{"id":39018,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:25","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kniga-sozdanie-smart-kontraktov-solidity-dlya-blokchejna-ethereum-prakticheskoe-rukovodstvo\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:25","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:25","slug":"kniga-sozdanie-smart-kontraktov-solidity-dlya-blokchejna-ethereum-prakticheskoe-rukovodstvo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/news\/kniga-sozdanie-smart-kontraktov-solidity-dlya-blokchejna-ethereum-prakticheskoe-rukovodstvo","title":{"rendered":"Kitab \"Ethereum Blockchain \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Solidity A\u011f\u0131 T\u0259minatlar\u0131n\u0131n Yarad\u0131lmas\u0131. Praktik B\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7i\"","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kitab
\nBir ild\u0259n \u00e7oxdur ki, m\u0259n \"Ethereum blok\u00e7eynind\u0259 Solidity \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r yaratmaq. Praktik r\u0259hb\u0259rlik\" adl\u0131 kitab \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ram, v\u0259 indi bu i\u015f tamamland\u0131, kitab n\u0259\u015fr olundu v\u0259 Litres-d\u0259 m\u00f6vcuddur.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\u00dcmid edir\u0259m ki, kitab\u0131m Solidity il\u0259 a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 Ethereum blok\u00e7eyni \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn paylanm\u0131\u015f t\u0259tbiql\u0259rin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na tez ba\u015flama\u011fa k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259c\u0259k. O, praktiki tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qlar il\u0259 12 d\u0259rsd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Onlar\u0131 tamamlayan oxucu \u00f6z lokal Ethereum d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rini yarada, a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri yerl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n metodlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131raraq, real d\u00fcnya il\u0259 a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda m\u0259lumat m\u00fcbadil\u0259si apararaq, Rinkeby test \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k. <\/p>\n

Kitab, blok\u00e7eyn texnologiyalar\u0131nda qabaqc\u0131l bilikl\u0259r\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 maraql\u0131 v\u0259 perspektivli i\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n h\u0259r k\u0259s \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da kitab\u0131n m\u0259zmunu v\u0259 birinci f\u0259slini (h\u0259m\u00e7inin Litres-d\u0259<\/a><\/noindex> kitab\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131 da m\u00f6vcuddur). Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f, \u015f\u0259rhl\u0259r v\u0259 t\u0259klifl\u0259r alma\u011f\u0131 \u00fcmid edir\u0259m. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k kitab redaksiyas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayark\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaca\u011f\u0131m.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nM\u00fcnd\u0259ricat<\/b>Giri\u015f<\/b>Kitab\u0131m\u0131z, yaln\u0131z Ethereum blok\u00e7eyni prinsipl\u0259rini anlamaqla yana\u015f\u0131, bu \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259d\u0259 Solidity proqramla\u015fd\u0131rma dilind\u0259 paylanm\u0131\u015f t\u0259tbiql\u0259rin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 praktiki bilikl\u0259r \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu kitab\u0131 sad\u0259c\u0259 oxumaq yerin\u0259, d\u0259rsl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259svir olunan praktiki tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qlar\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k daha yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, yerli komp\u00fcter, virtual v\u0259 ya bulud serveri il\u0259 Debian v\u0259 ya Ubuntu OS qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, bir \u00e7ox tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qlar\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Raspberry Pi-d\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/p>\n

Birinci d\u0259rs <\/b>Ethereum blok\u00e7eyni prinsipl\u0259rini v\u0259 \u0259sas terminologiyan\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259c\u0259k, h\u0259m\u00e7inin bu blok\u00e7eynin harada istifad\u0259 oluna bil\u0259c\u0259yini izah ed\u0259c\u0259yik. <\/p>\n

