{"id":38375,"date":"2019-10-31T22:23:21","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/iot-tuman-i-oblaka-pogovorim-pro-tehnologii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:23:21","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:23:21","slug":"iot-tuman-i-oblaka-pogovorim-pro-tehnologii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/iot-tuman-i-oblaka-pogovorim-pro-tehnologii","title":{"rendered":"IoT, buludlar v\u0259 duman: texnologiyalar haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faq?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"IoT, buludlar v\u0259 duman: texnologiyalar haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faq?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/89eae3426589d2ed8041fd6dd26498cb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<i>Proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 v\u0259 avadanl\u0131q sah\u0259sind\u0259 texnologiyalar\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131, yeni \u0259laq\u0259 protokollar\u0131n\u0131n meydana g\u0259lm\u0259si internetin \u015feyl\u0259r (IoT) geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Cihazlar\u0131n say\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u0259n-g\u00fcn\u0259 art\u0131r v\u0259 onlar b\u00f6y\u00fck miqdarda m\u0259lumat istehsal edirl\u0259r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, bu m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k, saxlamaq v\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn rahat bir sistem arxitekturas\u0131na ehtiyac var.<\/p>\n<p>Hal-haz\u0131rda bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bulud xidm\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilir. Lakin t\u0259dric\u0259n daha populyarla\u015fan dumanl\u0131 hesablama (Fog) paradigmas\u0131 bulud \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k IoT infrastrukturunu geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259k v\u0259 optimalla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r faydal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Buludlar IoT-nin \u0259ks\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rini qar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin monitorinqini t\u0259min etm\u0259k, cihazlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n istehsal olunan h\u0259r hans\u0131 miqdarda m\u0259lumat\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 onlar\u0131n vizualizasiyas\u0131n\u0131 etm\u0259k. Lakin dumanl\u0131 hesablama real vaxt probleml\u0259rinin h\u0259llind\u0259 daha m\u0259hsuldard\u0131r. Onlar suallara tez cavab ver\u0259r\u0259k m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 minimal gecikm\u0259 t\u0259min edirl\u0259r. Y\u0259ni Fog, m\u0259hz buludlar\u0131 tamamlayaraq, onun imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndirir.<\/p>\n<p>Lakin \u0259sas sual ba\u015fqad\u0131r: b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar IoT kontekstind\u0259 nec\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r? Hans\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259 protokollar\u0131 IoT-Fog-Bulud birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f sistemind\u0259 \u0259n effektiv olacaq?<\/p>\n<p>HTTP-nin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edici \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, IoT, Fog v\u0259 Bulud sisteml\u0259rind\u0259 bir \u00e7ox dig\u0259r h\u0259ll\u0259r istifad\u0259 edilir. Bunun s\u0259b\u0259bi IoT-nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif cihaz sensorlar\u0131n\u0131n funksional imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik, uyumluluk v\u0259 istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ir\u0259lil\u0259dil\u0259n dig\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n<p>Amma m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l arxitektur v\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259 standart\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 vahid bir t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr yoxdur. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, yeni bir protokol yaratmaq v\u0259 ya m\u00f6vcud olan\u0131 spesifik IoT t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 IT icmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n<p>Hal-haz\u0131rda hans\u0131 protokollar istifad\u0259 olunur v\u0259 n\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259klif edir? G\u0259lin anlay\u0131\u015fa varaq. Amma \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 buludlar, duman v\u0259 internet \u015feyl\u0259rind\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259 prinsipl\u0259rini m\u00fczakir\u0259 ed\u0259k.<\/p>\n<h3>IoT Fog-to-Cloud (F2C) Arxitekturas\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>\nY\u0259qin ki, IoT, buludlar v\u0259 duman\u0131n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li v\u0259 koordinasiyal\u0131 idar\u0259 edilm\u0259sinin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli s\u0259yl\u0259r s\u0259rf olundu\u011funu g\u00f6rm\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcz. \u018fg\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259misinizs\u0259, siz\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 standartla\u015fd\u0131rma t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259qdim edirik: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openfogconsortium.org\/\">OpenFog Consortium<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.ecconsortium.org\/Uploads\/file\/20180328\/1522232376480704.pdf\">Edge Computing Consortium<\/a><\/noindex> v\u0259 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mf2c-project.eu\/\">mF2C H2020 EU layih\u0259si<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p>\u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r yaln\u0131z 2 s\u0259viyy\u0259 - buludlar v\u0259 uc cihazlar m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilirdis\u0259, t\u0259klif olunan arxitektura yeni bir s\u0259viyy\u0259 - dumanl\u0131 hesablama t\u0259qdim edir. Eyni zamanda, duman s\u0259viyy\u0259si resurslar\u0131n spesifikasiyas\u0131na v\u0259 bu alt s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ki f\u0259rqli cihazlar\u0131n istifad\u0259sini t\u0259yin ed\u0259n siyas\u0259t d\u0259stin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 alt s\u0259viyy\u0259y\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu abstraksiyan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc nec\u0259 ola bil\u0259r? Budur, tipik bir IoT-Tutulmu\u015f-Bulud ekosistemi. IoT cihazlar\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 gecikm\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n probleml\u0259ri h\u0259ll etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 daha g\u00fccl\u00fc serverl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 hesablama cihazlar\u0131na g\u00f6nd\u0259rirl\u0259r. Eyni sistemd\u0259 buludlar, b\u00f6y\u00fck miqdarda hesablama resurslar\u0131 v\u0259 ya m\u0259lumat saxlanmas\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259lli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"IoT, buludlar v\u0259 duman: texnologiyalar haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faq?