{"id":54312,"date":"2019-12-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-22T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/kak-rabotaet-videokodek-chast-1-osnovy"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:18","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:18","slug":"kak-rabotaet-videokodek-chast-1-osnovy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/news\/kak-rabotaet-videokodek-chast-1-osnovy","title":{"rendered":"Videokodekin i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 prinsipl\u0259ri. Hiss\u0259 1. \u018fsaslar","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130kinci hiss\u0259: Videokodekin i\u015f prinsipl\u0259ri<\/a><\/noindex><\/h3>\n

H\u0259r bir raster \u015f\u0259kil<\/b> iki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc matris \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 t\u0259qdim oluna bil\u0259r iki dimensional \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/b>. R\u0259ngl\u0259rd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n, bu ideya \u015f\u0259kli \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc matris<\/b>, burada \u0259lav\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r h\u0259r bir r\u0259ng \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n saxlanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259 r\u0259ngini \u0259sas r\u0259ngl\u0259rin (q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, ya\u015f\u0131l v\u0259 mavi) kombinasiyas\u0131 kimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcns\u0259k, bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc matrisd\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0259thi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edirik: birincisi q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 r\u0259ng, ikincisi ya\u015f\u0131l v\u0259 sonuncusu mavi.
\n\"Videokodekin<\/a><\/noindex>
\nBu matrisd\u0259ki h\u0259r bir n\u00f6qt\u0259y\u0259 piksel (\u015f\u0259klin elementi) dey\u0259c\u0259yik. H\u0259r piksel h\u0259r bir r\u0259ngin intensivliyi haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat saxlay\u0131r (ad\u0259t\u0259n \u0259d\u0259di d\u0259y\u0259r \u015f\u0259klind\u0259). M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 piksel<\/b> c\u0259mi 0 ya\u015f\u0131l, 0 mavi v\u0259 maksimum q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 olmas\u0131 dem\u0259kdir. \u00c7\u0259hray\u0131 piksel<\/b> \u00fc\u00e7 r\u0259ngin kombinasiya il\u0259 formala\u015fa bil\u0259r. 0-dan 255-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan \u0259d\u0259di aral\u0131qdan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, \u00e7\u0259hray\u0131 piksel a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir: Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 = 255<\/b>, Ya\u015f\u0131l = 192<\/b> v\u0259 Mavi = 203<\/b>.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Videokodekin<\/a><\/noindex>

\nM\u0259qal\u0259 EDISON \u015firk\u0259tinin d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Videom\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259, ax\u0131n video c\u0259rrahiyy\u0259 ota\u011f\u0131nda videoyazma \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259tbiql\u0259r haz\u0131rlan\u0131r<\/a><\/noindex>, eyni zamanda R\u0259ngli \u015f\u0259kilin kodla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn alternativ \u00fcsullar<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u015e\u0259kilin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 olan r\u0259ngl\u0259ri t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha \u00e7ox model var. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, RGB modelind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etdikd\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b olunan \u00fc\u00e7 yerin\u0259, yaln\u0131z bir bayt t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n indeksli palitras\u0131 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Bu modeld\u0259 h\u0259r bir r\u0259ngi t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 2D matris istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu, yadda\u015f\u0131 q\u0259na\u0259t edir, lakin daha az r\u0259ng geni\u015fliyi t\u0259qdim edir.<\/h3>\n

\nRGB<\/p>\n

\"Videokodekin
\n<\/p>\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u015f\u0259kil\u0259 bax\u0131n. Birinci \u00fcz tamamil\u0259 boyan\u0131b. Dig\u0259rl\u0259ri is\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, ya\u015f\u0131l v\u0259 mavi s\u0259thl\u0259rdir (m\u00fcvafiq r\u0259ngin intensivliyi boz tonlarda g\u00f6st\u0259rilir).<\/h2>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck ki, orijinaldak\u0131 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 k\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r, ikinci \u00fcz\u00fcn \u0259n parlaq hiss\u0259l\u0259rini m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yimiz yerl\u0259rd\u0259 olacaq. Mavi r\u0259ngin t\u00f6hf\u0259si is\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n Mario-nun g\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259 (sonuncu \u00fcz) v\u0259 onun geyimind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00dc\u00e7 r\u0259ng s\u0259thinin \u0259n az t\u00f6hf\u0259 verdiyi yerl\u0259r\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirin (\u015f\u0259kill\u0259rin \u0259n qaranl\u0131q hiss\u0259l\u0259ri) \u2014 bu Mario-nun b\u0131\u011flar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Videokodekin
\n
\nH\u0259r r\u0259ngin intensivliyini saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n miqdarda bitl\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259b olunur \u2014 bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc<\/p>\n

