{"id":53575,"date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/pravda-o-zheleznodorozhnyh-tormozah-chast-4-pribory-tormozheniya-passazhirskogo-tipa"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:29","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:29","slug":"pravda-o-zheleznodorozhnyh-tormozah-chast-4-pribory-tormozheniya-passazhirskogo-tipa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/pravda-o-zheleznodorozhnyh-tormozah-chast-4-pribory-tormozheniya-passazhirskogo-tipa","title":{"rendered":"D\u0259mir yolu tormozlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda h\u0259qiq\u0259t: 4-c\u00fc hiss\u0259 \u2014 s\u0259rni\u015fin tipli tormoz cihazlar\u0131","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00f6vb\u0259ti d\u0259f\u0259 stansiyada olark\u0259n, bir d\u0259qiq\u0259nizi ay\u0131r\u0131n v\u0259 qatardak\u0131 vaqonun alt t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259, m\u0259rk\u0259zi yerd\u0259ki yaz\u0131ya diqq\u0259t yetirin. Bu yaz\u0131 t\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil, vaqonun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f h\u0259min, sirli, \u015f\u0259rti tormoz hava paylay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n n\u00f6mr\u0259sini bildirir.
\nYaz\u0131, qatarda y\u00fcks\u0259k platformada dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bel\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onu qa\u00e7\u0131rmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

\"D\u0259mir
\nBu vaqonda \u2014 \"Ammdorf\", Tver vaqon istehsal\u0131 zavodunda \u0259sasl\u0131 t\u0259mir ke\u00e7ir\u0259n (KVR) hava paylay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 (HP) \u015f\u0259rti \u2116242 s\u0259rni\u015fin tipi. O, indi b\u00fct\u00fcn yeni v\u0259 \"KVR-d\u0259n ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f\" vaqonlara qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, daha \u0259vv\u0259lki 292-ci HP-nin yerin\u0259. Bu g\u00fcn bu tormoz cihazlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131q.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

1. Vestingauzun varisl\u0259ri<\/h1>\n

\n1520 mm geni\u015fliyind\u0259 d\u0259mir yollar\u0131nda istifad\u0259 olunan s\u0259rni\u015fin tipi hava paylay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u2014 Vestingauzun \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc klapan\u0131ndan irs al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f sad\u0259 dizayn il\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda bir n\u00f6v kompromisd\u0131r. Onlar y\u00fckl\u00fc analoqlar\u0131 q\u0259d\u0259r uzun v\u0259 dramatik bir inki\u015faf yolu ke\u00e7m\u0259yibl\u0259r. <\/p>\n

Hal-haz\u0131rda iki model istifad\u0259 olunur: hava paylay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 \u015f\u0259rti \u2116292 v\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 onun yerin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n (\u0259sas\u0259n RJD vaqon park\u0131nda) hava paylay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 \u015f\u0259rti \u2116242.<\/p>\n

Bu cihazlar dizayn bax\u0131m\u0131ndan f\u0259rql\u0259nir, amma \u00f6z istismar x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri bax\u0131m\u0131ndan dem\u0259k olar ki, ox\u015fard\u0131rlar. H\u0259r iki cihaz tormoz magistral\u0131ndak\u0131 (TM) v\u0259 ehtiyat tank\u0131ndak\u0131 (ET) iki t\u0259zyiq aras\u0131nda f\u0259rq \u0259sas\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259yir. H\u0259r ikisi tormoz zaman\u0131 tormoz magistral\u0131nda \u0259lav\u0259 bo\u015faltma t\u0259min edir: 292-ci, TM-i x\u00fcsusi bir m\u00f6h\u00fcrl\u0259nmi\u015f kamerada (\u0259lav\u0259 bo\u015faltma kameras\u0131) 1 litr h\u0259cml\u0259 bo\u015fald\u0131r, 242-ci is\u0259 birba\u015fa atmosfer\u0259. H\u0259r iki cihaz t\u0259cili tormozlaman\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259t art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259chiz olunub. H\u0259r ikisi d\u0259 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259li bo\u015faltma funksiyas\u0131na malik deyil \u2014 TM-d\u0259ki t\u0259zyiq, son tormozdan sonra ET-d\u0259 qalan t\u0259zyiqd\u0259n yuxar\u0131 olduqda, d\u0259rhal azad edirl\u0259r; des\u0259k, \"yum\u015faq\" bo\u015faltma x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tin\u0259 sahibdirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

