{"id":52258,"date":"2019-11-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-03T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/litsenziya-dlya-proektov-s-otkrytym-ishodnym-kodom-kotoraya-obyazyvaet-polzovatelej-ne-prichinyat-vred"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:59:56","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:59:56","slug":"litsenziya-dlya-proektov-s-otkrytym-ishodnym-kodom-kotoraya-obyazyvaet-polzovatelej-ne-prichinyat-vred","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/news\/litsenziya-dlya-proektov-s-otkrytym-ishodnym-kodom-kotoraya-obyazyvaet-polzovatelej-ne-prichinyat-vred","title":{"rendered":"\u0130stifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri \"z\u0259r\u0259r verm\u0259m\u0259y\u0259\" m\u0259cbur ed\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259 layih\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn lisenziya;","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Salam, Habr! Sizi m\u0259qal\u0259nin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f edir\u0259m \u00ab\u0130stifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin z\u0259r\u0259r verm\u0259m\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n A\u00e7\u0131q M\u0259nb\u0259 Lisenziyas\u0131\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> m\u00fc\u0259llif Klint Finley.<\/p>\n

\"\u0130stifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri
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\n\u00c7in \u00fcz tan\u0131ma texnologiyalar\u0131n\u0131 istifad\u0259 edir<\/a><\/noindex>, uy\u011fur m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n\u0131 izl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn. AB\u015e h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259ri \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259li terroristl\u0259ri \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dronlardan istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r<\/a><\/noindex>, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 yax\u0131nl\u0131qdak\u0131 m\u00fclki \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259ri. AB\u015e Miqrasiya v\u0259 G\u00f6mr\u00fck \u0130dar\u0259si \u2014 Meksika s\u0259rh\u0259dind\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131 q\u0259f\u0259sd\u0259 saxlayanlar \u2014 b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcasir t\u0259\u015fkilatlar kimi \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t v\u0259 koordinasiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn proqramlardan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kims\u0259 bu i\u015fi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ed\u0259n kodu yazmal\u0131d\u0131r. Getdikc\u0259 daha \u00e7ox inki\u015faf etdirici i\u015f\u0259g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259nl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 etik olmayan m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z i\u015fl\u0259rinin istifad\u0259sini dayand\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 xahi\u015f edir. Google i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259ri \u015firk\u0259ti dronlar\u0131n qeydl\u0259rini analiz ed\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259ri dayand\u0131rma\u011fa inand\u0131rd\u0131lar<\/a><\/noindex>, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Pentaqon \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bulud hesablama tenderl\u0259rin\u0259 i\u015ftirak etm\u0259yi dayand\u0131rd\u0131lar. Microsoft i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259ri \u015firk\u0259tin Miqrasiya polisi il\u0259<\/a><\/noindex> v\u0259 h\u0259rbi birlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na etiraz etdil\u0259r, lakin az m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tl\u0259.<\/p>\n

Amma art\u0131q yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f proqram\u0131n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00e7\u0259tindir, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 bu proqram a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259dirs\u0259. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, ke\u00e7\u0259n ay Set Vargo a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259li proqram\u0131n\u0131n bir hiss\u0259sini<\/a><\/noindex> online anbarlardan sil\u0259r\u0259k Miqrasiya polisinin potensial istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si \u0259leyhin\u0259 etiraz etdi. Lakin a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259 kodu s\u0259rb\u0259st \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 kopyalan\u0131b yay\u0131labileceyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, silin\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn kod tezlikl\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 tap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Korolina \u0130da Emki kolegiyalara \u00f6z proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n nec\u0259 istifad\u0259sin\u0259 daha \u00e7ox n\u0259zar\u0259t verm\u0259k ist\u0259yir. Onun yeni \u00abHipokrat Lisenziyas\u0131\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> ist\u0259nil\u0259n m\u0259qs\u0259d \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn paylan\u0131la v\u0259 modifikasiya oluna bil\u0259r, bir b\u00f6y\u00fck istisna il\u0259: proqram f\u0259rdi \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r, korporasiyalar, h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 ya sisteml\u0259r v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259, fiziki v\u0259 ya psixoloji sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011fa, h\u0259m\u00e7inin f\u0259rdi \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin v\u0259 ya qruplar\u0131n iqtisadi v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r rifah\u0131na aktiv v\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dli z\u0259r\u0259r ver\u0259n qruplar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n istifad\u0259 oluna bilm\u0259z, BMT-nin \u00dcmumi \u0130nsan Haqlar\u0131 B\u0259yannam\u0259sin\u0259 zidd olaraq.<\/p>\n

