{"id":53735,"date":"2019-12-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/nastoyashhee-summirovanie-internet-kanalov-openmptcprouter"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:40","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:40","slug":"nastoyashhee-summirovanie-internet-kanalov-openmptcprouter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastoyashhee-summirovanie-internet-kanalov-openmptcprouter","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nternet kanallar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259qiqi birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u2014 OpenMPTCPRouter","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u0130nternet
\n
\nBir ne\u00e7\u0259 internet kanal\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259 bil\u0259rmi? Bu m\u00f6vzu \u0259traf\u0131nda \u00e7ox sayda yanl\u0131\u015f anlamalar v\u0259 mifl\u0259r var, h\u0259tta t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259li \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 m\u00fch\u0259ndisl\u0259ri d\u0259 bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu bilmirl\u0259r. \u018fks\u0259r hallarda, kanallar\u0131n birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si NAT s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 balansla\u015fd\u0131rma v\u0259 ya failover il\u0259 yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131qla adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Amma h\u0259qiqi toplanma, bir t\u0259k TCP ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 eyni anda b\u00fct\u00fcn internet kanallar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 y\u00f6nl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 imkan tan\u0131y\u0131r<\/b>, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, video yay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259r\u0259k, h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir internet kanal\u0131n\u0131n k\u0259silm\u0259si zaman\u0131 yay\u0131m\u0131n k\u0259silm\u0259m\u0259sini t\u0259min edir. <\/p>\n

Bahal\u0131 kommersiya h\u0259ll\u0259ri var, amma bel\u0259 cihazlar\u0131n qiym\u0259ti minl\u0259rl\u0259 dollar ola bil\u0259r. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 pulsuz v\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q OpenMPTCPRouter paketinin konfiqurasiyas\u0131 t\u0259svir edilir, kanallar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 populyar mifl\u0259r \u015f\u0259rh olunur.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kanallar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda mifl\u0259r<\/h2>\n

\nBir \u00e7ox ev router-l\u0259ri Multi-WAN funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yir. B\u0259z\u0259n istehsal\u00e7\u0131lar bunu kanallar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 adland\u0131r\u0131r ki, bu da tamamil\u0259 d\u00fczg\u00fcn deyil. Bir \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisi, LACP<\/a><\/noindex> v\u0259 L2 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 toplanma xaricind\u0259, ba\u015fqa bir kanal birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131r. Telekommunikasiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlardan tez-tez e\u015fidir\u0259m ki, bu \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur mifl\u0259ri ara\u015fd\u0131raq. <\/p>\n

IP ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 balansla\u015fd\u0131rma<\/h2>\n

\nBu, eyni anda bir ne\u00e7\u0259 internet kanallar\u0131n\u0131 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n \u0259l\u00e7atan v\u0259 populyar \u00fcsuldur. Sad\u0259lik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259k ki, sizd\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 internet provayderi var, h\u0259r biri siz\u0259 \u00f6z \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259n real IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 t\u0259qdim edir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu provayderl\u0259r Multi-WAN funksiyas\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259n router-a qo\u015fulub. Bu, a\u00e7\u0131q WRT il\u0259 mwan3 pak\u0259ti, mikrotik, ubiquiti v\u0259 ya ba\u015fqa bir ev router-i ola bil\u0259r ki, haz\u0131rda bel\u0259 bir variant art\u0131q nadir deyil.<\/p>\n

V\u0259ziyy\u0259ti modell\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259k ki, provayderl\u0259r biz\u0259 bel\u0259 \u00fcnvanlar t\u0259qdim edibl\u0259r:<\/p>\n