M\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259li bo\u015faltma olmamas\u0131n\u0131n kompensasiyas\u0131 olaraq, h\u0259r iki cihaz vaqon \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259k ba\u015f\u0131na (amma ed\u0259 bils\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259) deyil, elektrik hava paylay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 \u015f\u0259rti \u2116305 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yir ki, bu da tormozlar\u0131n elektrik idar\u0259sini g\u0259tirir v\u0259 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259li bo\u015faltma imkan\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259n pnevmatik relay il\u0259 i\u015f sah\u0259sini t\u0259min edir.<\/p>\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u00fcasir olan 242 HP-ni v\u0259 el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 305 EHP-ni n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259k.<\/p>\n

Yenil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f 242 HP, EP20 elektrik lokomotivinin m\u00fch\u0259ndis ota\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 pnevmatik paneld\u0259<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n
\nEyni cihaz s\u0259rni\u015fin vaqonuna qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n
\n\u0130ndi bu cihaz\u0131n qurulu\u015fu v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 prinsipin\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r salaq.<\/p>\n

V\u0420 242-nin qurulu\u015funu izah ed\u0259n sxem: 1, 3, 6, 16 \u2014 kalibrl\u0259nmi\u015f de\u015fikl\u0259r; 2, 4 \u2014 filterl\u0259r; 5 \u2014 \u0259lav\u0259 bo\u015falman\u0131n m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 piston;
\n7, 10, 13, 21, 22 \u2014 yaylar; 8 \u2014 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f klapan\u0131; 9 \u2014 bo\u015f \u00e7ubuq; 11 \u2014 \u0259sas piston; 12 \u2014 \u0259lav\u0259 bo\u015falma klapan\u0131; 14 \u2014 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t d\u0259yi\u015fdirici d\u0259st\u0259k; 15 \u2014 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t d\u0259yi\u015fdirici piston; 17, 28 \u2014 pirs\u0259nl\u0259r; 18 \u2014 dayanma klapan\u0131; 19 \u2014 q\u0131r\u0131lma klapan\u0131; 20 \u2014 t\u0259cili m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259nin d\u0259yi\u015fdirici d\u0259st\u0259k; 23, 26 \u2014 klapanlar; 24 \u2014 de\u015fik; 25 \u2014 t\u0259cili \u0259yilm\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 piston; 27 \u2014 \u0259lav\u0259 bo\u015falmalar\u0131n m\u0259hdudla\u015fma klapan\u0131; \u0423\u041a \u2014 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259 kameras\u0131; \u0417\u041a \u2014 qapal\u0131 kamera; \u041c\u041a \u2014 magistral kamera; \u0422\u041c \u2014 dayanma magistral\u0131; \u0417\u0420 \u2014 ehtiyat rezervuar\u0131; \u0422\u0426 \u2014 dayanma silindri<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n
\nHava paylay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fin\u0259 nec\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131r? \u0130\u015f, y\u0259ni hava paylay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kameralar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rezervuar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131x\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hava il\u0259 doldurmaqla ba\u015flay\u0131r. Bu prosesl\u0259r, lokomotivi d\u0259posunda hava olmadan i\u015f\u0259 salark\u0259n, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn vaqonlar lokomotiv\u0259 qo\u015fulark\u0259n ba\u015f verir v\u0259 son klapan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r \u2014 qrup \"havaya\" \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Bu prosesi daha \u0259trafl\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259k<\/p>\n