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/c78ea915ac4743a3def5651778e77873.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSmartfonlar, a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 saatlar v\u0259 dig\u0259r cihazlar da IoT-nin bir hiss\u0259si ola bil\u0259r. Amma bu c\u00fcr cihazlar ad\u0259t\u0259n iri istehsal\u00e7\u0131lardan proprietary kommunikasiya protokollar\u0131n\u0131 istifad\u0259 edir. \u0130nternetin \u015feyl\u0259rind\u0259n yarad\u0131lan m\u0259lumatlar, REST HTTP protokolu vasit\u0259sil\u0259 tutqunluq s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rilir ki, bu da RESTful xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00e7eviklik v\u0259 funksional uy\u011funluq t\u0259min edir. Bu, yerli komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259, serverl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 ya server klasterl\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan m\u00f6vcud hesablama infrastrukturunun geriy\u0259 uy\u011funlu\u011funun t\u0259min edilm\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan vacibdir.<\/p>\n<p>Buludlar m\u00fcxt\u0259lif kommunikasiya protokollar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yir, bunlar aras\u0131nda \u0259n \u00e7ox rast g\u0259lin\u0259nl\u0259ri AMQP v\u0259 REST HTTP-dir. HTTP \u00fcmumi bilindikd\u0259 v\u0259 internet \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn optimalla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \"IoT v\u0259 tutqunluqla i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bunu istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k olmazm\u0131?\" sual\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xa bil\u0259r. Lakin, bu protokolun performans probleml\u0259ri var. Bunu daha sonra m\u00fczakir\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yik.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, laz\u0131m olan sistem\u0259 uy\u011fun iki kommunikasiya protokolu modeli m\u00f6vcuddur. Bunlar sor\u011fu-cavab modeli v\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr-abun\u0259 modelidir. Birinci model daha geni\u015f tan\u0131n\u0131r, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 server-m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri arxitekturas\u0131nda. M\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri serverd\u0259n m\u0259lumat ist\u0259yir, server is\u0259 sor\u011funu al\u0131r, onu i\u015fl\u0259yir v\u0259 cavab mesaj\u0131 qaytar\u0131r. Bu model REST HTTP v\u0259 CoAP protokollar\u0131nda f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci model, m\u0259lumat yaradan m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r il\u0259 bu m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda asinxron, paylanm\u0131\u015f, z\u0259if \u0259laq\u0259ni t\u0259min etm\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n ortaya \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"IoT, buludlar v\u0259 duman: texnologiyalar haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faq?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/acf3b411fb9a0b7a61cf0188e4c29292.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nModeld\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131 var: n\u0259\u015fr ed\u0259n (m\u0259lumat m\u0259nb\u0259yi), broker (dispe\u00e7er) v\u0259 abun\u0259\u00e7i (al\u0131c\u0131). Burada abun\u0259\u00e7i rolunu oynayan m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri serverd\u0259n m\u0259lumat ist\u0259m\u0259m\u0259lidir. Sor\u011fular g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, o broker vasit\u0259sil\u0259 sistemd\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 abun\u0259 olur ki, bu broker b\u00fct\u00fcn daxil olan mesajlar\u0131n filtrlenm\u0259si v\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr ed\u0259nl\u0259r il\u0259 abun\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r aras\u0131nda y\u00f6nl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. N\u0259\u015fr ed\u0259n, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir m\u00f6vzu il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar hadis\u0259 ba\u015f verdikd\u0259, onu broker\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr edir, broker is\u0259 abun\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b olunan m\u00f6vzu \u00fczr\u0259 m\u0259lumat\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00f6nd\u0259rir.<\/p>\n<p>\u018fslind\u0259, bu arxitektura hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r. Bel\u0259 bir qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259 modeli IoT, bulud v\u0259 duman t\u0259tbiql\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maraql\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu, miqyaslana bilm\u0259k v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif cihazlar aras\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259ni asanla\u015fd\u0131rmaq, '\u00e7oxdan-\u00e7oxa' dinamik \u0259laq\u0259ni v\u0259 asinxron \u0259laq\u0259ni t\u0259min etm\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 malikdir. 'N\u0259\u015fr-abun\u0259' modelini istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n \u0259n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f standartla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mesajla\u015fma protokollar\u0131ndan b\u0259zil\u0259ri MQTT, AMQP v\u0259 DDS-dir.