bit d\u0259rinliyi . Tutaq ki, bir r\u0259ng s\u0259thi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 8 bit (0-dan 255-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259y\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslanaraq) istifad\u0259 olunur. Onda 24 bit d\u0259rinlik \u0259ld\u0259 edirik (8 bit * 3 s\u0259thi R\/G\/B).<\/b>\u015e\u0259klin dig\u0259r bir x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti -<\/p>\n

h\u0259ll \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/b>, piksel say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bir boyutta temsil eder. Genellikle olarak geni\u015flik \u00d7 y\u00fckseklik<\/b>, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da 4'e 4 olan \u00f6rnek resimde oldu\u011fu gibi.
\n\"Videokodekin
\n
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerle \/ videolarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir di\u011fer \u00f6zellik ise en boy oran\u0131<\/b>, bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn veya pikselin geni\u015fli\u011fi ile y\u00fcksekli\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki genellikle orant\u0131l\u0131 ili\u015fkidir.<\/p>\n

Bir filmin veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn 16'ya 9 boyutlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylendi\u011finde, genellikle s\u00f6z konusu olana ekran\u0131n en boy oran\u0131<\/b> (DAR<\/b> \u2014 Display Aspect Ratio<\/i>). Ancak bazen ayr\u0131 piksel formlar\u0131 olabilir \u2014 bu durumda s\u00f6z konusu olan piksel oran\u0131<\/b> (PAR<\/b> \u2014 Pixel Aspect Ratio<\/i>).<\/p>\n

\"Videokodekin
\n
\n\"Videokodekin<\/p>\n

Han\u0131mlara not: DVD<\/b> oxu-yaz\u0131 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 DAR 4'e 3<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 DVD \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 704×480, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d 4:3, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 PAR \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 10:11 (704×10 \/ 480×11).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nVe nihayet, tan\u0131mlayabiliriz d\u0259<\/b> bir s\u0131ran\u0131n n<\/b> d\u00f6nem zaman\u0131<\/b>, ilave bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc olarak kabul edilebilir. O zaman \u2014 bu, karelerin saniyedeki s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya n<\/b> kare h\u0131z\u0131 ya da saniyede ka\u00e7 kareFPS<\/b> \u2014 Frames per Second<\/i>).<\/p>\n

\"Videokodekin
\n
\nBir videonun g\u00f6sterimi i\u00e7in gerekti\u011fi bit say\u0131s\u0131, veri transferi<\/b> \u2014 bit h\u0131z\u0131<\/b>.<\/p>\n

bit h\u0131z\u0131 = geni\u015flik * y\u00fckseklik * bit derinli\u011fi * kareler\/sn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u0441 30 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443, 24 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c 480×240 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 82,944,000 \u0431\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 82,944 \u041c\u0431\u0438\u0442\/\u0441 (30x480x240x24) \u2014 \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer veri transferi yakla\u015f\u0131k sabitse<\/i>, buna sabit veri transfer h\u0131z\u0131<\/b> (CBR<\/b> \u2014 constant bit rate<\/i>). Ancak de\u011fi\u015febilir, bu durumda de\u011fi\u015fken veri transfer h\u0131z\u0131<\/b> (VBR<\/b> \u2014 variable bit rate<\/i>).<\/p>\n

Bu grafik, tamamen karanl\u0131k bir karede fazla bit harcanmadan s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 VBR'yi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

\"Videokodekin
\n
\nBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta m\u00fchendisler, ekrandaki alg\u0131lanan kare h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ek bir bant geni\u015fli\u011fi kullanmadan iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karma y\u00f6ntemi geli\u015ftirdiler. Bu y\u00f6ntem yar\u0131 sat\u0131h videodur<\/b>; esasen, ekran\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ilk 'karede', di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ise sonraki 'karede' g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sahnelerin g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirilmesi esas olarak ilerlemeli tarama teknolojisi<\/b>kullan\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir. Bu, her bir karenin t\u00fcm sat\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak \u00e7izildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin g\u00f6sterimi, depolanmas\u0131 veya iletimi y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/p>\n