V\u0420 242-nin doldurulma zaman\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n
\nBel\u0259likl\u0259, 0,5 MPa t\u0259zyiqind\u0259ki hava, al\u0259t\u0259 do\u011fru ir\u0259lil\u0259yir, U4 alt\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndiril\u0259n pistonun kameras\u0131n\u0131 dolduraraq, q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 il\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n kanaldan yuxar\u0131 gedir, filter 4 il\u0259, A kanal\u0131ndan magistral kamera (\u041c\u041a) daxil olub, \u0259sas piston 11-i a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan it\u0259l\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k yuxar\u0131 qalx\u0131r. \u00d6z bo\u015f \u00e7ubu\u011fu 9 il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f klapan\u0131 8-i a\u00e7\u0131r ki, bu da \u0259yl\u0259c silindrinin bo\u015flu\u011funu atmosferl\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirir. Eyni zamanda, filterd\u0259n hava, 28 \u00e7ubu\u011fu boyunca, kalibrl\u0259nmi\u015f de\u015fik 3 il\u0259, ehtiyat rezervuar\u0131na (sar\u0131 r\u0259ngd\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdir) daxil olur v\u0259 oradan \u0259sas pistonun (11) \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qapal\u0131 kameraya (\u0417\u041a) ke\u00e7ir.<\/p>\n

Bu proses, ehtiyat rezervuar\u0131, magistral v\u0259 qapal\u0131 kamerada t\u0259zyiqin \u0259yl\u0259c magistral\u0131ndak\u0131 doldurma t\u0259zyiqinin b\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam edir. \u018fsas piston neytral v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 qay\u0131daraq \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f klapan\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131r. Hava paylay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 haz\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir daha yaz\u0131ram - \u0422M-d\u0259 t\u0259zyiq sabit deyil, orada ki\u00e7ik s\u0131zmalar var, amma h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 olur. Y\u0259ni, \u0422M-d\u0259 t\u0259zyiq azal\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r t\u0259zyiqin azalmas\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259madi ritmd\u0259n az s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 gedirs\u0259, o zaman qapal\u0131 kameradan magistral kameraya 3-d\u0259n ke\u00e7ir. \u018fsas piston yerind\u0259 qal\u0131r v\u0259 \u0259yl\u0259c ba\u015f vermir.<\/p>\n

Tormoz x\u0259ttind\u0259 t\u0259zyiqin azald\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 xidm\u0259t tormozland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n tempi il\u0259 M\u041a-dak\u0131 t\u0259zyiq kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 azal\u0131r ki, \u0259sas piston a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etsin, qapaqlama kameras\u0131nda daha y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259zyiqin t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 istiqam\u0259td\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k, \u0259lav\u0259 bo\u015faltma 12-nin klapan\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0412\u0420 242-nin tormozlanma zaman\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti: \u0259lav\u0259 bo\u015faltma TM m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si.<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n
\nHava magistral kameradan, 12-nin klapan\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 K kanal\u0131 il\u0259, 28-in stoku boyunca atmosfer\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Tormoz x\u0259ttind\u0259 v\u0259 magistral kamerada t\u0259zyiq daha da azal\u0131r v\u0259 11 pistonunun h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya davam edir.<\/p>\n

\u0412\u0420 242-nin tormozlanma zaman\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti: tormoz silindrinin ilkin doldurulmas\u0131.<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n
\n\u018fsas pistonun 9-u olan bo\u015f stoku, \u00e7\u0131xma klapan\u0131ndak\u0131 s\u0131zmadan ayr\u0131l\u0131r, bel\u0259likl\u0259 ehtiyat rezervuardan havaya yol a\u00e7\u0131r, bu hava B kanal\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 qapaqlama kamer\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lir, 9-un stoku boyunca, G kanal\u0131ndan v\u0259 rejim a\u00e7ar\u0131ndan ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k tormoz silindrin\u0259 L kanal\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 daxil olur. Eyni zamanda, eyni hava D kanal\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 U2 kamer\u0259sin\u0259 daxil olur, 6 pistonuna t\u0259zyiq edir, bu da atmosferd\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259 bo\u015faltma kanal\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259sir. \u018flav\u0259 bo\u015faltma dayand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Eyni zamanda, 6 pistonunun stoku 28 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, radial kanallar rezin manjetl\u0259r il\u0259 ba\u011flan\u0131r, bu da magistral v\u0259 qapaqlama kameralar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bu, hava da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 tormozlanmaya daha h\u0259ssas edir \u2014 indi tormoz x\u0259ttind\u0259 t\u0259zyiqin h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir temp a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si \u0259sas pistonun h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 tormoz silindrinin doldurulmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olacaq.<\/p>\n