WAN1 \u2014 11.11.11.11\nWAN2 \u2014 22.22.22.22\nWAN3 \u2014 33.33.33.33\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nY\u0259ni, uzaq server\u0259 qo\u015fulark\u0259n, example.com<\/b> h\u0259r bir provayderd\u0259n, uzaq server \u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fcst\u0259qil m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri IP-sini g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259k. Balansla\u015fd\u0131rma, kanallar \u00fczr\u0259 y\u00fck\u00fc b\u00f6lm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 eyni anda istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan tan\u0131y\u0131r. Sad\u0259lik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, g\u0259liri b\u00fct\u00fcn kanallar aras\u0131nda b\u0259rab\u0259r b\u00f6lm\u0259yi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259k. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri \u015f\u0259rti olaraq \u00fc\u00e7 \u015f\u0259kil olan bir sayt\u0131 a\u00e7d\u0131qda, o, h\u0259r bir \u015f\u0259kli ayr\u0131 bir provayder vasit\u0259si il\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259yir. Sayt\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 bu, \u00fc\u00e7 f\u0259rqli IP il\u0259 ba\u011flanmalar kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\"\u0130nternet
\nBa\u011flant\u0131lar s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 balansla\u015fd\u0131rma zaman\u0131, h\u0259r bir TCP ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir provayder vasit\u0259sil\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n
Bu balansla\u015fd\u0131rma rejimi istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn probleml\u0259r yarada bil\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bir \u00e7ox veb-sayt cookie v\u0259 tokenl\u0259ri m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259rinin IP \u00fcnvan\u0131na ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ba\u011flay\u0131r, v\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r bu bird\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fs\u0259, sor\u011fu r\u0259dd edilir ya da m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri saytdan \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri bank\u0131 sisteml\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259r s\u0259rt istifad\u0259\u00e7i sessiyas\u0131 qaydalar\u0131na malik veb-saytlarda tez-tez ba\u015f verir. Budur sad\u0259 bir n\u00fcmun\u0259: VK.com-da musiqi fayllar\u0131 yaln\u0131z IP-y\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 aktiv sessiya a\u00e7ar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00f6vcuddur, v\u0259 bel\u0259 balansla\u015fd\u0131rma istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259rd\u0259 audio tez-tez oynanm\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki sor\u011fu sessiya il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olan provayder vasit\u0259sil\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
\"\u0130nternet
\nTorrentl\u0259ri y\u00fckl\u0259dikd\u0259, ba\u011flant\u0131lar s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 balansla\u015fd\u0131rma b\u00fct\u00fcn kanallar\u0131n bant geni\u015fliyini toplay\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bel\u0259 balansla\u015fd\u0131rma bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ba\u011flant\u0131dan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 internet kanallar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tinin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u0259g\u0259r h\u0259r bir \u00fc\u00e7 provayderin s\u00fcr\u0259ti 100 Mbit-dir, torrent y\u00fckl\u0259dikd\u0259, 300 Mbit \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yik. \u00c7\u00fcnki torrent bir \u00e7ox ba\u011flant\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131r, bunlar is\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn provayderl\u0259r aras\u0131nda paylan\u0131r v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn kanal istifad\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n
\u018fh\u0259miyy\u0259tli olan budur ki, t\u0259k bir TCP ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 yaln\u0131z bir provayder vasit\u0259sil\u0259 ged\u0259c\u0259k. Y\u0259ni \u0259g\u0259r biz HTTP vasit\u0259sil\u0259 bir b\u00f6y\u00fck fayl y\u00fckl\u0259yiriks\u0259, bu ba\u011flant\u0131 yaln\u0131z bir provayder \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n apar\u0131lacaq, v\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r bu provayderl\u0259 ba\u011flant\u0131 k\u0259sil\u0259rs\u0259, y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 d\u0259 dayanar. <\/p>\n
\"\u0130nternet
\nBir ba\u011flant\u0131 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 yaln\u0131z bir internet kanal\u0131n\u0131 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n
Bu video yay\u0131m\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 do\u011frudur. \u018fg\u0259r siz \u015f\u0259rti bir Twitch platformas\u0131nda ax\u0131nl\u0131 video yay\u0131mlay\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131zsa, IP ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 balansla\u015fd\u0131rma he\u00e7 bir x\u00fcsusi fayda verm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k, \u00e7\u00fcnki video ax\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z bir IP ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 daxilind\u0259 yay\u0131mlanacaq. Bu halda, \u0259g\u0259r WAN 3 provayderind\u0259 ba\u011flant\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 probleml\u0259r yaranarsa, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, paket itkil\u0259ri v\u0259 ya s\u00fcr\u0259tin azalmas\u0131, siz d\u0259rhal ba\u015fqa provayder\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. Yay\u0131m dayand\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 v\u0259 yenid\u0259n ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
H\u0259qiqi kanallar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131.<\/h2>\n
\nH\u0259qiqi kanallar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131, \u015f\u0259rti Twitch-\u0259 olan bir ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn provayderl\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k imkan\u0131 verir, bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r ist\u0259nil\u0259n provayder s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131xsa, ba\u011flant\u0131 k\u0259silm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. Bu, olduqca m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b bir v\u0259zif\u0259dir v\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 optimal bir h\u0259lli yoxdur. Bir \u00e7oxu bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu bel\u0259 bilmir! <\/p>\n
