{"id":53198,"date":"2019-11-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-25T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/istoriya-obrazovatelnogo-po-pervye-personalnye-kompyutery-obuchayushhie-igry-i-soft-dlya-studentov"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:04","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:04","slug":"istoriya-obrazovatelnogo-po-pervye-personalnye-kompyutery-obuchayushhie-igry-i-soft-dlya-studentov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/news\/istoriya-obrazovatelnogo-po-pervye-personalnye-kompyutery-obuchayushhie-igry-i-soft-dlya-studentov","title":{"rendered":"T\u0259hsil proqram t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n tarixi: ilk \u015f\u0259xsi komp\u00fcterl\u0259r, \u00f6yr\u0259dici oyunlar v\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn proqramlar","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sonuncu d\u0259f\u0259 biz dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131q<\/a><\/noindex>, avtomatla\u015fd\u0131rma c\u0259hdl\u0259rinin t\u0259lim prosesini nec\u0259 60-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 o d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox inki\u015faf etmi\u015f PLATO sisteminin yaranmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu\u011funu. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcxt\u0259lif f\u0259nl\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 \u00e7oxlu d\u0259rslikl\u0259r haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Lakin PLATO-nun bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 var idi \u2014 t\u0259dris materiallar\u0131na yaln\u0131z x\u00fcsusi terminallara malik universitet t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri giri\u015fi \u0259ld\u0259 edirdi.<\/p>\n

Situasiya \u015f\u0259xsi komp\u00fcterl\u0259rin g\u0259lm\u0259si il\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, t\u0259dris proqramlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn universitetl\u0259r\u0259, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 evl\u0259r\u0259 daxil oldu. M\u00fcsahib\u0259ni davam ed\u0259k.<\/p>\n

\"T\u0259hsil<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u015e\u0259kil: Matthew Pearce<\/a><\/noindex> \/ CC BY<\/i><\/p>\n

Komp\u00fcter inqilab\u0131<\/h2>\n

\n\u015e\u0259xsi komp\u00fcterl\u0259rin inqilab\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olan cihaz Altair 8800<\/a><\/noindex> Intel 8080 mikroprosessoruna \u0259saslan\u0131r. Bu komp\u00fcter \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f \u015fina, sonrak\u0131 komp\u00fcterl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn de-fakt standart oldu. Altair-i 1975-ci ild\u0259 MITS \u015firk\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fch\u0259ndis Henri Edward Roberts inki\u015faf etdirib. B\u0259zi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlar\u0131na baxmayaraq \u2014 cihazda n\u0259 klaviatura, n\u0259 d\u0259 monitor var idi \u2014 \u015firk\u0259t ilk ayda bir ne\u00e7\u0259 min cihaz satd\u0131. Altair 8800-in m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259ti dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259xsi komp\u00fcterl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yol a\u00e7d\u0131.<\/p>\n

1977-ci ild\u0259 Commodore \u00f6z Commodore PET 2001 modelini bazara t\u0259qdim etdi. Bu metal qutuda 11 kiloqram a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olan komp\u00fcter art\u0131q 40x25 simvol h\u0259ll etm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik monitor v\u0259 giri\u015f qur\u011fusu il\u0259 t\u0259chiz olunmu\u015fdu. Eyni ild\u0259 Apple Computer \u00f6z Apple II modelini t\u0259qdim etdi. O, r\u0259ngli ekran, daxili BASIC dilinin \u015f\u0259rh\u00e7isini v\u0259 s\u0259s \u00e7\u0131xara bilm\u0259k x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tin\u0259 malikdir. Apple II adi istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn komp\u00fcter oldu, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onunla universitetd\u0259 texniki bilikl\u0259r\u0259 sahib olan m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r d\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Bu, \u0259lveri\u015fli t\u0259hsil proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi.<\/p>\n

Bir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 AB\u015e-dan m\u00fc\u0259llim Ann McCormick b\u0259z\u0131 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin oxuma s\u00fcr\u0259tinin \u00e7ox yava\u015f v\u0259 qeyri-m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n oldu\u011funa narahat idi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 o, u\u015faqlara t\u0259lim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni bir metodologiya haz\u0131rlamaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldi. 1979-cu ild\u0259 McCormick bir qrant qazand\u0131 v\u0259 Apple Education Foundation-dan Apple II ald\u0131. Stanforddan psixologiya doktoru Teri Perl v\u0259 Atari-d\u0259n proqram\u00e7\u0131 Joseph Warren il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k, o, The Learning Company<\/a><\/noindex>\u015firk\u0259tini qurdu. Birlikd\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259blil\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259dris proqramlar\u0131 inki\u015faf etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