<\/p>\n<p>Ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, 'n\u0259\u015fr-abun\u0259' modelinin \u00e7oxsayda \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri var:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u0259\u015fricil\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 abun\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 bir-birl\u0259rinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan x\u0259b\u0259rdar olma\u011fa ehtiyac yoxdur;<\/li>\n<li>Bir abun\u0259\u00e7i m\u00fcxt\u0259lif n\u0259\u015frl\u0259rd\u0259n m\u0259lumat ala bil\u0259r, bir n\u0259\u015fri is\u0259 \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 abun\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259lumat g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r (\u2018\u00e7oxdan-\u00e7oxa\u2019 prinsipi);<\/li>\n<li>N\u0259\u015fr\u00e7i v\u0259 abun\u0259\u00e7i m\u0259lumat m\u00fcbadil\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn eyni anda f\u0259al olma\u011fa ehtiyac duymurlar, \u00e7\u00fcnki broker (n\u00f6vb\u0259 sistemi kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n) m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn cari anda \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulmayan mesajlar\u0131 saxlayacaq.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAncaq 'sor\u011fu-cavab' modelinin d\u0259 \u00f6z \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri var. Server t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259rinin sor\u011fular\u0131n\u0131 emal etm\u0259 imkanlar\u0131 problem olmad\u0131qda, art\u0131q s\u0131naqdand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f etibarl\u0131 h\u0259ll\u0259ri istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u0259ntiqlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Eyni zamanda, h\u0259r iki modeli d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259n protokollar da vard\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 'server push' se\u00e7ene\u011fini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259n XMPP v\u0259 HTTP 2.0. IETF h\u0259m\u00e7inin CoAP-\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b. Mesajla\u015fma problemi h\u0259ll etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn WebSockets protokolu v\u0259 ya HTTP-ni QUIC (Quick UDP \u0130nternet Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131) protokolu vasit\u0259sil\u0259 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 dig\u0259r h\u0259ll yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>WebSockets il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131, bu, serverd\u0259n veb-klienta real vaxtda m\u0259lumat \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunur v\u0259 eyni anda iki t\u0259r\u0259fli \u0259laq\u0259ni t\u0259min edir, lakin s\u0259rh\u0259dli hesablama resurslar\u0131na malik cihazlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmay\u0131b. QUIC d\u0259 diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edir, \u00e7\u00fcnki yeni n\u0259qliyyat protokolu \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 yeni imkanlar t\u0259qdim edir. Lakin QUIC h\u0259l\u0259 standartla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, onun IoT sah\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn t\u0259tbiqi v\u0259 t\u0259siri haqq\u0131nda proqnoz verm\u0259k vaxtl\u0131d\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, WebSockets v\u0259 QUIC-i g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq saxlay\u0131r\u0131q, lakin indiki vaxtda daha \u0259trafl\u0131 t\u0259dqiq etm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yik.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u00fcnyada kim daha sevimlidir: protokollar\u0131 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edirik<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0130ndi protokollar\u0131n g\u00fccl\u00fc v\u0259 z\u0259if t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faq. Q\u0131saca des\u0259k, bir ayd\u0131n lider yoxdur. H\u0259r protokolun \u00f6z \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck\/l\u0259yaq\u0259t v\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlar\u0131 var.<\/p>\n<p><b>Cavab m\u00fcdd\u0259ti<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u018flaq\u0259 protokollar\u0131n\u0131n, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 \u015feyl\u0259rin interneti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131, \u0259n vacib x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri gecikm\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259tidir. Ancaq m\u00f6vcud protokollar aras\u0131nda f\u0259rqli \u015f\u0259raitl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259rk\u0259n minimum gecikm\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sini n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdir\u0259n t\u0259mamil\u0259 bir qalib yoxdur. Lakin protokollar\u0131n imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 ed\u0259n \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 t\u0259dqiqatlar var.<\/p>\n<p>M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/323943358_Performance_Analysis_of_Internet_of_Things_Protocols_Based_FogCloud_over_High_Traffic\">n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r <\/a><\/noindex>IoT il\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fark\u0259n HTTP v\u0259 MQTT-nin effektivliyinin m\u00fcqayis\u0259si g\u00f6st\u0259rdi ki, MQTT \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sor\u011fular\u0131n cavab m\u00fcdd\u0259ti HTTP-d\u0259n q\u0131sad\u0131r. V\u0259 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/303188719_Comparison_of_two_lightweight_protocols_for_smartphone-based_sensing\">t\u0259dqiqatda <\/a><\/noindex>MQTT v\u0259 CoAP \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0259bul-\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc m\u00fchitinin m\u00fcdd\u0259ti (RTT) \u00f6yr\u0259nil\u0259rk\u0259n, CoAP \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ortalama RTT-nin MQTT-d\u0259n 20% daha az oldu\u011fu m\u0259lum oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015fqa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7740559\">eksperiment <\/a><\/noindex>MQTT v\u0259 CoAP protokollar\u0131n\u0131n RTTsi lokal \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 v\u0259 IoT \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si ssenaril\u0259rind\u0259 apar\u0131ld\u0131. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131 ki, IoT \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259 ortalama RTT 2-3 d\u0259f\u0259 daha y\u00fcks\u0259kdir. QoS0 olan MQTT-nin CoAP il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi, QoS1 olan MQTT-nin is\u0259 t\u0259tbiq v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki ACK-lar s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n daha y\u00fcks\u0259k RTT t\u0259qdim etdiyi ayd\u0131n oldu. QoS-nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259d\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259nm\u0259 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman MQTT-nin gecikm\u0259l\u0259ri millisaniy\u0259l\u0259r, CoAP-n\u0131n is\u0259 y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 mikrosaniy\u0259 oldu. Ancaq daha az etibarl\u0131 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dikd\u0259, TCP \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan MQTT tamamil\u0259 f\u0259rqli bir n\u0259tic\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:1092136\/FULLTEXT01.pdf\">M\u00fcqayis\u0259 <\/a><\/noindex>AMQP v\u0259 MQTT protokollar\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259hm\u0259t y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131raraq gecikm\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259tinin m\u00fcqayis\u0259si g\u00f6st\u0259rdi ki, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 y\u00fck alt\u0131nda gecikm\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259si dem\u0259k olar ki, eynidir. Lakin b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259lumat h\u0259cml\u0259ri \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259rk\u0259n MQTT daha az gecikm\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bir daha <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tfzr.rs\/esociety\/issues\/eSocietyVol3No1.pdf#page=26\">t\u0259dqiqatda <\/a><\/noindex>CoAP HTTP il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259 deyil\u0259n ssenarisi alt\u0131nda qeyri-ciddi qur\u011fularla, qaz sensorlar\u0131, hava sensorlar\u0131, yer (GPS) v\u0259 mobil \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 interfeysi (GPRS) il\u0259 t\u0259chiz olunmu\u015f vasit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edildi. Mobil \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n CoAP mesaj\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan vaxt, HTTP mesajlar\u0131n\u0131n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan vaxtdan dem\u0259k olar ki, \u00fc\u00e7 d\u0259f\u0259 q\u0131sa idi.<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar apar\u0131ld\u0131 ki, burada iki deyil, \u00fc\u00e7 protokol m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edildi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7496622\">m\u00fcqayis\u0259 <\/a><\/noindex>IoT protokollar\u0131 MQTT, DDS v\u0259 CoAP aras\u0131nda tibbi t\u0259tbiq ssenarisind\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 emulyatoru istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k performans m\u00fcqayis\u0259si. DDS, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif pis \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 telemetriya gecikm\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan MQTT-d\u0259n \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. UDP \u0259sasl\u0131 CoAP, s\u00fcr\u0259tli cavab t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n t\u0259tbiql\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdi, lakin UDP \u0259sasl\u0131 olmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z paket itkil\u0259ri ba\u015f verdi.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ke\u00e7iricilik<\/b><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/267636202_Performance_evaluation_of_MQTT_and_CoAP_via_a_common_middleware\">M\u00fcqayis\u0259 <\/a><\/noindex>MQTT v\u0259 CoAP-n\u0131n bant geni\u015fliyinin effektivliyini qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir mesaj vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n \u00fcmumi m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n say\u0131 hesabland\u0131. CoAP, ki\u00e7ik mesajlar\u0131n \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si zaman\u0131 MQTT-d\u0259n daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bant geni\u015fliyin\u0259 malik idi. Ancaq protokollar\u0131n effektivliyinin m\u00fcsb\u0259t m\u0259lumat baytlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmumi \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n baytlara nisb\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259sind\u0259 CoAP daha effektiv oldu.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130stifad\u0259 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7496622\">analizi <\/a><\/noindex>MQTT, DDS (n\u0259qliyyat protokolu olaraq TCP il\u0259) v\u0259 CoAP-n\u0131n bant geni\u015fliyinin istifad\u0259si, ad\u0259t\u0259n CoAP-n\u0131n m\u00fcqayis\u0259 olunan daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bant geni\u015fliyi istehlak\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyini ortaya \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131 ki, bu da \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 paket itkil\u0259ri v\u0259 ya \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 gecikm\u0259si artd\u0131qca y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259mi\u015fdir; bu, MQTT v\u0259 DDS-d\u0259, qeyd olunan ssenaril\u0259rd\u0259 bant geni\u015fliyi istehlak\u0131n\u0131n artd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ba\u015fqa bir ssenarid\u0259, eyni anda m\u0259lumat \u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259n \u00e7ox sayda cihaz\u0131n i\u015ftirak etdiyi IoT m\u00fchitind\u0259 tipik bir v\u0259ziyy\u0259tdir. N\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rdi ki, daha y\u00fcks\u0259k y\u00fckl\u0259nm\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn CoAP istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k daha yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u00e7ik y\u00fck il\u0259 CoAP \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bant geni\u015fliyini istifad\u0259 edir, onu MQTT v\u0259 REST HTTP izl\u0259yir. Lakin, \u0259g\u0259r y\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc artarsa, \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r REST HTTP-d\u0259dir.