{"id":41564,"date":"2020-02-11T20:44:15","date_gmt":"2020-02-11T17:44:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/skolko-mozhet-dlitsya-dolgostroj-kotoromu-suzhdeno-stat-shedevrom"},"modified":"2020-02-11T20:44:15","modified_gmt":"2020-02-11T17:44:15","slug":"skolko-mozhet-dlitsya-dolgostroj-kotoromu-suzhdeno-stat-shedevrom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/skolko-mozhet-dlitsya-dolgostroj-kotoromu-suzhdeno-stat-shedevrom","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir \u015fedevra \u00e7evril\u0259c\u0259k uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli tikinti n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam ed\u0259 bil\u0259r","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Bizim \u015firk\u0259t \u00ab\u0130NSISTEMS\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> b\u00f6y\u00fck v\u0259 ki\u00e7ik tikintil\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak edir. Biz art\u0131q Habrda tikinti layih\u0259l\u0259rimiz haqq\u0131nda yazm\u0131\u015f\u0131q<\/a><\/noindex>, bu g\u00fcn is\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6vrl\u0259rin m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m tikintil\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k t\u0259klif edirik ki, bunlar indiki standartlara g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00e7ox uzun s\u00fcrd\u00fc, amma n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 bu obyektl\u0259r d\u00fcnya memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n abid\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n

\"M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nM\u0259nb\u0259<\/a><\/noindex>
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r nec\u0259 tikilirdi<\/h2>\n

\n\u018fg\u0259r tikinti texnologiyalar\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf tarixini \u00abg\u0259ldim, g\u00f6rd\u00fcm, qazand\u0131m\u00bb ruhunda \u00fc\u00e7 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 q\u0131saldsaq, bel\u0259 olur: insan metal\u0131n metalurgiya yolu il\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 oluna bil\u0259c\u0259yini \u00f6yr\u0259nib, armatur-beton icad edir, buldozer in\u015fa edir. Tikintini ciddi sur\u0259td\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259n \u0259ks\u0259r mexanizml\u0259rin ixtiras\u0131 XX \u0259srd\u0259 ba\u015f verib. Ondan \u00f6nc\u0259 tikintid\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n \u0259l i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130nsana k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259n al\u0259tl\u0259r taxta vallar, \u00e7\u0259ng\u0259ll\u0259r v\u0259 qald\u0131rma mexanizml\u0259ri idi. Ad\u0259t\u0259n tikinti texnikas\u0131 tikinti yerind\u0259 haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131, tikinti tamamland\u0131qdan sonra is\u0259 s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn al\u0259tl\u0259rin sad\u0259 olmas\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011fa \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259sir etm\u0259diyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tikintini yaln\u0131z \u0259lav\u0259 i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc il\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn idi ki, bu da n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259\u00e7arpacaq b\u00fcdc\u0259l\u0259r olmadan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildi. Bel\u0259 v\u0259saitl\u0259r, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, m\u0259b\u0259dl\u0259rin v\u0259 katedrallar\u0131n tikintisin\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Burada z\u0259ruri olan i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259r say\u0131n\u0131 c\u0259ml\u0259m\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn idi ki, bu da tikintinin q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7atmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edirdi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u0130stanbulda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Aya Sofya Katedrali (537-ci il) c\u0259mi 6 ild\u0259 in\u015fa edilmi\u015fdir ki, bu da o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 55.6 m h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fckd\u0259ki bir m\u0259b\u0259d \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn inan\u0131lmaz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tli idi. Amma 6 il \u0259rzind\u0259 bu i\u015fd\u0259 10,000 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m bir qurulu\u015fun qiym\u0259ti budur - Stambulu simvoluna \u00e7evrilmi\u015f bu katedral. Bu katedral Xristian d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda 1000 ild\u0259n art\u0131q d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck katedral olaraq qald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc q\u0259d\u0259r bahal\u0131 olan tikinti materiallar\u0131 idi. Tarix\u00e7il\u0259r qeyd edirl\u0259r ki, dini qur\u011fular\u0131n tikintisi \u00e7ox bahal\u0131 idi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, amerikal\u0131 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131 Henri Kraus tikinti qar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 q\u0131z\u0131l il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k kitab\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00abQ\u0131z\u0131l da\u015f\u0131n\u00bb metaforas\u0131n\u0131 istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir: Katedral tikintisinin iqtisadiyyat\u0131. Bu kitabda o, orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 b\u0259zi Avropa katedrallar\u0131n\u0131n tikintisinin maliyy\u0259sini ara\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259qdim edir.<\/p>\n