\"Videokodekin
\n
\nEh, art\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn dijital olarak nas\u0131l temsil edildi\u011fini, renklerinin nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sabit (CBR) veya de\u011fi\u015fken (VBR) bir veri transfer h\u0131z\u0131nda video g\u00f6sterimi i\u00e7in ka\u00e7 bit harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Belirli bir kare h\u0131z\u0131nda belirli bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131k ve yar\u0131 sat\u0131h video, PAR gibi bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka terimle de tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Art\u0131q y\u00fck\u00fc aradan qald\u0131rma<\/h2>\n

\nBilinir ki, s\u0131x\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f video normalda istifad\u0259 oluna bilmir. 720p v\u0259 30 kadr\/san tezlikli bir saatl\u0131q video 278 GB yer tutacaq. Bu d\u0259y\u0259r\u0259 1280 x 720 x 24 x 30 x 3600 (geni\u015flik, h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fck, piksel ba\u015f\u0131na bit, FPS v\u0259 zaman) vurduqda g\u0259lmi\u015f oluruq.<\/p>\n

\u0130stifad\u0259si itkisiz s\u0131x\u0131lma alqoritml\u0259ri<\/b>, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, PKZIP, Gzip v\u0259 PNG-d\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunan DEFLATE kimi, t\u0259l\u0259b olunan bant geni\u015fliyini kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r azaltd\u0131rmayacaq. Video s\u0131xmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015fqa yollar axtarmaq laz\u0131m g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n

Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6rm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259timizd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Biz, r\u0259ngl\u0259rd\u0259n daha \u00e7ox par\u0131lt\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rd ed\u0259 bilirik. Video, zamanla t\u0259krar olunan ard\u0131c\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259r toplusudur. Eyni s\u0259hn\u0259nin biti\u015fik kadrlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda f\u0259rqlilikl\u0259r azd\u0131r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, h\u0259r kadr, eyni (v\u0259 ya b\u0259nz\u0259r) r\u0259ngl\u0259rin \u00e7ox sayda sah\u0259sini ehtiva edir.<\/p>\n

R\u0259ng, par\u0131lt\u0131 v\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259rimiz<\/h2>\n

\nG\u00f6zl\u0259rimiz par\u0131lt\u0131ya, r\u0259ngd\u0259n daha h\u0259ssasd\u0131r. Bu t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz, bu \u015f\u0259kil \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 baxd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda.<\/p>\n

\"Videokodekin<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r \u015fi\u015f\u0259nin sol yar\u0131s\u0131nda kvadratlar\u0131n r\u0259ngl\u0259rini g\u00f6rm\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fczs\u0259 A<\/b> v\u0259 B<\/b> \u0259slind\u0259 eynidir, bu normald\u0131r. Beynimiz i\u015f\u0131q v\u0259 k\u00f6lg\u0259y\u0259, yoxsa r\u0259ng\u0259 daha \u00e7ox diqq\u0259t ver\u0259r\u0259k f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Sa\u011f t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 i\u015far\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f kvadratlar aras\u0131nda eyni r\u0259ngd\u0259n bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc var \u2014 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 (y\u0259ni, beynimiz) orada \u0259slind\u0259 eyni r\u0259ng oldu\u011funu asanl\u0131qla m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edirik.<\/p>\n

G\u0259lin (sad\u0259 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259) g\u00f6zl\u0259rimizin nec\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259diyini ara\u015fd\u0131raq. G\u00f6z, bir \u00e7ox hiss\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b bir organd\u0131r. Lakin bizi daha \u00e7ox maraqland\u0131ran konus v\u0259 \u00e7ubuqd\u0131r. G\u00f6z, t\u0259xmin\u0259n 120 milyon \u00e7ubuq v\u0259 6 milyon konus ehtiva edir.<\/p>\n