<\/p>\n<p><b>Enerji istehlak\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Enerji istehlak\u0131 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir v\u0259 IoT sisteml\u0259rind\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mlidir. \u018fg\u0259r <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7899537\">qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rsaq <\/a><\/noindex>MQTT v\u0259 HTTP-d\u0259 elektrik enerjisi istehlak\u0131n\u0131, HTTP daha \u00e7ox enerji istehlak edir. CoAP, enerji idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi sah\u0259sind\u0259, MQTT-\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/12\/2044\/htm\">enerji s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259lidir <\/a><\/noindex>v\u0259 enerji idar\u0259\u00e7iliyini asanla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Bununla bel\u0259, sad\u0259 ssenaril\u0259rd\u0259 MQTT, enerji s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri olmad\u0131qda, IoT \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259lumat m\u00fcbadil\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha uy\u011fun olur.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/cgweb1.northumbria.ac.uk\/SubjectAreaResources\/KF7046\/papers\/review\/iot\/lpb15.pdf\">Ba\u015fqa <\/a><\/noindex>AMQP v\u0259 MQTT-nin mobil v\u0259 ya qeyri-sabit simsiz \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259d\u0259ki imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 ed\u0259n bir t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259, AMQP-nin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik sah\u0259sind\u0259 daha \u00e7ox imkan t\u0259qdim etdiyini, MQTT-nin is\u0259 daha enerji s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liyini g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n<p><b>T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik<\/b><\/p>\n<p>T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik, IoT v\u0259 bulud\/haz\u0131rda hesablama m\u00f6vzusunu ara\u015fd\u0131rark\u0259n \u0259n vacib m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik mexanizmi ad\u0259t\u0259n HTTP, MQTT, AMQP v\u0259 XMPP-d\u0259 TLS, CoAP-da DTLS-da, h\u0259m\u00e7inin H\u0259r iki variant\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259n DDS-d\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>TLS v\u0259 DTLS, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri v\u0259 server aras\u0131nda d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259n\u0259n \u015fifr\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 d\u0259stl\u0259ri v\u0259 a\u00e7arlar\u0131n m\u00fcbadil\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259laq\u0259 qurma prosesi il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. H\u0259r iki t\u0259r\u0259f, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u0259laq\u0259nin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz kanal i\u00e7ind\u0259 ba\u015f verm\u0259sini t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259stl\u0259ri raz\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Onlar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rq, DTLS-n\u0131n UDP \u0259sas\u0131nda etibars\u0131z \u0259laq\u0259 il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 imkan tan\u0131yan ki\u00e7ik d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130stifad\u0259 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.isg.rhul.ac.uk\/tls\/lucky13.html\">s\u0131naq h\u00fccumlar\u0131<\/a><\/noindex> F\u0259rqli TLS v\u0259 DTLS t\u0259tbiql\u0259ri aras\u0131nda apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqatda, TLS-in v\u0259zif\u0259sini daha yax\u015f\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirdiyi m\u0259lum olub. DTLS-\u0259 edil\u0259n h\u00fccumlar, onun s\u0259hvl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fc olmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n daha m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tli olub.<\/p>\n<p>Ancaq bu protokollar\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck problemi, onlar\u0131n ilkin olaraq IoT-d\u0259 istifad\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmamas\u0131 v\u0259 buludda ya da duman m\u00fchitind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259yi m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 kimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259m\u0259sidir. Raz\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcbadil\u0259 (handshaking) vasit\u0259sil\u0259, h\u0259r bir \u0259laq\u0259 qurulark\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259 trafik \u0259lav\u0259 edirl\u0259r ki, bu da hesablama resurslar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fck\u0259dir. T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik s\u0259viyy\u0259si olmayan \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 TLS \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ortalama 6.5%, DTLS \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 11% \u0259lav\u0259 y\u00fck m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Resurslar\u0131 bol olan m\u00fchitl\u0259rd\u0259, ad\u0259t\u0259n yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloud4y.ru\/cloud-hosting\/cloud-server\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=article\">bulud <\/a><\/noindex>s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259, bu problem olmayacaq, amma IoT il\u0259 duman s\u0259viyy\u0259si aras\u0131nda olan \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 bu vacib bir m\u0259hduddur.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0259 se\u00e7m\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r? Q\u0259ti cavab yoxdur. MQTT v\u0259 HTTP, dig\u0259r protokollarla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 IoT \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha yetkin v\u0259 daha stabillik g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n protokollar kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u0259k kommunikasiya protokoluna \u0259saslanan h\u0259ll\u0259r<\/h3>\n<p>\nT\u0259k protokol h\u0259llinin bir \u00e7ox m\u0259nfi c\u0259h\u0259ti var. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u0259hdud m\u00fchit\u0259 uy\u011fundur olan bir protokol, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri y\u00fcks\u0259k olan bir sah\u0259d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bunu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, IoT-nin Fog-to-Cloud ekosistemind\u0259 t\u0259k protokola \u0259saslanan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn h\u0259ll\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini, yaln\u0131z MQTT v\u0259 REST HTTP-ni qald\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131q.<\/p>\n<p><b>REST HTTP t\u0259k protokol h\u0259lli olaraq<\/b><\/p>\n<p>IoT-to-Fog sah\u0259sind\u0259 REST HTTP sor\u011fu\/cavab qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259sinin yax\u015f\u0131 bir n\u00fcmun\u0259si var: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?doid=3152130.3152140\">a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 fermalar<\/a><\/noindex>. Heyvanlar, geyil\u0259 bil\u0259n sens\u00f6rl\u0259rl\u0259 (IoT m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri, C) t\u0259min edilir v\u0259 bulud hesablama il\u0259 a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat sistemi (Fog-server, S) vasit\u0259sil\u0259 idar\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n<p>POST metodunun ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u0259yi\u015fdiril\u0259c\u0259k resurs (\\\/farm\\\/animals), el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 HTTP versiyas\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259zmun n\u00f6v\u00fc, bu halda sistemin idar\u0259 etm\u0259li oldu\u011fu bir k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 obyektini ifad\u0259 ed\u0259n JSON obyektidir (Dulcineya\\\/in\u0259k). Serverd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n cavab, sor\u011funun u\u011furlu oldu\u011funu bildirir v\u0259 HTTPS 201 (resurs yarad\u0131ld\u0131) status kodunu g\u00f6nd\u0259rir. GET metodu yaln\u0131z URI-d\u0259 ist\u0259nil\u0259n resursu g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259lidir (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \\\/farm\\\/animals\\\/1), h\u0259min identifikatorla heyvan\u0131n JSON t\u0259qdimat\u0131n\u0131 serverd\u0259n qaytar\u0131r. <\/p>\n<p>PUT metodu, resursun b\u0259zi x\u00fcsusi qeydl\u0259rini yenil\u0259m\u0259k laz\u0131m olduqda istifad\u0259 olunur. Bu halda, d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan parametrin URI\u2019s\u0131 v\u0259 cari d\u0259y\u0259ri g\u00f6st\u0259rilir (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, in\u0259yin hal-haz\u0131rda g\u0259z\u0259n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n, \\\/farm\\\/animals\\\/1?state=gezinm\u0259). N\u0259hay\u0259t, DELETE metodu b\u0259rab\u0259r d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 GET metodu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunur, lakin \u0259m\u0259liyyat n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 resursu silir. <\/p>\n<p><b>MQTT t\u0259k protokol h\u0259lli olaraq<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"IoT, buludlar v\u0259 duman: texnologiyalar haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faq?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/529857b556ea5a186ac1519e2804d1b8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nEyn\u0259n o eyni a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 ferma modelini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259k, amma REST HTTP \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 MQTT protokolundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259k. Mosquitto kitabxanas\u0131 qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yerli server broker rolunu oynay\u0131r. Bu n\u00fcmun\u0259d\u0259 Raspberry Pi adl\u0131 sad\u0259 bir komp\u00fcter (ferman\u0131n serveri kimi i\u015far\u0259l\u0259nir) Mosquitto brokeri il\u0259 tam uy\u011fun olan MQTT Paho kitabxanas\u0131n\u0131n qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 MQTT m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259risi kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri IoT-nin a\u015fkar etm\u0259 v\u0259 hesablama imkanlar\u0131 olan cihaz\u0131 t\u0259msil ed\u0259n abstraksiya s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 uy\u011fundur. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, vasit\u0259\u00e7i daha y\u00fcks\u0259k bir abstraksiya s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 uy\u011fundur v\u0259 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259lumat emal\u0131 v\u0259 saxlama g\u00fcc\u00fc il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 olunan duman hesablama d\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259msil edir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0259klif olunan \u00aba\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 ferma\u00bb ssenarisind\u0259 Raspberry Pi, akselerometr, GPS v\u0259 temperatur sensorlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011flant\u0131 qurur v\u0259 bu sensorlardan m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 duman d\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259rc edir. Y\u0259qin ki, bilirsiniz ki, MQTT m\u00f6vzular\u0131 bir iyerarxiya kimi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irir. Bir MQTT n\u0259\u015friyyat\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir m\u00f6vzular d\u0259st\u0259sin\u0259 mesajlar d\u0259rc ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bizim halda onlar \u00fc\u00e7d\u00fcr. Heyvan sah\u0259sind\u0259 temperaturu \u00f6l\u00e7\u0259n sensor \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri m\u00f6vzunu (animalfarm\/shed\/temperature) se\u00e7ir. GPS m\u00f6vqeyini \u00f6l\u00e7\u0259n v\u0259 heyvanlar\u0131n akselerometr vasit\u0259sil\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tini izl\u0259y\u0259n sensorlara dair m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri, yenil\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri (animalfarm\/animal\/GPS) v\u0259 (animalfarm\/animal\/movement) d\u0259rc edir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu m\u0259lumat broker\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259c\u0259k, broker is\u0259 daha sonra ba\u015fqa maraqlanan abun\u0259\u00e7iy\u0259 ehtiyac yaranarsa, onu yerli veril\u0259nl\u0259r bazas\u0131nda m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti saxlayacaq.