{"id":52714,"date":"2019-11-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-14T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/trigeneratsiya-alternativa-tsentralizovannomu-energosnabzheniyu"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:30","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:30","slug":"trigeneratsiya-alternativa-tsentralizovannomu-energosnabzheniyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/news\/trigeneratsiya-alternativa-tsentralizovannomu-energosnabzheniyu","title":{"rendered":"\u00dc\u00e7genenerasiya: m\u0259rk\u0259zi enerji t\u0259chizat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn alternativ","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Avropan\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259, burada paylanm\u0131\u015f n\u0259sil obyektl\u0259ri haz\u0131rda b\u00fct\u00fcn istehsal\u0131n dem\u0259k olar ki, 30%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edir, Rusiyada is\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, paylanm\u0131\u015f enerji 5-10%-d\u0259n \u00e7ox deyil. G\u0259lin, Rusiya'n\u0131n paylanm\u0131\u015f energetikas\u0131n\u0131n <\/a><\/noindex>d\u00fcny\u0259vi tendensiyalara \u00e7atmaq \u015fanslar\u0131 var m\u0131, istehlak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n is\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil enerji t\u0259minat\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259lm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn motivasiyalar\u0131 n\u0259dir.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\u00dc\u00e7genenerasiya:M\u0259nb\u0259<\/a><\/noindex>
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

R\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259rd\u0259n k\u0259nar. F\u0259rql\u0259ri tap\u0131n<\/h2>\n

\nHal-haz\u0131rda Rusiyada v\u0259 Avropada elektrik enerjisi istehsal\u0131n\u0131n paylanma sistemind\u0259ki f\u0259rql\u0259r yaln\u0131z r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131r \u2014 \u0259slind\u0259, bunlar h\u0259m struktur, h\u0259m d\u0259 iqtisadi perspektivd\u0259n tamamil\u0259 f\u0259rqli modell\u0259rdir. Rusiyada paylanm\u0131\u015f n\u0259silin inki\u015faf\u0131, Avropada oldu\u011fu kimi \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi yanacaq n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kompensasiya etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 alternativ enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n ikincil enerji resurslar\u0131) enerjibalans\u0131na daxil edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn motivl\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259nir. Rusiyada is\u0259, planl\u0131 iqtisadiyyat\u0131n v\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f tarif sisteminin \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 enerji resurslar\u0131n\u0131n alq\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259rin azald\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha az aktual idi, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z elektrik istehsal\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259nl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck enerji istehlak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olduqlar\u0131 zaman v\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qo\u015fulmaqda \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 hallara aid idi.<\/p>\n

Paylanm\u0131\u015f energetikaya g\u00f6r\u0259, \u00f6z istehsal obyektl\u0259ri olduqca y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u00fcc\u0259 malik idi \u2014 istehsalat\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259trafdak\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 enerji v\u0259 istilik t\u0259min etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 10-dan 500 MVt-\u0259 (v\u0259 daha da yuxar\u0131) q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015firdi. \u0130stinin uzun m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli itkil\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin \u00f6z ehtiyaclar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn su q\u0131zd\u0131rma kazanlar\u0131n\u0131n aktiv in\u015fas\u0131 gedirdi. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, \u00f6z enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri \u2014 ist\u0259r TPP, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 kazanlar, qaz, mazut v\u0259 ya k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u0259 in\u015fa edilirdi, yenil\u0259n\u0259 bil\u0259n enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 ikincil enerji resurslar\u0131 yaln\u0131z bir ne\u00e7\u0259 halda t\u0259tbiq olunurdu. \u0130ndi m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fir: t\u0259dric\u0259n ki\u00e7ik elektrik istehsal\u0131 obyektl\u0259ri yaran\u0131r v\u0259 enerji balans\u0131na, n\u0259inki daha az olsa da, alternativ enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri daxil edilir.<\/p>\n

