{"id":54392,"date":"2019-12-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-24T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/strategiya-apple-privyazka-os-k-zhelezu-konkurentnoe-preimushhestvo-ili-nedostatok"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:24","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:24","slug":"strategiya-apple-privyazka-os-k-zhelezu-konkurentnoe-preimushhestvo-ili-nedostatok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/news\/strategiya-apple-privyazka-os-k-zhelezu-konkurentnoe-preimushhestvo-ili-nedostatok","title":{"rendered":"Apple Stratejisi. \u0130\u015fletim sisteminin \"donan\u0131ma\" ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u2014 rekabet avantaj\u0131 m\u0131 yoksa dezavantaj m\u0131?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

2013-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Microsoft art\u0131q texnologiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 onillikdir ki, dominantl\u0131q edirdi v\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteminin inan\u0131lmaz u\u011furuna nail olmu\u015fdu. \u015eirk\u0259t t\u0259dric\u0259n lider m\u00f6vqel\u0259rini itirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131, amma bu, modelin i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259yi dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 deyildi, \u0259ksin\u0259, Google-un Android-i Windows-un \u00f6y\u00fcd-n\u0259sih\u0259tl\u0259rini izl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k, tamamil\u0259 pulsuz olmas\u0131ndan ir\u0259li g\u0259lirdi. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc ki, m\u0259hz o, smartfonlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn lider \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi olacaq.<\/p>\n

Bunun ba\u015f verm\u0259diyi a\u00e7\u0131qd\u0131r: Apple yaln\u0131z iOS ekosistemini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck bir t\u0259tbiql\u0259r bazas\u0131 yaratmaqla qalmad\u0131, eyni zamanda smartfon s\u0259nayesinin dem\u0259k olar ki, ham\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u0259lir \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 davam etdi. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif hesabatlar s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n d\u0259qiq pay\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil, lakin \u0259ks\u0259r ekspertl\u0259rin fikrinc\u0259, son be\u015f il \u0259rzind\u0259 bu 70%-90%-dir.<\/p>\n

M\u0259lumdur ki, Apple m\u0259hsullar\u0131n s\u0259rt inteqrasiyas\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131r, \u0259n az\u0131ndan \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi v\u0259 \"hardware\" il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu halda. M\u0259lum oldu ki, inteqrasiya \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteminin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 deyil, bazarda onun q\u0259ti \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fcr; MacOS-a olan monopoliyaya sahib olmaqla, ill\u0259rl\u0259 u\u011fursuz klaviatura v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlarla milyonlarla cihaz satmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u0130nteqrasiyan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri<\/h3>\n

\nBirincisi, inteqrasiya m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l istifad\u0259\u00e7i t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si t\u0259min edir. Biznes m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259 yaln\u0131z maliyy\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259rini qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259yi \u00f6yr\u0259dirl\u0259r, lakin \u015faquli inteqrasiya t\u0259hlil edil\u0259rk\u0259n bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Daha \u00e7\u0259tin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259n x\u0259rcl\u0259r var. Modularizasiya istifad\u0259\u00e7i t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sinin pisl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 x\u0259rcl\u0259ri meydana g\u0259tirir ki, bunlar\u0131 n\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq, n\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7m\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130\u015f adamlar\u0131 v\u0259 analitikl\u0259r bunlar\u0131 sad\u0259c\u0259 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edirl\u0259r, lakin istehlak\u00e7\u0131lar \u2014 yox. B\u0259zi istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r keyfiyy\u0259t, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f, h\u0259yat\u0131n detallar\u0131 il\u0259 maraqlan\u0131r v\u0259 bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015faquli inteqrasiya il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 maliyy\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259rini xeyli a\u015fan m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fl\u0259r \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131rd\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn istehlak\u00e7\u0131lar Apple-\u0131n t\u0259klif etdiyi \u015feyl\u0259ri qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirmir (v\u0259 ya buna maliyy\u0259 imkan\u0131 yoxdur). \u018fslind\u0259, onlar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oxu bu c\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Ancaq istehlak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na zidd olan fikir, Apple-\u0131n yaln\u0131z Android \"kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r yax\u015f\u0131\" oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn v\u0259 daha ucuz oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259ri itir\u0259c\u0259yidir. Son on be\u015f ild\u0259 \u015firk\u0259t bazardak\u0131 d\u0259y\u0259rin nisb\u0259tini d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n disruptiv innovasiyalar yaratma\u011fa y\u00f6n\u0259lib. <\/p>\n

Apple t\u0259klifini r\u0259q\u0259msal olaraq \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n dizayn vasit\u0259sil\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259ndirir. Lakin, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, bu, istehlak\u00e7\u0131lara xo\u015f g\u0259lir, h\u0259m\u00e7inin al\u0131c\u0131lar v\u0259 istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rdir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u0130kincisi, inteqrasiyas\u0131 yeni m\u0259hsullar\u0131n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n iPhone-un m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259t imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 maksimuma \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r. iPhone-un meydana g\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l, telekommunikasiya operatorlar\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n eyni xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259klif edirdil\u0259r: s\u0259sli mesajlar, SMS v\u0259 m\u0259lumat \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si. Bu art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259m\u0259 elastikliyi, Apple-a \"davan\u0131 b\u00f6l v\u0259 h\u00f6kmran ol\" strategiyas\u0131n\u0131 izl\u0259m\u0259k imkan\u0131 verdi v\u0259 bunlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaln\u0131z bir operatora ehtiyaclar\u0131 var idi.<\/p>\n