<\/p>\n<p>Yeril\u0259r serverin MQTT brokeri rolunu oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerd\u0259, Raspberry Pi m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259ri sensorlardan m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 g\u00f6nd\u0259rir. Bulud s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 bir MQTT brokeri ola bil\u0259r. Bu halda, yerli brokera g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n m\u0259lumat yerli veril\u0259nl\u0259r bazas\u0131nda m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti saxlan\u0131la bil\u0259r v\u0259 \/ v\u0259 ya buluda g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 duman MQTT brokeri b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 bulud MQTT brokeri il\u0259 ba\u011flamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunur. Bel\u0259 bir memarl\u0131qda mobil t\u0259tbiq istifad\u0259\u00e7isi h\u0259r iki broker\u0259 abun\u0259 ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>Bir broker (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bulud) il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259 k\u0259sildikd\u0259, son istifad\u0259\u00e7i dig\u0259rind\u0259n (dumanl\u0131) m\u0259lumat alacaq. Bu, duman v\u0259 bulud hesablama sisteml\u0259rinin birl\u0259\u015fdirildiyi sisteml\u0259rin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tidir. \u015e\u0259raitd\u0259, mobil t\u0259tbiq ad\u0259t\u0259n duman MQTT brokerin\u0259 ilk qo\u015fulma il\u0259 t\u0259yin olunur, u\u011fursuzluq hal\u0131nda is\u0259 buluddak\u0131 MQTT brokerin\u0259 qo\u015fulma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu h\u0259ll IoT-F2C sisteml\u0259rind\u0259 bir \u00e7oxlar\u0131ndan biridir. <\/p>\n<h3>\u00c7oxprotokollu h\u0259ll\u0259r<\/h3>\n<p>\nBir protokol il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n h\u0259ll\u0259r onlar\u0131n daha asan t\u0259tbiqi s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n populyard\u0131r. Lakin IoT-F2C sisteml\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif protokollar\u0131n birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir. F\u0259rqli s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 f\u0259rqli protokollar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259si anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya qoyur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, IoT, duman v\u0259 bulud hesablama s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259k. IoT s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259ki cihazlar ad\u0259t\u0259n m\u0259hdud hesab olunur. Bu n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n, IoT s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rini \u0259n m\u0259hdud, bulud s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rini is\u0259 \u0259n az m\u0259hdud hesab etm\u0259y\u0259 baxaq, duman hesablama is\u0259 bu iki aras\u0131nda bir yer tutar. Dem\u0259li, IoT v\u0259 duman abstraksiyalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olan cari protokol h\u0259ll\u0259ri MQTT, CoAP v\u0259 XMPP-i \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Duman v\u0259 bulud aras\u0131nda is\u0259 AMQP, REST HTTP il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n protokollardan biridir; REST-in \u00e7evikliyi say\u0259sind\u0259, h\u0259m\u00e7inin IoT il\u0259 duman s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda da istifad\u0259 olunur. <\/p>\n<p>Burada \u0259sas problem protokollar\u0131n funksional uy\u011funlu\u011fu v\u0259 mesajlar\u0131n bir protokoldan dig\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259sinin asanl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130deal olaraq, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 bulud v\u0259 duman resurslar\u0131 olan internet \u015feyl\u0259ri sisteminin istifad\u0259 olunan \u0259laq\u0259 protokollar\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olmamas\u0131 v\u0259 f\u0259rqli protokollar aras\u0131nda yax\u015f\u0131 inteqrasiya t\u0259min etm\u0259si \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"IoT, buludlar v\u0259 duman: texnologiyalar haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faq?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/cddc564cad572966002ae22eff8cb99d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nHal-haz\u0131rda bu bel\u0259 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli f\u0259rql\u0259ri olmayan protokollar\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k m\u0259nal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259, potensial bir h\u0259ll, eyni arxitektura stilini payla\u015fan iki protokolun birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r: REST HTTP v\u0259 CoAP. Ba\u015fqa bir t\u0259klif olunan h\u0259ll, \"n\u0259\u015fr-abun\u0259\" modelini t\u0259qdim ed\u0259n iki protokolun birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r: MQTT v\u0259 AMQP. Yax\u0131n anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n istifad\u0259si (h\u0259m MQTT, h\u0259m d\u0259 AMQP brokerl\u0259ri istifad\u0259 edir, CoAP v\u0259 HTTP is\u0259 REST-i istifad\u0259 edir) bu birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini asanla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 inteqrasiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha az s\u0259yl\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b edir.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"IoT, buludlar v\u0259 duman: texnologiyalar haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faq?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/395bc75880a154aeab7b61d043476802.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u015e\u0259kil (a) HTTP v\u0259 CoAP-a \u0259saslanan iki sor\u011fu-cavab modelini g\u00f6st\u0259rir v\u0259 bunlar\u0131n IoT-F2C h\u0259llind\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini t\u0259qdim edir. HTTP m\u00fcasir \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olunan protokollardan biri oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onun tamamil\u0259 dig\u0259r mesaj payla\u015f\u0131m protokollar\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olunmas\u0131 ehtimal\u0131 azd\u0131r. Bulud v\u0259 duman aras\u0131nda yer alan g\u00fccl\u00fc cihazlar\u0131 t\u0259msil ed\u0259n d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259r aras\u0131nda REST HTTP m\u0259qbul bir h\u0259ll olaraq q\u0259bul edilir.