Home, Windows Professional, Windows Enterprise v\u0259 s. kimi. <\/p>\n

15-ci versiyada yaln\u0131z bir universal \u0259mrl\u0259r sistemi var - Cisco IOSv15, hans\u0131 ki, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 lisenziyalama s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 malikdir. Sistem modeli b\u00fct\u00fcn funksiyalar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 saxlay\u0131r, lakin onlar bloklanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 paketl\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130ndiki vaxtda IP Base paketi aktivdir, \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fcdd\u0259ti var v\u0259 Cisco istehsal\u0131 olan cihaz\u0131 alan h\u0259r k\u0259s\u0259 t\u0259qdim olunur. Dig\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7 paket, Data, Unified Communication v\u0259 Security, yaln\u0131z lisenziya il\u0259 aktivl\u0259\u015fdirilir. Data paketin\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa, \u015firk\u0259tin veb sayt\u0131na daxil olaraq, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fi \u00f6d\u0259yib, Cisco lisenziya fayl\u0131n\u0131 sizin elektron po\u00e7tunuza g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259c\u0259k. Siz bu fayl\u0131 TFTP v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r bir \u00fcsul il\u0259 cihaz\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n flash yadda\u015f\u0131na k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz, bundan sonra Data paketinin b\u00fct\u00fcn funksiyalar\u0131 avtomatik olaraq istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilir. \u018fg\u0259r siz t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha inki\u015faf etmi\u015f funksiyalara, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u015fifr\u0259l\u0259m\u0259, IPSec, VPN, firewall v\u0259 s. ehtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa, Security paketi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn lisenziya al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.
\n\u0130ndi Packet Tracer il\u0259 bunu nec\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m. Routerin CLI konfiqurasiyas\u0131 sekmesine daxil oluram v\u0259 show version \u0259mrini daxil edir\u0259m. G\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz ki, bizd\u0259 15.1 versiyal\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, bu, b\u00fct\u00fcn funksional imkanlar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n universal bir \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemidir. P\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259ni a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcrs\u0259niz, lisenziya haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. <\/p>\n

\"Cisco
\n
\nBurada g\u00f6st\u0259rilir ki, ipbase paketi daim f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir v\u0259 cihaz\u0131n h\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00f6vcuddur, lakin security v\u0259 data paketl\u0259ri haz\u0131rda m\u00fcvafiq lisenziyalara sahib olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan m\u00f6vcud deyil. <\/p>\n

Daha \u0259trafl\u0131 lisenziya m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn show license all \u0259mrind\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, aktiv lisenziyan\u0131n detallar\u0131n\u0131 show license detail \u0259mri il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. Lisenziyan\u0131n funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 show license features \u0259mri il\u0259 g\u00f6zd\u0259n ke\u00e7irm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Cisco lisenziyala\u015fd\u0131rma sistemi haqq\u0131nda q\u0131sa m\u0259lumat budur. Siz \u015firk\u0259tin veb sayt\u0131na daxil olursunuz, laz\u0131m olan lisenziyay\u0131 al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z v\u0259 lisenziya fayl\u0131n\u0131 sistem\u0259 daxil edirsiniz. Bunu global konfiqurasiya rejimind\u0259 license install \u0259mri il\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Videonu\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nBiziml\u0259 qald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr edirik. Maraqland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rimiz var? Daha \u00e7ox maraql\u0131 material g\u00f6rm\u0259k ist\u0259yirsiniz? Bizi d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sifari\u015f verdiyinizd\u0259 v\u0259 ya tan\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131za t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 etdiyinizd\u0259 biz\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edin. Sizin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn icad edilmi\u015f unikal entry-level serverl\u0259rd\u0259 Habr istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 30% endirim:<\/b> VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Cores) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps yaln\u0131z 20 $-dan ya da serveri nec\u0259 d\u00fczg\u00fcn b\u00f6lm\u0259k olar?<\/a><\/noindex> (RAID1 v\u0259 RAID10 il\u0259 variantlar, 24 n\u00fcv\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r v\u0259 40GB DDR4-a q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00f6vcuddur).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd iki d\u0259f\u0259 ucuz?<\/b> Yaln\u0131z bizd\u0259 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB yaln\u0131z 199 $-dan<\/a><\/noindex> Niderlandda! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2GHz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 99 $-dan!<\/b><\/b> Bunun haqq\u0131nda oxuyun Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 serverl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 korporativ s\u0259viyy\u0259li infrastruktur nec\u0259 qurmaq olar - 9000 avro d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259 olanlar\u0131 c\u00fczdanla \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
M\u0259nb\u0259: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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