\u018fvv\u0259lki ill\u00fcstrasiyalardan xat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kimi, \u015f\u0259rti Twitch serveri yaln\u0131z bir source IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 video ax\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul ed\u0259 bil\u0259r, bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 bizim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu \u00fcnvan h\u0259r zaman sabit olmal\u0131d\u0131r, hans\u0131 provayderl\u0259rin i\u015finin dayanmas\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq. Bunu t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn biz\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 terminl\u0259\u015fdirib birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n toplama serveri laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\"\u0130nternet
\nToplama serveri b\u00fct\u00fcn kanallar\u0131 bir tunel\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirir. B\u00fct\u00fcn ba\u011flant\u0131lar toplama serverinin \u00fcnvan\u0131ndan ba\u015f verir.<\/p>\n
Bel\u0259 bir sxemd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn provayderl\u0259r istifad\u0259 olunur v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ist\u0259nil\u0259n birinin dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Twitch serveri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259nin k\u0259silm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmayacaq. \u018fslind\u0259, bu, alt\u0131nda bir ne\u00e7\u0259 internet kanal\u0131 bulunan x\u00fcsusi bir VPN tunelidir. Bel\u0259 bir sxemin \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k keyfiyy\u0259tli \u0259laq\u0259 kanal\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259kdir. \u018fg\u0259r bir provayderd\u0259 probleml\u0259r ba\u015f ver\u0259rs\u0259, paket itkil\u0259ri v\u0259 gecikm\u0259l\u0259r artarsa, bu, \u0259laq\u0259nin keyfiyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259sir etm\u0259m\u0259lidir, \u00e7\u00fcnki y\u00fck avtomatik olaraq m\u00f6vcud olan daha keyfiyy\u0259tli kanallar aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259kdir. <\/p>\n
Ticar\u0259t h\u0259ll\u0259ri<\/h3>\n
\nBu problem uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259tdir ki, birba\u015fa yay\u0131m aparanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn narahatl\u0131q yarad\u0131r v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tli internet\u0259 eri\u015fim\u0259 malik olmayanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn. Bel\u0259 tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ticar\u0259t h\u0259lli m\u00f6vcuddur, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Teradek \u015firk\u0259ti, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 USB modeminin yerl\u0259\u015fdirildiyi n\u0259h\u0259ng routerl\u0259r istehsal edir:<\/p>\n
\"\u0130nternet
\nVideo yay\u0131m\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kanallar\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k funksiyas\u0131 olan router<\/p>\n
Bel\u0259 cihazlarda, ad\u0259t\u0259n, HDMI v\u0259 ya SDI vasit\u0259sil\u0259 video siqnal\u0131 tutma imkan\u0131 var. Router il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 kanal birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 xidm\u0259ti v\u0259 video ax\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 emal, kodla\u015fd\u0131rma v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq y\u00f6nl\u0259ndirm\u0259 abun\u0259liyi t\u0259klif olunur. Bel\u0259 cihazlar\u0131n qiym\u0259ti modem d\u0259stl\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 2000$-dan ba\u015flay\u0131r, daha sonra xidm\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ayr\u0131ca abun\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259lidir. <\/p>\n
B\u0259z\u0259n bu kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r qorxuducu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr:<\/p>\n
\"\u0130nternet
\n<\/p>\n
OpenMPTCPRouter-i qururuq<\/h2>\n
\nProtokol MP-TCP<\/a><\/noindex> (MultiPath TCP) eyni anda bir ne\u00e7\u0259 kanalla qo\u015fulma imkan\u0131 yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ixtira edilib. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, onun iOS t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nir<\/a><\/noindex> v\u0259 eyni anda WiFi v\u0259 mobil \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 uzaq server\u0259 qo\u015fa bil\u0259r. Anlamaq vacibdir ki, bu iki ayr\u0131 TCP qo\u015fulmas\u0131 deyil, eyni zamanda iki kanaldan birba\u015fa yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir qo\u015fulmad\u0131r. Bunun i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, uzaq server d\u0259 MPTCP-ni d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n
OpenMPTCPRouter<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 bu, kanallar\u0131 do\u011frudan toplamaya olanak tan\u0131yan a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir y\u00f6nlendirici projesidir. Yazarlar projenin alfa s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnde oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir, ancak zaten kullan\u0131labilir. Bu, internette bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lan bir toplama sunucusu ve birka\u00e7 internet servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve m\u00fc\u015fteri cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n (bilgisayarlar, telefonlar) ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u00f6nlendiriciden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6nlendiricisi olarak Raspberry Pi, baz\u0131 WiFi y\u00f6nlendiricileri veya s\u0131radan bir bilgisayar kullan\u0131labilir. Farkl\u0131 platformlar i\u00e7in mevcut s\u00fcr\u00fcmler bulunmaktad\u0131r, bu da \u00e7ok uygundur.<\/p>\n
\"\u0130nternet
\nOpenMPTCPRouter'un \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Prensibi<\/p>\n
Toplama Sunucusunun Ayarlar\u0131<\/h2>\n
\nToplama sunucusu internette yer al\u0131r ve t\u00fcm m\u00fc\u015fteri y\u00f6nlendirici kanallar\u0131ndan gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 bir araya getirir. Bu sunucunun IP adresi, OpenMPTCPRouter \u00fczerinden internete \u00e7\u0131karken d\u0131\u015f adres olacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Bu g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in Debian 10 \u00fczerinde bir VPS sunucusu kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Toplama sunucusu i\u00e7in gereksinimler:<\/p>\n