\u0412\u0420 242-nin tormozlanma zaman\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti: T\u0421-nin doldurulma tempinin d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si.<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n
\nTormoz cilindri \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tli, geni\u015f kanal vasit\u0259sil\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q tormoz klapan\u0131 18 il\u0259 doldurulur. Tormoz silindri doldurulark\u0259n, kalibrl\u0259nmi\u015f 16 delik vasit\u0259sil\u0259 U1 rejim a\u00e7ar\u0131n\u0131n kameras\u0131 da doldurulur. T\u0259zyiq kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r olduqda, 15-in alt\u0131nda olan yay s\u0131x\u0131l\u0131r, tormoz klapan\u0131 ba\u011flan\u0131r v\u0259 T\u0421 kalibrl\u0259nmi\u015f delik vasit\u0259sil\u0259 yava\u015f temp il\u0259 doldurulur. Bu, rejim a\u00e7ar\u0131n\u0131n 14-d\u0259 'D' (uzun d\u0259st\u0259li) v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckd\u0259 ba\u015f verir. Bu rejim, d\u0259st\u0259d\u0259ki vaqon say\u0131n\u0131n 15-d\u0259n \u00e7ox oldu\u011fu zaman t\u0259tbiq edilir. Bu, T\u0421-nin vaqonlarda doldurulmas\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatmaq v\u0259 tormozlar\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259sini t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn edilir.<\/p>\n

Q\u0131sa qatarlarda, 14 d\u00fcym\u0259si 'K' (q\u0131sa d\u0259st\u0259) v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 qoyulur. Bu halda, klapan 18-i a\u00e7araq mexaniki olaraq tormoz klapan\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131r v\u0259 T\u0421-nin s\u00fcr\u0259tli doldurulmas\u0131 h\u0259r zaman ba\u015f verir.<\/p>\n

Krana v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini ba\u011flamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ma\u015finist onu \u0259ksin\u0259 qoyduqda, \u0259yl\u0259c magistral\u0131nda t\u0259zyiqin d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si dayand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u018fyl\u0259c silindrinin dolmas\u0131, hava s\u0259rfiyyat\u0131 il\u0259, rezervuarda t\u0259zyiq d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam ed\u0259c\u0259k, bel\u0259likl\u0259, ventilli kamerada da t\u0259zyiq magistral kameradak\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259\u015f\u0259c\u0259k, y\u0259ni \u0259yl\u0259c magistral\u0131nda. Ba\u015f piston neytral v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 qay\u0131dacaq. T\u0421-nin dolmas\u0131 dayan\u0131r, ba\u011flanma ba\u015f verir.<\/p>\n

\u018fyl\u0259cl\u0259rin burax\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, ma\u015finist kran\u0131n qolu I v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 qoyur. Ba\u015f rezervuarlardan hava \u0259yl\u0259c magistral\u0131na ax\u0131r, orada t\u0259zyiqi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131r (0,7 \u2014 0,9 MPa-ya q\u0259d\u0259r, qatar\u0131n uzunlu\u011fundan as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq). Magistral kamerada V\u0420-nin t\u0259zyiqi d\u0259 art\u0131r, bu da ba\u015f pistonun yuxar\u0131ya do\u011fru h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259sin\u0259, 8-ci ventilin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur, burada \u0259yl\u0259c silindrl\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 U2 kamer\u0259sind\u0259n hava atmosfer\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. U2 kamerada t\u0259zyiqin d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si pistonun 6 v\u0259 \u00e7ubuq 28-in qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur, \u0259yl\u0259c magistral\u0131 v\u0259 rezervuar yenid\u0259n 3 sayl\u0131 burax\u0131c\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fir \u2014 rezervuar\u0131n doldurulmas\u0131 ba\u015f verir. <\/p>\n