\u0130kinci d\u0259rsin m\u0259qs\u0259di Ethereum-un \u00f6z\u0259l blok\u00e7eyni d\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc yaratmaqd\u0131r ki, bu da bu kurs \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 Ubuntu v\u0259 Debian serverind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Biz, blok\u00e7eynimizd\u0259ki d\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259sini t\u0259min ed\u0259n geth kimi \u0259sas utilitl\u0259rin qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini m\u00fczakir\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yik, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259mi\u015f m\u0259lumat saxlama xidm\u0259ti olan swarm-da demonu.<\/b> \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u0259rs<\/p>\n

sizi Raspberry Pi-d\u0259 uy\u011fun qiym\u0259tli eksperimentl\u0259ri aparma\u011fa \u00f6yr\u0259d\u0259c\u0259k. Siz Raspberry Pi-d\u0259 Rasberian \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemini, blok\u00e7eynin d\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259sini t\u0259min ed\u0259n Geth utilitini, h\u0259m\u00e7inin m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259mi\u015f m\u0259lumat saxlama xidm\u0259ti Swarm-da demonu qura\u015fd\u0131racaqs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/b> D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u0259rs<\/p>\n

Ethereum \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259 hesablar v\u0259 kriptovalyuta biriml\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunur v\u0259 Geth konsolundan bir hesabdan dig\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259saitl\u0259rin k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si yollar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. Siz hesablar yaradacaq, v\u0259sait k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatacaqs\u0131n\u0131z, \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini v\u0259 onun kvitansiyas\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259ksiniz.<\/b> Be\u015finci d\u0259rsd\u0259<\/p>\n

Ethereum \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259 a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olacaqs\u0131n\u0131z, onlar\u0131n Ethereum virtual ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n nec\u0259 icra edildiyini \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259c\u0259ksiniz.<\/b> \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 Ethereum, \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 Ethereum. <\/p>\n

Siz Ethereum \u00f6z\u0259l \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259 ilk smart m\u00fcqavil\u0259nizi yaradacaq v\u0259 yay\u0131mlayacaq, onun funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 nec\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Remix Solidity IDE inki\u015faf m\u00fchitind\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, solc paket t\u0259rtib\u00e7isini qura\u015fd\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 istifad\u0259sini \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259c\u0259ksiniz.
\nEyni zamanda, Application Binary Interface (ABI) adlanan ikili t\u0259tbiq interfeysi haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131q v\u0259 onun istifad\u0259 etm\u0259yi \u00f6yr\u0259d\u0259c\u0259yik.<\/p>\n

Alt\u0131nc\u0131 d\u0259rs<\/b> Solidity smart m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n Node.js alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan JavaScript skriptl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na h\u0259sr olunub.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu, Debian v\u0259 Rasberian \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemind\u0259 Node.js qura\u015fd\u0131racaq, Ethereum \u00f6z\u0259l \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259 smart m\u00fcqavil\u0259ni yay\u0131mlamaq v\u0259 onun funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn skriptl\u0259r yazacaqs\u0131n\u0131z. <\/p>\n

Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, skriptl\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 adi hesablar aras\u0131nda v\u0259 smart m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin hesablar\u0131na v\u0259sait k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259yi \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259c\u0259ksiniz.<\/p>\n

Yeddinci d\u0259rs<\/b> Solidity smart m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn populyar olan Truffle inteqrasiya m\u00fchitini qura\u015fd\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259yi \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. JavaScript skriptl\u0259ri yaradacaqs\u0131n\u0131z, truffle-contract modulu vasit\u0259sil\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131racaq v\u0259 Truffle vasit\u0259sil\u0259 smart m\u00fcqavil\u0259nizi test ed\u0259c\u0259ksiniz.<\/p>\n

S\u0259kkizinci d\u0259rs<\/b> Solidity m\u0259lumat tipl\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunub. Z\u0259ngin v\u0259 z\u0259nginsiz tam \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259r, i\u015far\u0259li \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259r, s\u0259tirl\u0259r, \u00fcnvanlar, m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259nl\u0259r, massivl\u0259r, enumerasiyalar, strukturlar v\u0259 l\u00fc\u011f\u0259tl\u0259r kimi m\u0259lumat tipl\u0259ri il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n smart m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r yaradacaqs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Doqquzuncu d\u0259rs<\/b> Ethereum \u0259sas \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn smart m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri yaratma\u011fa bir add\u0131m daha yax\u0131nla\u015facaqs\u0131n\u0131z. Truffle vasit\u0259sil\u0259 Geth \u00f6z\u0259l \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 Rinkeby test \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri yay\u0131mlama\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. Rinkeby \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259 smart m\u00fcqavil\u0259ni debug etm\u0259kl\u0259 \u0259sas \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259y\u0259 yay\u0131mlamadan \u0259vv\u0259l \u00e7ox faydal\u0131d\u0131r - orada dem\u0259k olar ki, h\u0259r \u015fey ger\u00e7\u0259kdir, amma pulsuz.<\/p>\n