R\u0259ng v\u0259 par\u0131lt\u0131 hissini g\u00f6z\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n hiss\u0259l\u0259rinin ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 funksiyalar\u0131 kimi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259k (\u0259slind\u0259, v\u0259ziyy\u0259t bir q\u0259d\u0259r daha m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bdir, lakin biz onu sad\u0259l\u0259\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259yik). \u00c7ubuq h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0259n par\u0131lt\u0131ya, konus h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259ri is\u0259 r\u0259ng\u0259 cavabdehdir. Konuslar, t\u0259rkibind\u0259ki piqment\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 n\u00f6v\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr: S-konuslar (mavi r\u0259ng), M-konuslar (ya\u015f\u0131l r\u0259ng) v\u0259 L-konuslar (q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 r\u0259ng).<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnki bizd\u0259 konuslardan (r\u0259ng) \u00e7ox daha \u00e7ox \u00e7ubuq var (par\u0131lt\u0131), buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 qaranl\u0131q v\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q aras\u0131ndak\u0131 ke\u00e7idl\u0259ri r\u0259ngd\u0259n daha yax\u015f\u0131 ay\u0131rd ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yimiz q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n

\"Videokodekin
\n<\/p>\n

Kontrast h\u0259ssasl\u0131\u011f\u0131 funksiyalar\u0131<\/h2>\n

\nEksperimental psixologiya v\u0259 dig\u0259r n\u0259z\u0259ri sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rma aparan m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r insan g\u00f6rm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li bir \u00e7ox n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259 inki\u015faf etdirmi\u015fl\u0259r. V\u0259 bunlardan biri kontrast h\u0259ssasl\u0131\u011f\u0131 funksiyalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/b>. Onlar zaman v\u0259 m\u0259kan i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131rmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Q\u0131sacas\u0131, m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259\u00e7inin onlar\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin edilm\u0259sinin laz\u0131m oldu\u011fundan b\u0259hs edilir. \"Funksiya\" s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7oxlu formas\u0131na diqq\u0259t yetirin. Bu, biz\u0259 kontrasta olan h\u0259ssasl\u0131q funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z qara-a\u011f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc il\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 r\u0259ngli g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc il\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 imkan verdiyi il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r. Bu eksperimentl\u0259rin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, \u0259ks\u0259r hallarda g\u00f6zl\u0259rimiz i\u015f\u0131ql\u0131\u011fa r\u0259ngd\u0259n daha h\u0259ssasd\u0131r.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0130\u015f\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 daha h\u0259ssas oldu\u011fumuz m\u0259lumdursa, bu fakt\u0131 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fa bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n

R\u0259ng model<\/h2>\n

\nR\u0259ngli g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259rl\u0259 RGB sxemas\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259yi bir az ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fck. Ba\u015fqa modell\u0259r d\u0259 m\u00f6vcuddur. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, par\u0131lt\u0131n\u0131 r\u0259ngd\u0259n ay\u0131ran bir model var v\u0259 bu, ad\u0259t\u0259n YCbCr<\/b>. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, b\u0259nz\u0259r ayr\u0131lma h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n dig\u0259r modell\u0259r d\u0259 var, lakin biz yaln\u0131z bunu n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259c\u0259yik.<\/p>\n

Bu r\u0259ng modelind\u0259 Y<\/b> \u2014 par\u0131lt\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259msilidir, h\u0259m\u00e7inin iki r\u0259ng kanal\u0131 istifad\u0259 olunur: Cb<\/b> (do\u011fru mavi) v\u0259 Cr<\/b> (do\u011fru q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131). YCbCr RGB-d\u0259n al\u0131nabilir, eyni zamanda \u0259ks \u00e7evrilm\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu modeld\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz kimi tam r\u0259ngli g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259r yarada bil\u0259rik:<\/p>\n

\"Videokodekin
\n<\/p>\n

YCbCr v\u0259 RGB aras\u0131nda \u00e7evrilm\u0259<\/h2>\n

\nB\u0259zil\u0259ri etiraz ed\u0259 bil\u0259r: ya\u015f\u0131l istifad\u0259 olunmadan b\u00fct\u00fcn r\u0259ngl\u0259ri nec\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr?<\/p>\n

Bu sual\u0131 cavabland\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn RGB-nin YCbCr-\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259sini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259c\u0259yik. BT.601 standart\u0131nda q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f \u0259msallardan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yik. BT.601<\/b>, bu, \u0130T\u00dc-R<\/b>t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 olunan bir b\u00f6lm\u0259dir. Bu b\u00f6lm\u0259 r\u0259q\u0259msal videonun standartlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n: 4K n\u0259dir? H\u0259r hans\u0131 bir kadr tezliyi, ayr\u0131nt\u0131, r\u0259ng modeli nec\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