H\u0259r bir \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z \u00abq\u0131z\u0131l\u00bb uzun tikintisi var - \u0130spaniyada (\u015f\u00f6hr\u0259tli Sagrada Fam\u00edlia), Kambocada (Angkor-Vat), \u00c7ind\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, Rusiyada. Bel\u0259 layih\u0259l\u0259r d\u00fcnya m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259l\u0259ri siyah\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tamamlama\u011fa layiqdir; n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r uzun \u00e7\u0259kils\u0259 d\u0259, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 onlar\u0131n tikintisi ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131 (dem\u0259k olar ki, ham\u0131s\u0131).<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m bir layih\u0259nin tikintisi n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kin\u0259 bil\u0259r, d\u00fcnya memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 abid\u0259si olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn?<\/p>\n

B\u00f6y\u00fck \u00c7in divar\u0131 \u2013 2000 il<\/h2>\n

\n\"M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nM\u0259nb\u0259<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyadak\u0131 \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur abid\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri, in\u015fas\u0131 2000 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259kdi. Divarlar\u0131n yolu \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rd\u0259n, \u00e7aylardan, da\u011flardan v\u0259 d\u00fczl\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir. Divar III \u0259srd\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259l ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 XVII \u0259srin ortas\u0131nda tamamlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Eyni anda divar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131nda 300,000-d\u0259n \u00e7ox insan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 is\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 2 milyon insan c\u0259lb edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130stifad\u0259 olunan xammal\u0131n miqdar\u0131 milyonlarla tonla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130n\u015faat prosesi zaman\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259r \u0259ks\u0259r hallarda materiallar\u0131 yerind\u0259 al\u0131rd\u0131lar. Divarlar qumdan haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131, dayan\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iki divar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 bo\u015fluq s\u0259rv\u0259nd\u0259n v\u0259 iyn\u0259d\u0259n doldurulurdu. Da\u011flarda divar emal edilm\u0259mi\u015f da\u015f v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif da\u011f qayalar\u0131ndan tikilirdi. \u0130ll\u0259r ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 texnologiyalar t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdi, yeni materiallar ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Ming dinastiyas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 in\u015fa olunan son hiss\u0259l\u0259r k\u0259rpic v\u0259 tikinti sementind\u0259n tikilmi\u015fdir - bu g\u00fcn etdiyimiz kimi.<\/p>\n

Maraql\u0131 fakt<\/b>: b\u0259zil\u0259ri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, divar kosmosdan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, amma bu, d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 t\u0259kzib edilmi\u015f bir \u015fayi\u0259dir.<\/p>\n

Sagrada Fam\u00edlia \u2013 137 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox<\/h2>\n

\n\u018fminik ki, bu, m\u0259qal\u0259nin ad\u0131n\u0131 oxudu\u011funuzda yada sald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ilk abid\u0259dir. Antonio Gaudi'nin layih\u0259si h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 tikilir. Bazilikan\u0131n ilk da\u015f\u0131 1882-ci ild\u0259 qoyulmu\u015fdur. Gaudi'nin \u00f6l\u00fcm ili olan 1926-c\u0131 ild\u0259, katedral yaln\u0131z d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc hiss\u0259si in\u015fa edilmi\u015fdi v\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r tikinti, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 100 illiyi zaman\u0131 tamamlanarsa, simvolik olar.<\/p>\n

Sagradada \u00f6z vebsayt\u0131 var<\/a><\/noindex>, burada bazilikan\u0131n XXI \u0259srd\u0259 tamamlanaca\u011f\u0131na dair optimistik bir proqnoz g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. Haz\u0131rda abid\u0259nin 70% tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 90,1 metr h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 (planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan 172,5 m) ehtimal edilir.<\/p>\n