B\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 rezervuar\u0131nda (\u0423\u0420) doldurma t\u0259zyiqi b\u0259rab\u0259r olduqda, ma\u015finist kran\u0131 II v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 qoyur (qatar v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti). TM-d\u0259 t\u0259zyiq tez bir zamanda \u0423\u0420-d\u0259ki s\u0259viyy\u0259y\u0259 b\u0259rpa olunur. Bu zaman, 3 sayl\u0131 burax\u0131c\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 rezervuarda t\u0259zyiq h\u0259l\u0259 doldurma s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7atmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r, ZR-in doldurulmas\u0131 davam edir, lakin art\u0131q daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 tempd\u0259. T\u0259dric\u0259n rezervuardak\u0131, magistral v\u0259 ventilli kameralardak\u0131 t\u0259zyiq doldurma il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259\u015fir. O zaman hava paylay\u0131c\u0131 yenid\u0259n yeni \u0259yl\u0259c \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ma\u015finist bax\u0131m\u0131ndan, t\u0259svir edil\u0259n prosesl\u0259r bel\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Videonu\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nV\u0420 242-nin ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f elementl\u0259rind\u0259n biri t\u0259cili \u0259yl\u0259c s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndiricisidir, sxem \u00fczr\u0259 onun yeri cihaz\u0131n sol t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259dir. Doldurma zaman\u0131, \u0259sas hiss\u0259nin hava paylay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259, s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirici d\u0259 hava il\u0259 doldurulur \u2014 25-ci pistonun alt\u0131ndak\u0131 v\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259ki bo\u015fluq, s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259 kameras\u0131 (\u0423\u041a) vasit\u0259sil\u0259. \u018fyl\u0259c magistral\u0131 v\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259 kameras\u0131 1 sayl\u0131 burax\u0131c\u0131 d\u0259lik vasit\u0259sil\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fir, bu d\u0259liyin diametri el\u0259dir ki, xidm\u0259t \u0259yl\u0259cl\u0259nm\u0259si zaman\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259 kamerada t\u0259zyiq \u0259yl\u0259c magistral\u0131ndak\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir v\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirici i\u015f\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

T\u0259cili \u0259yl\u0259c s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndiricisinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n
\nAncaq t\u0259zyiql\u0259rin s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 azalmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 - hava 3-4 saniy\u0259 \u0259rzind\u0259 \u0259yl\u0259c x\u0259ttind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r, t\u0259zyiql\u0259r b\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 imkan vermir, hava s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirici kameradan 25-\u0259 p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fcr v\u0259 bu da 19-da partlay\u0131c\u0131 ventili a\u00e7\u0131r, \u0259yl\u0259c x\u0259ttind\u0259 geni\u015f bir d\u0259lik a\u00e7\u0131r, buradan hava atmosfer\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r, prosesi a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, t\u0259cili \u0259yl\u0259c zaman\u0131, s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirici i\u015fl\u0259ndiyi zaman h\u0259r vaqonda \u0259yl\u0259c x\u0259ttind\u0259 bir p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndiricini s\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, onun nasazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131), x\u00fcsusi a\u00e7ar il\u0259, 20-d\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirici pistonunu \u00fcst m\u00f6vqed\u0259 bloklayan dayaq d\u00f6nd\u0259rilir.<\/p>\n

Bir \u00e7ox yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00f6z v\u0259 h\u0259rfl\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq, bu cihaz\u0131n reall\u0131qda olduqca sad\u0259 v\u0259 etibarl\u0131 bir qurulu\u015fu var. \u00d6nc\u0259ki versiyas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259, \u0412\u0420 292, bu, \u0259slind\u0259, istifad\u0259si il\u0259 kaprizli olan, cilalanma v\u0259 ya\u011flamaya ehtiyac\u0131 olan bacaq ventill\u0259ri ehtiva etmir, h\u0259m\u00e7inin a\u015f\u0131nmaya meyllidir.<\/p>\n

Hava yay\u0131lma cihaz\u0131 242 - m\u00fcst\u0259qil bir cihazd\u0131r, k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7il\u0259r olmadan da i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r. Ancaq s\u0259rni\u015fin vaqonlar\u0131nda v\u0259 lokomativl\u0259rd\u0259, o, ba\u015fqa bir cihazla birlikd\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, bu da adlan\u0131r<\/p>\n

2. Elektrik hava yay\u0131lma cihaz\u0131 (\u042d\u0412\u0420) \u015f\u0259rti \u2116305<\/h1>\n

\nBu cihaz s\u0259rni\u015fin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t vasit\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 elektrik-pnevmatik \u0259yl\u0259c sistemind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulub. Vaqonlar v\u0259 lokomotivl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0412\u0420 242 v\u0259 ya \u0412\u0420 292 il\u0259 birg\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0259rni\u015fin vaqonundak\u0131 \u0259yl\u0259c avadanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bloku bel\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/p>\n