\u0130lk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 par\u0131lt\u0131n\u0131 hesablayaca\u011f\u0131q. \u0130T\u00dc t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259klif olunan sabitl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k RGB d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini d\u0259yi\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259yik.<\/p>\n

Y<\/b> = 0.299R<\/b> + 0.587G<\/b> + 0.114B<\/b> <\/p>\n

Par\u0131lt\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etdikd\u0259n sonra, mavi v\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 r\u0259ngi ay\u0131raca\u011f\u0131q:<\/p>\n

Cb<\/b> = 0.564(B<\/b> \u2014 Y<\/b>)<\/p>\n

Cr<\/b> = 0.713(R<\/b> \u2014 Y<\/b>) <\/p>\n

H\u0259m\u00e7inin YCbCr il\u0259 geri \u00e7evirm\u0259k v\u0259 h\u0259tta ya\u015f\u0131l \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k d\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

R<\/b> = Y<\/b> + 1.402Cr<\/b><\/p>\n

B<\/b> = Y<\/b> + 1.772Cb<\/b><\/p>\n

G<\/b> = Y<\/b> \u2014 0.344Cb<\/b> \u2014 0.714Cr<\/b><\/p>\n

Ad\u0259t\u0259n, ekranlar (monitorlar, televizorlar, ekranlar v\u0259 s.) yaln\u0131z RGB modelini istifad\u0259 edir. Lakin bu model m\u00fcxt\u0259lif formalarda t\u0259\u015fkil oluna bil\u0259r:<\/p>\n

\"Videokodekin
\n<\/p>\n

R\u0259ng subda\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>\n

\nPar\u0131lt\u0131 v\u0259 r\u0259ngd\u0259n ibar\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc il\u0259, insan g\u00f6rm\u0259 sisteminin par\u0131lt\u0131ya olan daha y\u00fcks\u0259k h\u0259ssasl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 r\u0259ng\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yimiz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259lumat\u0131 se\u00e7ici \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 aradan qald\u0131rsaq, qeyri-a\u015fkar vaxt q\u0131saldaraq daha az rezolyusiyan\u0131 r\u0259ng \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bilirik. R\u0259ng subda\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 \u2014 bu, par\u0131lt\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn renkli m\u0259lumat\u0131n daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 rezolyusiyaya sahib olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rin kodla\u015fd\u0131rma \u00fcsuludur.<\/p>\n

\"Videokodekin<\/p>\n

R\u0259ngin rezolyusiyas\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaq n\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259ndir?! G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, art\u0131q rezolyusiyan\u0131 v\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259ni (N\u0259tic\u0259 r\u0259ngi = Y + Cb + Cr) i\u015fl\u0259tm\u0259nin nec\u0259 olaca\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u0259zi sxeml\u0259r var.<\/p>\n

Bu sxeml\u0259r subda\u011f\u0131tma sisteml\u0259ri kimi tan\u0131n\u0131r.<\/b> v\u0259 3 qatl\u0131 nisb\u0259t \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 ifad\u0259 olunur \u2014 a<\/b>:x<\/b>:cavab verin. Sonra istifad\u0259\u00e7i il\u0259 interaktiv sessiyan\u0131<\/b>, hans\u0131 ki, parlaql\u0131q v\u0259 r\u0259ng f\u0259rqliliyi siqnallar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir.<\/p>\n

a<\/b> \u2014 \u00fcf\u00fcqi se\u00e7imin standart\u0131 (ad\u0259t\u0259n 4-\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rdir)
\nx<\/b> \u2014 piksel\u0259rin birinci s\u0259tirind\u0259ki r\u0259ng se\u00e7m\u0259 say\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131 (\u00fcf\u00fcqi h\u0259ll etm\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 a<\/b>)
\ncavab verin. Sonra istifad\u0259\u00e7i il\u0259 interaktiv sessiyan\u0131<\/b> \u2014 piksel\u0259rin birinci v\u0259 ikinci s\u0259tirl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda r\u0259ng se\u00e7m\u0259l\u0259rinin d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri say\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130stisna t\u0259\u015fkil edir 4<\/b>:1<\/b>:0<\/b>, h\u0259r parlaql\u0131q 4 x 4 h\u0259lli blokunda bir r\u0259ng se\u00e7m\u0259si t\u0259min edir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

M\u00fcasir kodlay\u0131c\u0131larda istifad\u0259 olunan \u00fcmumi sxeml\u0259r:<\/p>\n