Q\u0259rbd\u0259 ki\u00e7ik istehsal\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr v\u0259 son d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 virtual elektrik stansiyas\u0131 (VES) konsepsiyas\u0131 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu, elektrik istehsal\u0131n\u0131n bazar\u0131ndak\u0131 \u00e7ox sayda oyun\u00e7unu birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n bir sistemdir \u2014 istehsal\u00e7\u0131lar (\u00f6z\u0259l evl\u0259rin ki\u00e7ik generatorlar\u0131ndan tutmu\u015f, kohenereasiya stansiyalar\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r) v\u0259 istehlak\u00e7\u0131lar (\u015f\u0259xsi evl\u0259rd\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r). VES enerji istehlak\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259nziml\u0259yir, pikl\u0259ri y\u00fcng\u00fcll\u0259\u015fdirir v\u0259 m\u00f6vcud sistemin b\u00fct\u00fcn imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k y\u00fck\u00fc real vaxt rejimind\u0259 yenid\u0259n paylay\u0131r. Ancaq bu c\u00fcr evrim d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 istehsal bazar\u0131n\u0131 stimulla\u015fd\u0131rmadan v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq qanunvericilikd\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r olmadan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Rusiyada m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f elektrik t\u0259chizat\u0131 sistemind\u0259ki s\u0259rt r\u0259qab\u0259t v\u0259 monopoliya \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 istehsal olunan elektrik enerjisinin art\u0131q hiss\u0259l\u0259rinin xarici \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259y\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259ll oluna bils\u0259 d\u0259, t\u0259\u015fkilatla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 prosesi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ri bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ox da asan bir i\u015f deyil. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, indiki d\u00f6vrd\u0259 paylanm\u0131\u015f enerji obyektl\u0259rinin b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259minat\u00e7\u0131larla tam i\u015ftirak etm\u0259 \u015fans\u0131 \u00e7ox azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bununla bel\u0259, bu g\u00fcn \u00f6z istehsal\u0131n\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259k, m\u00fctl\u0259q trenddir. Onun art\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas amili enerji t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n etibarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stehsal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n elektrik istehsal ed\u0259n v\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 olan as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskl\u0259ri art\u0131r\u0131r. Rusiyadak\u0131 \u0259ks\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck istehsal obyektl\u0259ri h\u0259l\u0259 SSR\u0130 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 in\u015fa edilib, v\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli ya\u015f\u0131 hiss olunmaqdad\u0131r. S\u0259naye istehlak\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn enerji t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istehsal\u0131n dayanmas\u0131 v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259 \u00e7arpan itkil\u0259rl\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259nir. Riskl\u0259ri azaltmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n istehsal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iqtisadi motivl\u0259ri (\u0259sas\u0259n regional t\u0259minat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n tarif siyas\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir) v\u0259 investisiya imkanlar\u0131 varsa, \u00f6z istehsal\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k tamamil\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011fruldur v\u0259 daha \u00e7ox s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259si bu yolla getm\u0259yi ist\u0259y\u0259nd\u0259 (ya da bu imkan\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irir).<\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, Rusiyada \"\u00f6z ehtiyaclar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\" paylanm\u0131\u015f elektrik istehsal\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf perspektivl\u0259ri nisb\u0259t\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6z istehsal. Kim\u0259 s\u0259rf\u0259lidir<\/h2>\n

\nH\u0259r bir proyektin iqtisadiyyat\u0131 tamamil\u0259 f\u0259rdidir v\u0259 \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 amill\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir. \u018fg\u0259r m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan \u0259n \u00e7ox \u00fcmumil\u0259\u015fdirs\u0259k, elektrik istehsal\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011fu, elektrik v\u0259 istilik tarifl\u0259rinin daha y\u00fcks\u0259k oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, \u00f6z elektrik istehsal\u0131 \u2014 enerji resurslar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 x\u0259rcl\u0259rini \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 azaltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn obyektiv bir \u015fansd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Buraya, elektrik \u015febekelerinin zay\u0131f geli\u015fti\u011fi veya hi\u00e7 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zor ve seyrek n\u00fcfuslu b\u00f6lgelerin de d\u00e2hil oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. Bu t\u00fcr yerlerde elektrik tarifeleri kesinlikle en y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcketici ve enerji tedarik\u00e7isi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n az oldu\u011fu, \u00fcretilen elektri\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n HES'lerden sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde tarifeler belirgin \u015fekilde daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu t\u00fcr projelerin sanayide ekonomik getirisi her zaman y\u00fcksek olmayabilir. Ancak alternatif yak\u0131t kullanma imkan\u0131na sahip belirli sekt\u00f6rlerdeki i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in kendi \u00fcretim tesisleri m\u00fckemmel bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olabilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki resimde \u2014 ah\u015fap i\u015fleme tesislerine ait at\u0131klardan olu\u015fan bir Taty\u00fck tesisinin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\"\u00dc\u00e7genenerasiya:
\nE\u011fer kamu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131, toplu binalar ve ticari ve sosyal altyap\u0131 \u00fczerindeki projelerden bahsediyorsak, bu t\u00fcr projelerin ekonomik durumu uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca b\u00f6lgedeki enerji altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fim d\u00fczeyi ve enerji t\u00fcketicilerinin teknolojik ba\u011flant\u0131 maliyeti ile b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde belirlenmi\u015ftir. \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc jenerasyon teknolojilerinin geli\u015fimi ile bu t\u00fcr s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00f6nemsiz hale gelmi\u015ftir. Yaz aylar\u0131nda at\u0131k veya \u00fcretilen \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n so\u011futma ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelmi\u015ftir, bu da enerji merkezlerinin verimlili\u011fini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc jenerasyon: Elektrik, \u0131s\u0131 ve so\u011futma sa\u011flama<\/h2>\n