\u00d6n planda - \u0259yl\u0259c silindri. Bir az ir\u0259lid\u0259, T\u0426-nin arxa divar\u0131na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f \u042d\u0412\u0420 305-in i\u015f kameras\u0131 var. Ona sol t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n elektrik hiss\u0259si ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r \u042d\u0412\u0420 305 il\u0259, t\u0259zyiq relaysi il\u0259, sa\u011f t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 - 292 hava yay\u0131lma cihaz\u0131. Ona ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kran vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u0259yl\u0259c x\u0259ttind\u0259n ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r (q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 r\u0259ng\u0259 boyanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r)<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir<\/p>\n

\u042d\u0412\u0420 305 qur\u011fusu: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 18 - hava kanallar\u0131; 4 - buraxma ventili; 5 - \u0259yl\u0259c ventili; 7 - atmosfer ventili; 8 - qidalanma ventili; 11 - diafraqma; 13, 17 - ke\u00e7id ventili bo\u015fluqlar\u0131; 15 - ke\u00e7id ventili; 16 - ke\u00e7id ventili s\u0131x\u0131c\u0131; \u0422\u0426 - \u0259yl\u0259c silindri; \u0420\u041a - i\u015f kameras\u0131; \u041e\u0412 - buraxma ventili; \u0422\u0412 - \u0259yl\u0259c ventili; \u0417\u0420 - ehtiyat rezarvuar; \u0412\u0420 - hava yay\u0131c\u0131;<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n\u042d\u0412\u0420 305 \u00fc\u00e7 \u0259sas hiss\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir: i\u015f kameras\u0131 (\u0420\u041a), ke\u00e7id ventili (\u041f\u041a) v\u0259 t\u0259zyiq relesi (\u0420\u0414). T\u0259zyiq rel\u0259si korpusunda buraxma 4 v\u0259 \u0259yl\u0259c ventill\u0259ri 5, elektromaqnitl\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 idar\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n

\u015earj zaman\u0131, ventil\u0259 enerji verilm\u0259yir, \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f klapan\u0131 i\u015f kameras\u0131 il\u0259 atmosferi birl\u0259\u015fdirir, \u0442\u043e\u0440\u043coz klapan\u0131 ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Tormoz x\u0259tind\u0259n hava, hava paylay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 EWR i\u00e7ind\u0259ki kanallar aras\u0131ndan ehtiyat rezidvara ke\u00e7ir, onu doldurur, lakin hava ba\u015fqa yer\u0259 getmir, \u00e7\u00fcnki diafragma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259ki bo\u015flu\u011fa giri\u015f, ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f tormoz klapan\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

EWR 305-in \u015farj zaman\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n
\nMashinist kran\u0131n Va v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 qoyulmas\u0131 il\u0259 EPT kabelin\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t (relsl\u0259r\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n) potensial t\u0259tbiq olunur v\u0259 h\u0259r iki ventil enerji al\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ventili i\u015f kameras\u0131 il\u0259 atmosferi ay\u0131r\u0131r, tormoz ventili is\u0259 diafragma RD-nin \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259ki bo\u015flu\u011fa hava yolunu a\u00e7\u0131r v\u0259 sonra i\u015f kamer\u0259sin\u0259.<\/p>\n

EWR 305-in tormozlanma zaman\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n
\n\u0130\u015f kameras\u0131nda v\u0259 diafragma \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259ki bo\u015fluqda t\u0259zyiq art\u0131r, diafragma a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 enir, 8 n\u00f6mr\u0259li qidaland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 klapan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, buradan hava \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirici klapan\u0131n sa\u011f bo\u015flu\u011funa daxil olur. Klapan\u0131n plombas\u0131 sola k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr v\u0259 havan\u0131 tormoz silindrin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ldir.<\/p>\n