Bu arada, h\u0259min vebsaytda ist\u0259nil\u0259n an onlayn kameraya qo\u015fulub tikinti v\u0259 ya b\u0259rpa i\u015fl\u0259rinin nec\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259di\u011fini \u015f\u0259xs\u0259n yoxlaya bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/p>\n

\"M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nM\u0259nb\u0259<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

1892-ci ild\u0259n olan bu arxiv c\u0131zmas\u0131nda M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Ail\u0259 kils\u0259sinin m\u0259scidinin in\u015fas\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 lift t\u0259svir olunur. Bu taxta konstruksiya k\u0259m\u0259rl\u0259r v\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t pul sistemini t\u0259msil edir - bu tip kran ilk d\u0259f\u0259 romal\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir v\u0259 2,5 tona q\u0259d\u0259r qald\u0131ra bilirdi.<\/p>\n

Maraql\u0131 fakt<\/b>: Barselona hakimiyy\u0259ti bildirdi ki, 1885-ci ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n tikinti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn he\u00e7 bir icaz\u0259 verilm\u0259diyin\u0259 dair he\u00e7 bir qeyd\u0259 rast g\u0259linm\u0259yib. V\u0259 budur, in\u015faat\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan 137 il sonra \u015f\u0259h\u0259r in\u015faat\u00e7\u0131lara 2026-c\u0131 il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r etibarl\u0131 lisenziya t\u0259qdim etdi. \u00dcmid ed\u0259k ki, onlar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259ri al\u0131nacaq!<\/p>\n

Ankor-Vat (Kamboca) \u2013 37 il<\/h2>\n

\n\"M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nM\u0259nb\u0259<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Angkor Wat was built between 1113 and 1150 AD. It is said that this temple was built not in 40 years, but in 400 years, which is incorrect. The confusion about the construction dates arose because Angkor Wat was at the heart of the Khmer Empire \u2013 in the city of Angkor, and some consider the years of city construction (which is exactly 400 years) as the years of the temple\u2019s construction.<\/p>\n

The building is a three-tiered pyramid oriented to the west. The construction of the temple proceeded from the center to the periphery. From any viewpoint, only three of the five towers are visible, so even by modern standards, Angkor Wat is an architectural marvel.<\/p>\n

5 million tonnes of sandstone, used for the construction of the temple, were dragged by workers from a quarry located 50 km away. About 300,000 people and 6,000 elephants participated in the construction of this architectural wonder, which are depicted in the illustration.<\/p>\n

The Khmer structure belongs to a transitional stage in construction technology: brick and stone reproduce the forms and techniques of wooden architecture. For instance, the carvings on the walls imitate bamboo screens.<\/p>\n

Maraql\u0131 fakt<\/b>: The temple complex at Angkor Wat is so famous that Cambodians even placed its image on their flag.<\/p>\n

Cologne Cathedral \u2013 632 years<\/h2>\n

\n\"M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nM\u0259nb\u0259<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

6 centuries \u2013 is a worthy example of the German approach: if you do something, do it well, even if it takes a long time. When the cathedral, begun in 1248, was completed in the late 19th century, it became the tallest building in the world (157 m). Later, the record was surpassed by the cathedral in Ulm (161 m) and skyscrapers in the USA. It is important to clarify that the construction of Cologne Cathedral did not continue for the entire 632 years: in 1437, construction was halted due to a lack of funds and technology. By that time, the walls, choir, south tower, and the basis of the nave were ready, but the roof was poorly constructed and did not protect the interior of the temple from the weather. To finish the cathedral in the 19th century, more than 20 years were spent restoring the part that had already been built earlier.<\/p>\n

Want to ask how much the construction cost? In today's money, it totaled over 1 billion euros. More than 500 people worked in the cathedral workshop, using the most modern construction technologies, such as the crawler lifting system or steam engines.<\/p>\n

Maraql\u0131 fakt<\/b>: The cathedral has 11 bells, one of which (Decke Pitter<\/a><\/noindex>) is the largest functioning bell in the world. It was cast in 1923 and weighs 24 tons.<\/p>\n