D\u0259rs \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 Rinkeby test \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sinin d\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc yaradacaq, onu v\u0259saitl\u0259 dolduracaq v\u0259 smart m\u00fcqavil\u0259nizi yay\u0131mlayacaqs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

D\u0259rs 10<\/b> Ethereum Swarm-da paylanm\u0131\u015f veril\u0259nl\u0259r depolar\u0131na h\u0259sr olunub. Paylanm\u0131\u015f depolardan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259, Ethereum blok\u00e7eynd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259cmli veril\u0259nl\u0259rin saxlanmas\u0131na q\u0259na\u0259t edirsiniz. <\/p>\n

Bu d\u0259rs \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 yerli Swarm depolmas\u0131n\u0131 yaradacaq, fayllar\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 oxunmas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259c\u0259k, eyni zamanda fayl kataloqlar\u0131 il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. Daha sonra, Swarm-a Node.js-d\u0259n m\u00fcraci\u0259t etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn skriptl\u0259r yazacaqs\u0131n\u0131z v\u0259 Perl Net::Ethereum::Swarm modulu vasit\u0259sil\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259c\u0259ksiniz.<\/p>\n

D\u0259rs 11-in m\u0259qs\u0259di<\/b> Solidity smart m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn populyar Python proqramla\u015fd\u0131rma dilini v\u0259 Web3.py \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sini \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259kdir. Bu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259ni qura\u015fd\u0131racaq, smart m\u00fcqavil\u0259nin t\u0259rtibi v\u0259 yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131, eyni zamanda onun funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn skriptl\u0259r yazacaqs\u0131n\u0131z. Web3.py h\u0259m ayr\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 Truffle inteqrasiya m\u00fchitin\u0259 birlikd\u0259 istifad\u0259 edil\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n

12-ci d\u0259rsd\u0259<\/b> sizin m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rlanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 v\u0259 real d\u00fcnya aras\u0131nda \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259yi \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259c\u0259ksiniz oracle-lardan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259. Bu siz\u0259 veb saytlar\u0131ndan, IoT cihazlar\u0131ndan, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif al\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 sensorlardan m\u0259lumat \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k v\u0259 bu m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rlanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n bu cihazlara g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn faydal\u0131 olacaq. D\u0259rsin praktiki hiss\u0259sind\u0259 siz bir oracle yaradacaq v\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n M\u0259rk\u0259zi Bank\u0131n\u0131n sayt\u0131ndan USD-rubl m\u00fcbadil\u0259 kursunu \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259n a\u011f\u0131rlanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259 yaradacaqs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

D\u0259rs 1. Blok\u00e7eyn v\u0259 Ethereum \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si haqq\u0131nda q\u0131sa m\u0259lumat<\/b>D\u0259rsin m\u0259qs\u0259di:<\/b> Ethereum blok\u00e7eyninin i\u015f prinsipl\u0259ri, t\u0259tbiq sah\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 \u0259sas terminologiyas\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olmaq.
\nPraktiki tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qlar:<\/b> bu d\u0259rsd\u0259 t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 (\u041f\u041e) inki\u015faf etdir\u0259n bir m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis yoxdur ki, blok\u00e7eyn (Blockchain) texnologiyas\u0131, kriptovalyutalar (Cryptocurrency v\u0259 ya Crypto Currency), bitcoin (Bitcoin), ilkin coin yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 (ICO, Initial coin offering), a\u011f\u0131rlanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r (Smart Contract) v\u0259 blok\u00e7eyn il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li dig\u0259r anlay\u0131\u015flar v\u0259 terminl\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 he\u00e7 n\u0259 e\u015fitm\u0259sin.<\/p>\n