1984-c\u00fc ild\u0259 The Learning Company u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn on be\u015f t\u0259hsil oyunu buraxm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Rocky\u2019s Boots, burada \u015fagirdl\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259ntiqi tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qlar\u0131 h\u0259ll edirdil\u0259r. Bu oyun, Proqram T\u0259chizat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Ticar\u0259t Assosiasiyas\u0131n\u0131n reytinqind\u0259 birinci yeri qazand\u0131. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, oxumaq v\u0259 yazmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6yr\u0259dici olan Reader Rabbit d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 burax\u0131ld\u0131. On il \u0259rzind\u0259 14 milyon n\u00fcsx\u0259 sat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n

\r\n \"Videonu\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\n1995-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u015firk\u0259tin g\u0259liri 53,2 milyon dollar s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131. U\u015faq Texnologiyalar\u0131 \u0130nceleme jurnal\u0131 redaktoru Warren Buckleitner h\u0259tta<\/a><\/noindex> \u00d6yr\u0259nm\u0259 \u015eirk\u0259ti \u00abT\u0259hsilin M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Qraal\u0131\u00bb. Onun s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Ann McCormick'in komandas\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin komp\u00fcterl\u0259rin n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00fccl\u00fc bir t\u0259hsil al\u0259ti ola bil\u0259c\u0259yini anlamaqda k\u00f6m\u0259k etdi.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fqa kiml\u0259r bu i\u015fl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011fuldur<\/h2>\n

\n80-ci ill\u0259rin birinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00d6yr\u0259nm\u0259 \u015eirk\u0259ti t\u0259hsil proqram t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n yegan\u0259 istehsal\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 deyildi. \u0130nki\u015faf etdirici oyunlar istehsal ed\u0259n<\/a><\/noindex> Optimum Resource, Daystar Learning Corporation, Sierra On-Line v\u0259 dig\u0259r ki\u00e7ik \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r. Lakin \u00d6yr\u0259nm\u0259 \u015eirk\u0259tinin u\u011furunu yaln\u0131z Br\u00f8derbund t\u0259krarlaya bildi - onu Doug v\u0259 Gary Carlston qarda\u015flar\u0131 (Doug and Gary Carlston) t\u0259qdim etdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Bir vaxtlar \u015firk\u0259t oyunlar haz\u0131rlay\u0131rd\u0131, onlar\u0131n \u0259n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f layih\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri - Prince of Persia'd\u0131r. Amma q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259n sonra qarda\u015flar diqq\u0259tl\u0259rini t\u0259dris m\u0259hsullar\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259ltdil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n portfelin\u0259 James Discovers Math v\u0259 Math Workshop daxil oldu, bunlar riyaziyyat\u0131n \u0259saslar\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, Amazing Writing Machine oxuma v\u0259 qrammatika \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Mieko: A Story of Japanese Culture - u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maraql\u0131 hekay\u0259l\u0259r \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 yapon tarixinin kursuna daxildir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nT\u0259tbiql\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r i\u015ftirak edirdi, onlar eyni zamanda bu proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259rs planlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlay\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u015eirk\u0259t, komp\u00fcter t\u0259hsili populyarla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 seminarlar ke\u00e7irir, istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ap edilmi\u015f t\u0259limatlar n\u0259\u015fr edir v\u0259 t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn proqram t\u0259minat\u0131na endiriml\u0259r t\u0259klif edirdi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Mieko: A Story of Japanese Culture'n\u0131n adi qiym\u0259ti 179,95 $, lakin m\u0259kt\u0259bin versiyas\u0131 dem\u0259k olar ki, iki d\u0259f\u0259 ucuz idi - 89,95 $.<\/p>\n

1991-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r Br\u00f8derbund AB\u015e-\u0131n t\u0259hsil proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 bazar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 birini tutdu. \u015eirk\u0259tin u\u011furlar\u0131 \u00d6yr\u0259nm\u0259 \u015eirk\u0259tinin diqq\u0259tini \u00e7\u0259kdi, bu da r\u0259qibi 420 milyon dollara sat\u0131n ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 proqram t\u0259minat\u0131<\/h2>\n