\n\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc jenerasyon, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn olduk\u00e7a \u00f6zerk bir geli\u015fim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Belirli bir nesnenin enerji ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya y\u00f6nelik olarak \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc jenerasyon konsepti ile ilk proje 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD Enerji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ORNL ulusal laboratuvar\u0131 ve BROAD firmas\u0131n\u0131n ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ve 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD'de hayata ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc jenerasyon, prensipte \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 ana enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullanarak so\u011futma ve \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretimi sa\u011flar. Bu \u015femada, kojenerasyon sistemlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi normal kazanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu bir ko\u015ful de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc jenerasyon, geleneksel \u0131s\u0131 ve elektri\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, do\u011fal so\u011futma ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in A\u00c7MH (so\u011futulmu\u015f su \u015feklinde) \u00fcretimini de sa\u011flar. Elektrik \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci, her durumda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda \u0131s\u0131l enerji kayb\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, jenerat\u00f6rlerin egzoz gazlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla).<\/p>\n

Bu istiliyi soyuq istehsal\u0131 prosesin\u0259 c\u0259lb etm\u0259k, birincisi, itkil\u0259ri minimuma endirir, d\u00f6vr\u00fcn yekun s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyini art\u0131r\u0131r, ikincisi is\u0259, soyuq istehsal\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi texnologiyalarla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 obyektin enerji istehlak\u0131n\u0131 azaltma\u011fa imkan verir.<\/p>\n

\u0130stilik m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri (isti su, su buxar\u0131, generator qur\u011fular\u0131ndan, kotlard\u0259n v\u0259 sobalardan \u00e7\u0131xan qazlar, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 yanacaq (t\u0259bii qaz, dizel yanaca\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 s.)) \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k imkan\u0131 ABXML\u0259rin f\u0259rqli obyektl\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259hz m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259nin \u0259lind\u0259 olan resursdan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, s\u0259nayed\u0259 ax\u0131nt\u0131 istiliyini istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

\"\u00dc\u00e7genenerasiya:
\n\u015e\u0259h\u0259r t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 obyektl\u0259rind\u0259, kommersiya v\u0259 ictimai binalarda is\u0259 istilik m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif kombinasiyalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

\"\u00dc\u00e7genenerasiya:
\n\"\u00dc\u00e7genenerasiya:
\n\"\u00dc\u00e7genenerasiya:
\nTirgenerasiya enerji m\u0259rk\u0259zi elektrik enerjisi t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259saslanaraq hesablana v\u0259 qurula bil\u0259r, yaxud obyektd\u0259 soyuq istehlak\u0131na dayanaraq. \u0130st\u0259nil\u0259n halda, istehlak\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f meyar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fir. Birinci halda, ABXMD\u0259 yan m\u0259hsul istiliyinin istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si tam olmayabilir, ikinci halda is\u0259 \u00f6z istehsal olunan elektrik enerjisind\u0259 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259t ola bil\u0259r (tamamlama xarici \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259d\u0259n al\u0131nan elektrik hesab\u0131na edilir).<\/p>\n