Blok\u00e7eyn texnologiyas\u0131 yeni bazarlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131r v\u0259 proqram\u00e7\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015f yerl\u0259ri yarad\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r siz kriptovalyuta texnologiyalar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 a\u011f\u0131rlanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin b\u00fct\u00fcn inc\u0259likl\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259nirsinizs\u0259, bu bilikl\u0259rin t\u0259tbiqind\u0259 he\u00e7 bir problem ya\u015famamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Dem\u0259liyik ki, kriptovalyutalar v\u0259 blok\u00e7eyn il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 daudz spekulyasiyalar yaran\u0131r. Biz kriptovalyutalar\u0131n qiym\u0259t d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri, piramidalar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, kriptovalyuta qanunvericiliyi v\u0259 s. bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259ri bir k\u0259nara qoyaca\u011f\u0131q. Bizim t\u0259hsil kursumuz \u0259sas\u0259n Ethereum blok\u00e7eynind\u0259 a\u011f\u0131rlanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259tbiqi v\u0259 bel\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lan desentraliz\u0259 olunmu\u015f t\u0259tbiql\u0259rin (Distributed Application, DApp) inki\u015faf\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n

Blok\u00e7eyn n\u0259dir<\/h3>\n

\nBlok\u00e7eyn (Blockchain, Block Chain) m\u0259lumat bloklar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 bir-birin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 z\u0259nciridir. Z\u0259ncirin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 birinci blok, ilkin blok (genesis block) v\u0259 ya genetik blok adlan\u0131r. Onun ard\u0131nca ikinci, sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc v\u0259 s. g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu m\u0259lumat bloklar\u0131 avtomatik olaraq blok\u00e7eyn \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sinin \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 nodlar\u0131nda \u00e7oxald\u0131l\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, blok\u00e7eyn m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131n desentraliz\u0259 olunmu\u015f saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259min edilir.
\nSiz blok\u00e7eyn sistemini bir \u00e7ox nodlardan (fiziki v\u0259 ya virtual serverl\u0259rd\u0259n) ibar\u0259t bir \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 kimi t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz v\u0259 bu nodlar m\u0259lumat bloklar\u0131 z\u0259ncirind\u0259ki b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri \u00e7oxald\u0131r. Bu, n\u0259h\u0259ng bir \u00e7ox serverli komp\u00fcter\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259yir, burada bu komp\u00fcterin nodlar\u0131 (serverl\u0259ri) d\u00fcnyada m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259r. V\u0259 siz d\u0259 komp\u00fcterinizi blok\u00e7eyn \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. <\/p>\n

Payla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0259lumat bazas\u0131<\/h4>\n

\nBlok\u00e7eni, b\u00fct\u00fcn bloklarin saxlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259n az bir d\u00fcy\u00fcn i\u015fl\u0259diyi m\u00fcdd\u0259tc\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k bir paylanm\u0131\u015f veril\u0259nl\u0259r bazas\u0131 kimi t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n

Paylanm\u0131\u015f veril\u0259nl\u0259r registri<\/h4>\n

\nBlok\u00e7eni, bu paylanm\u0131\u015f veril\u0259nl\u0259r v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar (transaksiyalar) registri kimi t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k olar. Bel\u0259 bir registrin dig\u0259r ad\u0131 \u2014 debet kitab\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Paylanm\u0131\u015f registr\u0259 veril\u0259nl\u0259r \u0259lav\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r, amma onlar\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 ya silinm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayanl\u0131q, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 kriptografik alqoritml\u0259rin t\u0259tbiqi, bloklar\u0131n z\u0259ncir\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi alqoritml\u0259rin t\u0259tbiqi v\u0259 veril\u0259nl\u0259rin m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259mi\u015f saxlanmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 edilir.<\/p>\n

Bloklar \u0259lav\u0259 edil\u0259rk\u0259n v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar (transaksiyalar) icra edil\u0259rk\u0259n \u00f6z\u0259l v\u0259 ictimai a\u00e7arlardan istifad\u0259 olunur. Bu a\u00e7arlar blok\u00e7enin istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rini m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, onlara yaln\u0131z \u00f6z veril\u0259nl\u0259r bloklar\u0131na daxil olmaq imkan\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n