<\/p>\n<p>Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, duman v\u0259 IoT s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259 quran m\u0259hdud hesablama resurslar\u0131na malik cihazlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn CoAP-dan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k daha effektivdir. CoAP-\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259rind\u0259n biri \u0259slind\u0259 HTTP il\u0259 uy\u011funlu\u011fudur, \u00e7\u00fcnki h\u0259r iki protokol REST prinsipl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u015e\u0259kil (b) \"n\u0259\u015fr-abun\u0259\" qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259sinin iki modelini bir ssenarid\u0259, MQTT v\u0259 AMQP-ni \u0259hat\u0259 edir. H\u0259tta h\u0259r iki protokolun abstraksiya s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin h\u0259r birind\u0259 d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 oluna bil\u0259c\u0259yi n\u0259z\u0259ri olaraq d\u00fczg\u00fcn olsa da, onlar\u0131n m\u00f6vqeyi performansa \u0259saslanaraq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259lidir. MQTT m\u0259hdud hesablama resurslar\u0131na sahib cihazlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sad\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f bir protokol olaraq yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onu IoT il\u0259 duman aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259y\u0259 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k olar. AMQP daha g\u00fccl\u00fc cihazlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha uy\u011fundur, bu da onu duman v\u0259 bulud x\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda ideal yerl\u0259\u015fdirir. IoT-d\u0259 MQTT \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 XMPP protokolundan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k olar, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu, y\u00fcng\u00fcl hesab olunur. Lakin bu, bu c\u00fcr ssenaril\u0259rd\u0259 geni\u015f istifad\u0259 edilmir.<\/p>\n<h3>Sonu\u00e7lar<\/h3>\n<p>\nM\u00fczakir\u0259 olunan protokollardan birinin sistemd\u0259ki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259si, m\u0259hdud hesablama resurslar\u0131na sahib cihazlardan bulud serverl\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r, ehtimal ki, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Ara\u015fd\u0131rma, inki\u015faf etdiricil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n daha \u00e7ox istifad\u0259 olunan \u0259n perspektivli iki se\u00e7imi MQTT v\u0259 RESTful HTTP oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Bu iki protokol yaln\u0131z \u0259n yetkin v\u0259 sabit olanlar deyil, eyni zamanda yax\u015f\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f v\u0259 u\u011furlu t\u0259tbiql\u0259r v\u0259 onlayn resurslarla doludur.<\/p>\n<p>Stabilliyi v\u0259 sad\u0259 konfiqurasiyas\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 MQTT, zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 m\u0259hdud cihazlar s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 IoT istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Sistem hiss\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, burada m\u0259hdud \u0259laq\u0259 v\u0259 batareya istehlak\u0131 problem olmursa, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, b\u0259zi duman sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259ks\u0259r bulud hesablamalar\u0131nda RESTful HTTP sad\u0259 se\u00e7imdir. CoAP da n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu da IoT mesajla\u015fma standart\u0131 kimi s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 inki\u015faf edir v\u0259 yax\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 MQTT v\u0259 HTTP-y\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r stabil v\u0259 yetkin bir s\u0259viyy\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7atmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Lakin standart indi inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259dir, bu da q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259tli uy\u011funluq probleml\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>Bloqda oxumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha n\u0259 faydal\u0131 m\u0259lumat var <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloud4y.ru\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=article\">Cloud4Y<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/466755\/\">Komp\u00fcter siz\u0259 l\u0259zz\u0259tli bir \u015fey haz\u0131rlayacaq<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/464155\/\">AI Afrikan\u0131n heyvanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir <\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/465251\/\">Yaz bu g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7at\u0131r. Dem\u0259k olar ki, itirilm\u0259mi\u015f m\u0259lumat qalmay\u0131b<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/461713\/\">Buludda ehtiyat n\u00fcsx\u0259l\u0259rini saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 4 yol<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/467769\/\">B\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259halinin m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 ehtiva ed\u0259n vahid federal informasiya resursu haqq\u0131nda<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Bizim <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/cloud4y\">Telegram<\/a><\/noindex>-kanal\u0131m\u0131za abun\u0259 olun, n\u00f6vb\u0259ti m\u0259qal\u0259ni qa\u00e7\u0131rmay\u0131n! H\u0259ft\u0259d\u0259 yaln\u0131z iki d\u0259f\u0259 yaz\u0131r\u0131q v\u0259 yaln\u0131z laz\u0131ml\u0131 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 t\u0259qdim edirik.<br \/>\n<br \/>M\u0259nb\u0259: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/467711\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0444\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439 (IoT). \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0451\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f, \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0451\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0444\u0442\u0430 \u0438.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/iot-tuman-i-oblaka-pogovorim-pro-tehnologii\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.0.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47IoT, \u0442\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438? 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