Nerada trigenerasiya s\u0259rf\u0259lidir<\/h2>\n

\nTexnologiyan\u0131n t\u0259tbiq diapazonu olduqca geni\u015fdir: trigenerasiya, h\u0259m bir ictimai m\u0259kana (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, b\u00f6y\u00fck ticar\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zi v\u0259 ya hava liman\u0131 binas\u0131) daxil olma\u011fa, h\u0259m d\u0259 s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin enerji infrastrukturu il\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l uy\u011funla\u015fa bil\u0259r. Bu c\u00fcr layih\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sinin m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011funlu\u011fu v\u0259 onlar\u0131n istehsal g\u00fcc\u00fc lokal iqtisadi v\u0259 iqlim \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259n, s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 istehsal olunan m\u0259hsulun qiym\u0259tind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk v\u0259 \u0259n vacib meyar \u2014 soyuq t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131d\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lan istifad\u0259si ictimai binalar\u0131n havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar i\u015f m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri, inzibati binalar, x\u0259st\u0259xana v\u0259 otel kompleksl\u0259ri, idman obyektl\u0259ri, ticar\u0259t-\u0259hali m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri v\u0259 akvaparklar, muzeyl\u0259r v\u0259 s\u0259rgi pavilyonlar\u0131, hava limanlar\u0131 binalar\u0131 \u2013 y\u0259ni eyni vaxtda bir \u00e7ox insanlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu he\u00e7 bir m\u00fchitd\u0259, rahat mikro iqlim yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259rk\u0259zi havaland\u0131rma sistemin\u0259 ehtiyac duyulan b\u00fct\u00fcn obyektl\u0259rdir.<\/p>\n

ABXML\u0259rin t\u0259tbiqi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n do\u011fru yer 20-30 min kvadrat metr (orta \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc i\u015f m\u0259rk\u0259zi) sah\u0259d\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 y\u00fcz min kvadrat metr v\u0259 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck n\u0259h\u0259ng obyektl\u0259r\u0259 (ticar\u0259t-\u0259hali m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri v\u0259 hava limanlar\u0131) q\u0259d\u0259rdir.<\/p>\n

Ancaq bel\u0259 obyektl\u0259rd\u0259 soyuq v\u0259 elektrik enerjisin\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 istilik t\u0259chizat\u0131na t\u0259l\u0259bat olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stilik t\u0259chizat\u0131 is\u0259 yaln\u0131z q\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda binalar\u0131n isitilm\u0259si deyil, eyni zamanda ilboyu isti su t\u0259minat\u0131d\u0131r. Trigenerasiya enerji m\u0259rk\u0259zinin imkanlar\u0131 daha s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259 olunduqca, onun effektivliyi art\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n h\u0259r yerind\u0259 otel sektoru, hava limanlar\u0131n\u0131n tikintisi v\u0259 modernl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri, i\u015f v\u0259 inzibati kompleksl\u0259r, m\u0259lumat m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri v\u0259 s\u0259naye \u2014 tekstil, metallurgiya, qida, kimya, sell\u00fcloz-ka\u011f\u0131z istehsal\u0131, ma\u015f\u0131nqay\u0131rma v\u0259 s. sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 trigenerasiyan\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r m\u00f6vcuddur.<\/p>\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u015firk\u0259td\u0259 \"\u0130lk m\u00fch\u0259ndis<\/a><\/noindex>\" \u00fc\u00e7enerji m\u0259rk\u0259zinin konsepsiyas\u0131n\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirmi\u015fik.<\/p>\n

T\u0259sis olunmu\u015f s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259sind\u0259 elektrik enerjisi istehlak\u0131 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 4 MW (iki qaz-\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fc qur\u011fu (Q\u00dcQ) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n istehsal olunur), 2.1 MW s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 soyuq t\u0259chizat\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edilir.<\/p>\n

Soyuq, Q\u00dcQ-nin \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f qazlar\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n bir absorsion bromlitium soyuducu ma\u015f\u0131nla istehsal olunur. Bu zaman bir Q\u00dcQ, ABX-nin istilik t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131n\u0131 100% t\u0259min edir. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, bir Q\u00dcQ i\u015fl\u0259dikd\u0259 bel\u0259, zavod h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 laz\u0131mi miqdarda soyuqla t\u0259min olunur. \u00dcst\u0259lik, h\u0259r iki qaz-\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fc qur\u011fu dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman ABX, t\u0259bii qaz\u0131n rezerv m\u0259nb\u0259yin\u0259 malik oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istilik v\u0259 soyuq istehsal etm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tini qoruyur.<\/p>\n