\nAli t\u0259hsil komp\u00fcter inqilab\u0131ndan k\u0259narda qalmad\u0131. 1982-ci ild\u0259 MIT m\u00fch\u0259ndislik ixtisas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir ne\u00e7\u0259 on \u0259d\u0259d PC sat\u0131n ald\u0131. \u0130lde sonra universitetd\u0259 IBM-in d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 \u00abAfina\u00bb layih\u0259si<\/a><\/noindex>. Korporasiya universitet\u0259 \u200b\u200bbir ne\u00e7\u0259 milyon dollar d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259 hesablama ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259hsil proqram t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn proqram\u00e7\u0131lar t\u0259qdim etdi. Yeni texnologiyalara b\u00fct\u00fcn ixtisaslarda t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 giri\u015f verildi, kampusda komp\u00fcter \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

80-ci ill\u0259rin sonunda MIT-d\u0259 UNIX \u0259sas\u0131nda t\u0259hsil infrastrukturu yarand\u0131 v\u0259 universitetin m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri dig\u0259r universitetl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn proqramlar haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar. T\u0259bii elml\u0259r f\u0259nnl\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kompleks sistem \u0259n u\u011furlu hesab edildi \u2014 universitetin \u0259m\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131 yaln\u0131z komp\u00fcterl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b kurs yazd\u0131lar, h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin bilikl\u0259rini yoxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sistem ba\u015flatd\u0131lar.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u00abAfina\u00bb universitetd\u0259 komp\u00fcterl\u0259rin v\u0259 proqram t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131n\u0131n ilk t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si oldu v\u0259 dig\u0259r t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ox\u015far layih\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u00fcmun\u0259 oldu.<\/p>\n

T\u0259hsil ekosisteminin inki\u015faf\u0131<\/h2>\n

\n1980-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 t\u0259hsil proqram t\u0259minat\u0131na maraq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131blar. 1983-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Bill Geytsl\u0259 olan razla\u015fmazl\u0131qlara g\u00f6r\u0259 Microsoft-u t\u0259rk ed\u0259n Pol Allen, Asymetrix Learning Systems \u015firk\u0259tini qurdu. Orada o, ToolBook adlanan t\u0259dris m\u0259zmunu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fchit inki\u015faf etdirdi. Sistem m\u00fcxt\u0259lif multimedia m\u0259hsullar\u0131\u2014kurslar, bilik v\u0259 bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259tbiql\u0259r, t\u0259qdimatlar v\u0259 referans materiallar\u0131 yaratma\u011fa imkan verirdi. 2001-ci ild\u0259 ToolBook, interaktiv elektron \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 vasit\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olaraq q\u0259bul edildi.<\/p>\n

Eyni zamanda, uzaqdan \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 ekosistemi d\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130lk \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc, Bell Northern Research-d\u0259n Steven Asbury, Jon Asbury v\u0259 Scott Welch t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n haz\u0131rlanan FirstClass proqram\u0131d\u0131r. Paket elektron po\u00e7t, fayl m\u00fcbadil\u0259si, sohbetl\u0259r, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 valideynl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn konfranslar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vasit\u0259l\u0259r daxildir. Sistem h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur v\u0259 yenil\u0259nir (OpenTex \u015firk\u0259tinin portfelinin bir hiss\u0259sidir)\u2014bu sistem\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 min t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259si v\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u00fczr\u0259 doqquz milyon istifad\u0259\u00e7i qo\u015fulub.<\/p>\n

\"T\u0259hsil
\n\u015e\u0259kil: Springsgrace<\/a><\/noindex> \/ CC BY-SA<\/i><\/p>\n

90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 internetin geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si t\u0259hsild\u0259 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti inqilaba s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. T\u0259hsil proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 davam etdi v\u0259 yeni bir inki\u015faf ald\u0131: 1997-ci ild\u0259 \u00abinteraktiv \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 m\u00fchiti\u00bb (Interactive Learning Network) konsepsiyas\u0131 yarand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bunun haqq\u0131nda biz n\u00f6vb\u0259ti d\u0259f\u0259 dan\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131q.<\/p>\n

\nBizim Habrda:<\/b><\/p>\n