Transaksiyalar<\/h4>\n

\nBlok\u00e7en, \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar (transaksiyalar) haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat\u0131 bloklarda saxlay\u0131r. Bu zaman k\u00f6hn\u0259, art\u0131q icra olunmu\u015f transaksiyalar\u0131 geri qaytarmaq v\u0259 ya d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Yeni transaksiyalar yeni, \u0259lav\u0259 olunmu\u015f bloklarda saxlan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 blok\u00e7en, d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259z formada b\u00fct\u00fcn transaksiyalar\u0131n tarixini yazmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, blok\u00e7en, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bank \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n\u0131n etibarl\u0131 saxlanmas\u0131, m\u00fc\u0259lliflik h\u00fcququ haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar, \u0259mlak sahibl\u0259rinin d\u0259yi\u015fiklik tarix\u00e7\u0259si v\u0259 s. \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Ethereum blok\u00e7eni, sistemin v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rini ehtiva edir. Transaksiyalar icra olunark\u0259n v\u0259ziyy\u0259t ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259n indiki v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fir. Transaksiyalar bloklarda yaz\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ctimai v\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l blok\u00e7enl\u0259r<\/h4>\n

\nBunu qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, dedikl\u0259rimiz yaln\u0131z m\u0259rk\u0259zi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n he\u00e7 bir fiziki v\u0259 ya h\u00fcquqi \u015f\u0259xs, d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqan\u0131 v\u0259 ya hakimiyy\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 oluna bilm\u0259y\u0259n, bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u0259sl\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131q blok\u00e7en \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn do\u011frudur.
\nBel\u0259 adlanan \u00f6z\u0259l blok\u00e7en \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259ri onlar\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tam n\u0259zar\u0259t alt\u0131nda saxlan\u0131l\u0131r, burada z\u0259ncirin b\u00fct\u00fcn bloklar\u0131n\u0131n tam d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r \u015fey m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Blok\u00e7enin praktiki t\u0259tbiql\u0259ri<\/h4>\n

\nBlok\u00e7enin n\u0259y\u0259 yararlana bil\u0259c\u0259yini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn?<\/p>\n

Q\u0131sa des\u0259k, blok\u00e7en, bir-birin\u0259 inanmayan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r v\u0259 ya \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 (m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri) t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 imkan tan\u0131y\u0131r. Blok\u00e7eni daxilind\u0259 saxlanan m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 (transaksiyalar, \u015f\u0259xsi m\u0259lumatlar, s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r, \u015f\u0259had\u0259tnam\u0259l\u0259r, m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r, y\u00fck s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri v\u0259 s.) yaz\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra saxtala\u015fd\u0131rmaq v\u0259 ya d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, blok\u00e7en \u0259sas\u0131nda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif n\u00f6v s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin etibarl\u0131 paylanm\u0131\u015f registrl\u0259rini yaratmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u018flb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, siz bilirsiniz ki, blok\u00e7enl\u0259rin \u0259sas\u0131nda adi ka\u011f\u0131z pullar\u0131 \u0259v\u0259z etm\u0259y\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f kripto valyuta sisteml\u0259ri yarad\u0131l\u0131r. Ka\u011f\u0131z pul, eyni zamanda, fiat (Fiat Money) olaraq adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
\nBlok\u00e7eyn, bloklara yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259zliyi t\u0259min edir, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onu kriptovalyuta sisteml\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. O, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r (hesablar) aras\u0131nda kripto v\u0259saitl\u0259rin m\u00fcbadil\u0259sinin b\u00fct\u00fcn tarixini saxlay\u0131r v\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir \u0259m\u0259liyyat izl\u0259nil\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Kriptovalyuta sisteml\u0259ri daxilind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar anonim ola bils\u0259 d\u0259, kriptovalyutan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 onu fiat pullara \u00e7evirm\u0259k ad\u0259t\u0259n kriptovalyuta varidat\u0131n\u0131n sahibinin \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. <\/p>\n

H\u0259min smarq-kontraktlar, Ethereum \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 olmaqla, \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n ba\u011flanma prosesini avtomatla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa v\u0259 onlar\u0131n icras\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan tan\u0131y\u0131r. Bu, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131n \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015finin Ether (efir) kriptovalyutas\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildiyi halda t\u0259sirli olur.<\/p>\n

Ethereum blok\u00e7eyni v\u0259 Solidity proqramla\u015fd\u0131rma dili il\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Ethereum smarq-kontraktlar\u0131, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r:<\/p>\n