Trigenerasiya enerji m\u0259rk\u0259zi<\/h2>\n

\n\u0130stifad\u0259\u00e7inin t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259, kateqoriyas\u0131na v\u0259 rezervasiya t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, trigenerasiya sxemi (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr) \u00e7ox m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b ola bil\u0259r v\u0259 enerji v\u0259 su q\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 qazanlar, qazdan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n qazanlar, buxar v\u0259 ya qaz turbinl\u0259ri, tam su t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 v\u0259 s. daxil ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\"\u00dc\u00e7genenerasiya:<\/a><\/noindex>
\nAmma nisb\u0259t\u0259n ki\u00e7ik obyektl\u0259rd\u0259, \u0259sas enerji istehsal qur\u011fusu ad\u0259t\u0259n qaz turbinl\u0259ri v\u0259 ya nisb\u0259t\u0259n ki\u00e7ik elektrik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 (1-6 MW) malik qazl\u0131 v\u0259 ya dizel m\u00fch\u0259rrikind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Onlar elektrik enerjisi istehsal edir v\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f qazlar\u0131ndan v\u0259 isti sudan \u0259ld\u0259 edil\u0259n yan m\u0259hsulu ABX-d\u0259 utiliz\u0259 edir. Bu, \u0259sas avadanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n minimal v\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259stidir.<\/p>\n

\"\u00dc\u00e7genenerasiya:
\nB\u0259li, burada yard\u0131m\u00e7\u0131 sisteml\u0259r olmadan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil: soyutma q\u00fcll\u0259si, nasoslar, d\u00f6vri suyun m\u00fcalic\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn reaktiv emal stansiyas\u0131, onun sabitl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, avtomatla\u015fd\u0131rma sistemi v\u0259 istehsal olunan elektrik enerjisinin \u00f6z t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sini t\u0259min ed\u0259n elektrik t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu halda, trifuel enerji m\u0259rk\u0259zi ayr\u0131 bir bina, konteyner bloklar\u0131 ya da bu h\u0259ll\u0259rin birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sidir, \u00e7\u00fcnki elektro- v\u0259 istilik istehsal avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri bir q\u0259d\u0259r f\u0259rqlidir.<\/p>\n

Elektrik istehsal avadanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, texniki bax\u0131mdan daha m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b olsa da, ABBM-d\u0259n kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r standartla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onun istehsal m\u00fcdd\u0259ti 6-dan 12 aya v\u0259 h\u0259tta daha uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

ABBM-nin orta istehsal m\u00fcdd\u0259ti 3-6 ayd\u0131r (soyutma m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, isitm\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin say\u0131na v\u0259 n\u00f6vl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259).<\/p>\n

Ad\u0259t\u0259n, k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7i avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131n istehsal\u0131 eyni m\u00fcdd\u0259ti a\u015fmayacaq, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 trifuel enerji m\u0259rk\u0259zinin in\u015fas\u0131 layih\u0259sinin \u00fcmumi m\u00fcdd\u0259ti orta hesabla 1,5 ildir.<\/p>\n

N\u0259tic\u0259<\/h2>\n

\nBirincisi, trifuel enerji m\u0259rk\u0259zi enerji t\u0259dar\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rinin say\u0131n\u0131 bir\u0259 \u2013 qaz t\u0259chizat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na endir\u0259c\u0259k. Elektrik v\u0259 istilik al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 istisna ed\u0259r\u0259k, enerji t\u0259dar\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0259sintil\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ist\u0259nil\u0259n riskl\u0259ri aradan qald\u0131ra bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n

\u0130stilik enerjisi il\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n ucuz \"art\u0131q enerji\" istifad\u0259si, istehsal edil\u0259n elektrik v\u0259 istilik x\u0259rcini, onu almaqla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 azal\u0131r. \u0130stehsal g\u00fccl\u0259rinin ild\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fc y\u00fckl\u0259nm\u0259si (q\u0131\u015fda istilik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, yayda is\u0259 kondisioner v\u0259 texnoloji ehtiyaclar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn) maksimum s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyi t\u0259min edir. T\u0259bii ki, dig\u0259r layih\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, \u0259sas \u015f\u0259rt d\u00fczg\u00fcn konsepsiyan\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 v\u0259 onun texniki-iqtisadi \u0259sasland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u018flav\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchitin qorunmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stifad\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259n qazlar\u0131 faydal\u0131 enerji istehsal\u0131nda istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259, atmosfer\u0259 at\u0131lan tullant\u0131lar\u0131 azald\u0131r\u0131q. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi so\u011futma texnologiyalar\u0131ndan f\u0259rqli olaraq, burada soyuducu kimi ammonyak v\u0259 freon \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 su istifad\u0259 olunur, bu da ekoloji y\u00fck\u00fc minimuma endirir.
\n
M\u0259nb\u0259: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 30% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 5-10%. \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044b \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u0430 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\u00a0\u00a0 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440. 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