\u00abZ\u0259r\u0259r verm\u0259k\u00bbin m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259qiq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k \u00f6zl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tin v\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259lidir, lakin Emki bu lisenziyan\u0131n m\u00f6vcud beyn\u0259lxalq standartlara ba\u011flan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 qeyri-m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nliyi azaltaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131r. \u00ab\u0130nsan haqlar\u0131 b\u0259yannam\u0259si \u2014 z\u0259r\u0259rin n\u0259 oldu\u011fu v\u0259 konkret olaraq insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259 oldu\u011funu geni\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f 70 illik bir s\u0259n\u0259ddir\u00bb \u2014 qeyd etdi Emki.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, bu, olduqca c\u0259sar\u0259tli bir t\u0259klifdir, lakin Emki bel\u0259 b\u0259yanatlara g\u00f6r\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131r<\/a><\/noindex>. 2014-c\u00fc ild\u0259 o, \"\u0130\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n Davran\u0131\u015f Kodu\" adl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259 layih\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilk davran\u0131\u015f qaydalar\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 skeptisizm il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131land\u0131, lakin 40,000-d\u0259n \u00e7ox a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259 layih\u0259si bu qaydalar\u0131 q\u0259bul etdi, Google-un s\u00fcni intellekt platformas\u0131 TensorFlow-dan tutmu\u015f Linux n\u00fcv\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r.
\nAmma indiki zamanda az sayda insan \"Hipokrat Lisenziyas\u0131\" alt\u0131nda material d\u0259rc edir, h\u0259tta Emi \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 bunu istifad\u0259 etmir. Lisenziya h\u0259l\u0259 h\u00fcquqi raz\u0131la\u015fmalar ke\u00e7m\u0259lidir, bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Emi bir h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnas kiray\u0259l\u0259yib, \u00fcst\u0259lik, dig\u0259r lisenziyalarla uy\u011funluq da daxil olmaqla m\u00fcxt\u0259lif mane\u0259l\u0259r yarana bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Emi, m\u00fch\u0259ndisl\u0259rin \u00f6z i\u015fl\u0259rini lisenziyalama \u00fcsulunu d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sinin insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 pozuntular\u0131n\u0131 durdurmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul edir. Ancaq o, insanlara m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r, h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n strukturlar\u0131n kodlar\u0131ndan cinay\u0259tl\u0259r t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etm\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparma vasit\u0259si verm\u0259k ist\u0259yir.
\nQeyri-kommersiya t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131q M\u0259nb\u0259 \u0130nisiyativi bildirdi ki, a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259 proqramlar\u0131 \"\u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 ya \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r qrupuna qar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik etm\u0259m\u0259lidir\" v\u0259 \"bel\u0259 proqramlar\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n i\u015f sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259sin\u0259 mane olmamal\u0131d\u0131rlar\".<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 pozuntular\u0131 \"m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n i\u015f sah\u0259l\u0259ri\" olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131rmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r (\u015f\u0259rh.<\/i> burada ironiya hiss olunur), \u00e7\u00fcnki Emi h\u0259l\u0259 \"Hipokrat Lisenziyas\u0131n\u0131\" OSI-y\u0259 r\u0259y \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn r\u0259smi olaraq t\u0259qdim etm\u0259yib. Lakin ke\u00e7\u0259n ay bir tvitd\u0259<\/a><\/noindex> t\u0259\u015fkilat bildirdi ki, bu lisenziya s\u0259rb\u0259st proqram t\u0259rifi il\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lmir. OSI-nin h\u0259mt\u0259sis\u00e7isi Br\u00fcs Pires d\u0259 \u00f6z \u015f\u0259xsi bloqunda yazd\u0131<\/a><\/noindex>, bu lisenziyan\u0131n onlar\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n verilmi\u015f t\u0259rifin\u0259 zidd oldu\u011funu qeyd etdi.<\/p>\n