Milan Cathedral \u2013 579 years<\/h2>\n

\n\"M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nM\u0259nb\u0259<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kiml\u0259r almanlarla g\u00f6yd\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259rin tikintisind\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259t apara bil\u0259rdi? T\u0259bii ki, italyanlar. Avropan\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck, d\u00fcnyada is\u0259 be\u015finci en b\u00f6y\u00fck kils\u0259si olan Milandak\u0131 Katedral, italiyan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck Renaissance heyk\u0259lt\u0259ra\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 b\u0259st\u0259kar\u0131 Donatello (1386) do\u011fuldu\u011fu ild\u0259n ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, The Beatles \"Rubber Soul\" (1965) albomunu \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r tamamlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Tikinti, italiyan standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 bel\u0259 uzun s\u00fcrd\u00fc - 579 il. V\u0259 dilimizd\u0259 \"fabbrica del duomo\" (kils\u0259nin tikintisi) ifad\u0259si yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu ifad\u0259, bir \u015feyi tamamlama\u011fa \u00e7ox zaman\u0131n getdiyini ifad\u0259 edir.<\/p>\n

Tikintid\u0259 78 avropal\u0131 memar i\u015ftirak edib. Bina \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 terakota k\u0259rpicd\u0259n tikil\u0259c\u0259kdi, lakin daha sonra Majiore g\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u0259n g\u0259tirilmi\u015f kondol merm\u0259ri istifad\u0259 edildi. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n fasad\u0131n qeyri-homojen g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259si meydana g\u0259ldi: pink, a\u011f v\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q-grey hiss\u0259l\u0259r var. Merm\u0259ri tikinti sah\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 x\u00fcsusi kanallar qaz\u0131ld\u0131.
\n\u00a0
\nKatedralin tamamlanmas\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259n, ba\u015fqa he\u00e7 kim deyil, Napolean Bonapartd\u0131r. XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259, \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri i\u015f\u011fal etdikd\u0259n sonra, o, d\u00fcz Duomoda taxt qurmaq ist\u0259yirdi v\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 tikintini t\u0259cili olaraq ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq laz\u0131m idi. Onun \u015f\u0259xsi s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 taxt m\u00fckafat\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l fasad\u0131n t\u0259rtibat\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259dil\u0259 tamamland\u0131.
\n\u00a0
\nT\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, italiyanlar Duomo di Milano-nu tamamlayark\u0259n, binan\u0131n ilk in\u015fa edilmi\u015f hiss\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 b\u0259rpa edilm\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac duydu.<\/p>\n

Maraschino fakt:<\/b> Napolean\u0131n taxt qura bil\u0259c\u0259yind\u0259n sonra da tikinti davam etdi. XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r kils\u0259nin b\u0259z\u0259dilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259r apar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131: yeni vitrajlar, heyk\u0259ll\u0259r v\u0259 dig\u0259r b\u0259z\u0259k elementl\u0259ri \u0259lav\u0259 edilirdi. Yaln\u0131z 1965-ci ild\u0259 tikinti tam olaraq ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Paris M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s M\u0259ry\u0259m Katedralinin in\u015fas\u0131 - 182 il<\/h2>\n

\n\"M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nM\u0259nb\u0259<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Bina \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilk da\u015f 1163-c\u00fc ild\u0259 qoyulmu\u015fdur. Q\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259r 1245-ci ild\u0259 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 kils\u0259 is\u0259 1345-ci ild\u0259 bitmi\u015fdir. F\u0259rqli \u00fcslubda (gotik v\u0259 roman) v\u0259 h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259n\u0259n q\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 kils\u0259nin q\u0259rb t\u0259r\u0259fi, tikintiy\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif memarlar\u0131n qat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

Notre-Dame de Paris d\u00fcnyada ilk binalardan biri oldu ki, onun tikintisind\u0259 daxili xarici d\u0259st\u0259k vasit\u0259si olaraq arxal konteynallar istifad\u0259 olundu - ilk layih\u0259d\u0259 bu yox idi. Lakin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fckd\u0259 in\u015fa olunan nazik divarlar q\u0131r\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flayanda, kils\u0259nin \u0259traf\u0131nda xarici d\u0259st\u0259k binalar\u0131 in\u015fa edildi.<\/p>\n