Mashinist kran\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u0259 (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0448\u0443) qoyulmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 EPT kabelin\u0259 veril\u0259n g\u0259rginlik polaritetini d\u0259yi\u015fir, tormoz ventili qidaland\u0131r\u0131lan diod kilid olur, tormoz ventili enerji itirir, tormoz klapan\u0131 ba\u011flan\u0131r. \u0130\u015f kameras\u0131nda t\u0259zyiq art\u0131m\u0131na son qoyulur, tormoz silindrinin doldurulmas\u0131, daxilind\u0259ki t\u0259zyiq i\u015f kameras\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259\u015f\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam edir. Bu zaman membran orta v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131r, qidaland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 klapan ba\u011flan\u0131r. \u00d6lk\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7d\u00fcy\u00fc ba\u015f verir.<\/p>\n

EWR 305-in \u00f6l\u00e7d\u00fcy\u00fc zaman\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n
\n\u00c7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ventili h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 enerji al\u0131r, \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f klapan\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 saxlay\u0131r, i\u015f kameradan havan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131na mane olur.<\/p>\n

T\u0259chiz etm\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, machinist kran\u0131n qolu I v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 tam t\u0259chiz etm\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn v\u0259 II v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259li t\u0259chiz etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qoyur. H\u0259r iki halda, ventill\u0259r enerji itirir, \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f klapan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, i\u015f kameradan havan\u0131 atmosfer\u0259 bo\u015fald\u0131r. Tormoz silindrinin daxilind\u0259ki t\u0259zyiq t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259n\u0259n diafragma yuxar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259lir v\u0259 bo\u015fald\u0131c\u0131 klapan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131r, hava tormoz silindrind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.<\/p>\n

EWR 305-in t\u0259chiz etm\u0259 zaman\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti<\/i>
\n\"D\u0259mir
\n
\nT\u0259chiz etm\u0259 zaman\u0131 ikinci v\u0259ziyy\u0259t il\u0259 kran\u0131 yenid\u0259n \u00f6l\u00e7\u0259 (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0448\u0443) qoyulursa, i\u015f kameradan hava \u00e7\u0131xmayacaq, T\u0421-nin bo\u015fald\u0131lmas\u0131 is\u0259, i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259ki t\u0259zyiq i\u015f kameras\u0131nda qalan t\u0259zyiq il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259\u015f\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam ed\u0259c\u0259k. Bu, m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259li t\u0259chiz etm\u0259nin m\u00fcmk\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259min edir.<\/p>\n

Bu elektro-pnevmatik \u0442\u043e\u0440\u043coz sisteminin bir s\u0131ra x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri var. Birincisi, EPT x\u0259ttinin k\u0259silm\u0259si hal\u0131nda, \u0442\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0437lar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015f verir. Bu halda, ma\u015finist bir s\u0131ra m\u00fctl\u0259q, t\u0259limatla m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri yerin\u0259 yetirdikd\u0259n sonra pnevmatik \u0442\u043e\u0440\u043cozdan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 ke\u00e7ir. Y\u0259ni EPT avtomatik \u0442\u043e\u0440\u043coz deyil. Bu, sistemin bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi, EPT i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259rk\u0259n adi hava paylay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259dir, ehtiyat tank\u0131ndan s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 daima emal edir. Bu, elektro-pnevmatik \u0442\u043e\u0440\u043cozun s\u0259rf olunmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcsb\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, bu konstruksiya adi hava paylay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini tamamil\u0259 mane\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259tmir. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 EPT \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447uldu\u011fu zaman, \u0412\u0420 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0437 silindrini doldurark\u0259n, \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 ke\u00e7id vana sol t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259ki bo\u015flu\u011fu dolduracaq, i\u00e7ind\u0259ki blokun sa\u011f t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r, hava ehtiyat tank\u0131ndan \u0442\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0437 silindrin\u0259 ged\u0259n yolu a\u00e7\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu sisteml\u0259rin i\u015fini ma\u015finistin kabin\u0259sind\u0259n bel\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Videonu\r\n
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N\u0259tic\u0259<\/h1>\n

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P.S.: Fotomaterial \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Roman Biry\u00fckova t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcrl\u0259rimi bildirir\u0259m, h\u0259m\u00e7inin veb sayta www.pomogala.ru<\/a><\/noindex>, bu madd\u0259 ilah\u0259 material\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
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M\u0259nb\u0259: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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