Emi, OSI-nin t\u0259rifinin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259 inki\u015faf etdirici icmas\u0131n\u0131 bir araya g\u0259tirm\u0259k v\u0259 ya yeni bir t\u0259rif yaratmaq \u00fcmidind\u0259dir. \"M\u0259n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u0259m ki, OSI-nin t\u0259rifi \u00e7ox k\u00f6hn\u0259lib, - Emi qeyd etdi. - Hal-haz\u0131rda a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259 icmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259linin alt\u0131nda texnologiyalar\u0131n, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, fa\u015fistl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 mane olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq vasit\u0259l\u0259r yoxdur.\"<\/p>\n

Emki'nin endi\u015feleri, di\u011fer geli\u015ftiricilerle de payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Pop\u00fcler a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak veri i\u015fleme platformu Hadoop'un ortak kurucusu Michael Kafarella, ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, kendisinin hayal bile edemedi\u011fi ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc, bunlar aras\u0131nda Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Ajans\u0131 da var. '\u0130nsanlar\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kimin ve nas\u0131l kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 iyi bir \u015fey. Ki\u015fisel olarak en \u00e7ok endi\u015felendi\u011fim \u015fey, yeni projeleri de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve uygulamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli m\u00fchendislik kaynaklar\u0131na sahip olan otoriter devletlerin istismarlar\u0131d\u0131r. Hippokrat Licensesi'nin bu gibi istismarlara kar\u015f\u0131 durmak i\u00e7in yeterli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir deneyimim yok,' dedi.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k kaynak tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 etik meseleleri dikkate alacak \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a uzun ve tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi var. Emki, a\u00e7\u0131k kodun zarar verme amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen bir lisans yazmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ilk ki\u015filerden biri de\u011fil. B\u00f6ylelikle, e\u015fler aras\u0131 GPU hesaplama arac\u0131: Global \u0130\u015flem Birimi<\/a><\/noindex> 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda askeri kullan\u0131ma yasaklayan bir lisans alt\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu t\u00fcr \u00f6nlemlerin etkisi \u015fimdiye kadar pek az oldu, ancak bu durum de\u011fi\u015febilir. Bu y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda onlarca yaz\u0131l\u0131m projesi,<\/a><\/noindex> Anti-996 lisans\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti ve bu lisans, \u00c7in teknoloji \u015firketlerindeki korkun\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki haberlerin ard\u0131ndan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n yerel ve uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f standartlar\u0131na uymalar\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyor. Emki, ABD G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Polisi'nin eylemlerine y\u00f6nelik toplumsal tepkinin, teknoloji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ti\u011fini umuyor ve bunun bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131lar\u0131, bir ki\u015fiye kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k, di\u011ferine kapal\u0131 olan bir kod i\u00e7in yeni bir terim benimseme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret ediyor. 'Belki de yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 'a\u00e7\u0131k' olarak adland\u0131rmay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p 'iyi ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k' olarak adland\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z,' Vargo, daha \u00f6nce yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Polisi'ne protesto amac\u0131yla silen programc\u0131, Twitter'da yazd\u0131.<\/a><\/noindex>, o proqram\u00e7\u0131, \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 \u0130mmiqrasiya Polisinin \u0259leyhin\u0259 etiraz olaraq kodunu silmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

'A\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu yaz\u0131l\u0131m' terimi 1990'lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda '\u00fccretsiz yaz\u0131l\u0131m' alternatif olarak benimsenmi\u015fti ve o d\u00f6nemde belirli ideolojik unsurlarla ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015fti. \u015eimdi ise, geli\u015ftiriciler giderek daha ideolojik bir tutum benimsemeye ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a, belki de yeni bir terim i\u00e7in zaman gelmi\u015ftir.
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M\u0259nb\u0259: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abAn Open Source License That Requires Users to Do No Harm\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Klint Finley. \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0446, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0439\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d. \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 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