Paris M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s M\u0259ry\u0259m Katedrali ilk gotik kils\u0259si oldu. Bu memarl\u0131q t\u0259rzi sonsuz g\u00f6yl\u0259r\u0259 do\u011fru bir meyl edir. O vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r he\u00e7 k\u0259s kils\u0259nin bu q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck v\u0259 z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259n q\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259rin (69 m) olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etmirdi. Bu m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m tikintinin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qald\u0131rma mexanizml\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131na geni\u015f diqq\u0259t yetirildi.<\/p>\n

\"M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nM\u0259nb\u0259<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Maraschino fakt:<\/b> 1296 v\u0259 1313-c\u00fc ill\u0259r\u0259 aid Parisd\u0259ki vergi hesabatlar\u0131 iki qad\u0131n da\u015f ustas\u0131, plit\u0259 ustas\u0131 v\u0259 gips ustas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fundan x\u0259b\u0259r verir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259, katedralin tikintisind\u0259 qad\u0131n in\u015faat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015ftirak etm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\"M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nM\u0259nb\u0259<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

15 aprel 2019-cu ild\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya Notr-Dam de Parisin yan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 izl\u0259yirdi. G\u00fccl\u00fc yan\u011f\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 minar\u0259, dam v\u0259 saatlar itirildi. XIX v\u0259 XIII \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 aid d\u00f6\u015f\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r ziyan g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u0130ndi b\u0259rpa i\u015fl\u0259ri apar\u0131l\u0131r ki, ekspertl\u0259rin fikrinc\u0259, buna \u0259n az\u0131 5 il laz\u0131m olacaq.<\/p>\n

* * *<\/h2>\n

\nKe\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, indi b\u00f6lg\u0259nin iqtisadi resurslar\u0131 tikintinin s\u00fcr\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7ox da t\u0259sir etmir: uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli tikintil\u0259r h\u0259m Vladivostokda, h\u0259m d\u0259 Moskva da yarana bil\u0259r. S\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r \u0259srl\u0259r boyu d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259z qal\u0131b \u2013 r\u0259hb\u0259rlik d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si, valyuta m\u0259z\u0259nn\u0259sinin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si, idar\u0259etm\u0259 \u015firk\u0259tinin m\u0259suliyy\u0259tsizliyi, tikinti sah\u0259sind\u0259 a\u015fkar olunan ekoloji mane\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 s. H\u0259r bir konkret halda tikintinin dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olanlar\u0131 tapmaq \u00e7\u0259tin deyil, lakin obyektl\u0259 n\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131m oldu\u011fu \u00e7ox vaxt tam olaraq ayd\u0131n deyil. \u018fslind\u0259 variantlar o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 \u00e7ox deyil: uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli tikintil\u0259ri \"oldu\u011fu kimi\" saxlay\u0131b yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q klasterl\u0259rin\u0259, m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 platformalar\u0131na, base-jumping obyektl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259k olar. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan b\u00fct\u00fcn q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 tamamlama\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fa bil\u0259rsiniz. V\u0259 ya h\u0259r \u015feyi s\u00f6k\u00fcb h\u0259min yerd\u0259 yeni tikintiy\u0259 ba\u015flamaq olar. M\u00fcasir tikinti m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri \u0259vv\u0259lki n\u0259sill\u0259rin s\u0259hvl\u0259rini daha tez-tez analiz etm\u0259lidirl\u0259r ki, i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 onlardan qa\u00e7s\u0131nlar. V\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r tikinti h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 uzan\u0131rsa, \u00fcmid ed\u0259k ki, n\u0259s\u0259 fantastik in\u015fa edirl\u0259r.
\n\u00a0
\nSiz m\u00fcasir tikilil\u0259rd\u0259n hans\u0131n\u0131 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259ri hesab edirsiniz? Onlar\u0131n tikintisi n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0259kdi?
\n
M\u0259nb\u0259: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043f\u043e \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 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