M\u0259lumata g\u00f6r\u0259, Apple Verizon (b\u00f6y\u00fck amerikan telekommunikasiya \u015firk\u0259ti) il\u0259 iPhone il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlara ba\u015flay\u0131b, lakin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olunub ki, Verizon art\u0131q AT&T-y\u0259 (o vaxtk\u0131 ad\u0131 il\u0259 Cingular) aqressiv s\u0259rmay\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 yeni texnologiyalar\u0131n istifad\u0259si say\u0259sind\u0259 geri \u00e7\u0259kilib. Verizon, \u0259sas\u0259n, AT&T-d\u0259n abun\u0259\u00e7i say\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Verizon, telefonlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259 tam n\u0259zar\u0259t v\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc brendl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, strategiyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259kd\u0259 ehtiyac g\u00f6rm\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu vaxt AT&T tamamil\u0259 \u0259ks t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 idi: onlar itirirdil\u0259r v\u0259 bu, \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259, onlar\u0131n BATNA-s\u0131na \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259sir etdi \u2014 brendl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 istifad\u0259\u00e7i t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si haqq\u0131nda g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259r\u0259 daha a\u00e7\u0131q idil\u0259r v\u0259 bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n iPhone-un AT&T il\u0259 bazara \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 Apple-\u0131n \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u015f tutdu.<\/p>\n

Tam da bu vaxt Apple-\u0131n istifad\u0259\u00e7i t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sind\u0259ki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri loyall\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6z b\u0259hr\u0259sini verdi: m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir cihazdan yararlanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn telefon operatorlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259r\u0259 d\u00f6zm\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131r idil\u0259r. N\u00f6vb\u0259ti bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il \u0259rzind\u0259 Verizon m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259rini AT&T-y\u0259 itirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131, baxmayaraq ki, onlar\u0131n xidm\u0259t s\u0259viyy\u0259si d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 idi. iPhone-un daxil edilm\u0259si il\u0259 d\u00f6rd il sonra sonunda Verizon operator brendl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si v\u0259 istifad\u0259\u00e7i interfeysind\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t olmadan d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, Verizon 2006-c\u0131 ild\u0259 r\u0259dd etdiyi eyni raz\u0131la\u015fmaya raz\u0131l\u0131q verm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur qald\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnki Apple-\u0131n m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri loyall\u0131\u011f\u0131 onlara se\u00e7im buraxmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, inteqrasiya monopoliya yarad\u0131r: yaln\u0131z Apple cihazlar\u0131 iOS-da i\u015fl\u0259yir. Bir \u00e7oxu raz\u0131d\u0131r ki, Apple istehsal modelini m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259lliy\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131b. \u015eirk\u0259tin \u0259ks\u0259r korporativ i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259ri Kaliforniyada ikonik cihazlar\u0131n layih\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259si v\u0259 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011fuldur, bu cihazlar \u00c7in fabrikin\u0259 m\u0259hdud sayda i\u015f\u00e7iyl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Apple-\u0131n s\u0259rt standartlar\u0131na uy\u011fun olaraq in\u015fa edilmi\u015f v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n fabriksalardan yarad\u0131l\u0131r, daha sonra is\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u00fczr\u0259 m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l smartfonlar, plan\u015fetl\u0259r, komputerl\u0259r v\u0259 a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 saatlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259y\u0259canla g\u00f6zl\u0259y\u0259n istehlak\u00e7\u0131lara g\u00f6nd\u0259rilir.<\/p>\n

Bu modeli bu q\u0259d\u0259r s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li v\u0259 m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259tli ed\u0259n n\u0259dir? Apple, cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 il\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259ndirib. Proqram t\u0259minat\u0131, tamamil\u0259 yeni bir m\u0259hsul n\u00f6v\u00fcd\u00fcr, \u00e7\u00fcnki sonsuz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259ndiril\u0259 bilir v\u0259 eyni zamanda m\u0259hdud olmayan miqdarda m\u00f6vcuddur. Bu, proqram t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259ri qiym\u0259tinin 0 $ olmas\u0131 dem\u0259kdir. Ancaq proqram t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259rqli keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini real aktivl\u0259r v\u0259 mallar t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n avadanl\u0131qla birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k, Apple m\u0259hsullar\u0131na y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259r qoya bilir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nN\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u00f6z-\u00f6zl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r: ke\u00e7mi\u015f 'uzaqla\u015fm\u0131\u015f' r\u00fcb\u00fcnd\u0259 Apple-\u0131n g\u0259liri 50,6 milyard dollar t\u0259\u015fkil etdi. \u015eirk\u0259t 10,5 milyard dollar m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259t \u0259ld\u0259 etdi. Son doqquz il \u0259rzind\u0259 yaln\u0131z iPhone 600 milyard dollar g\u0259lir g\u0259tirdi v\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 250 milyard dollar qross m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259t qazand\u0131rd\u0131. Bu, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 insan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yarad\u0131lan \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 m\u0259hsuldur (az\u0131, kommersiya bax\u0131m\u0131ndan).<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fcn \u00fcmumi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdi: inteqrasiya \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 sistem hesab edilir. Sad\u0259c\u0259 Apple-\u0131n u\u011furuna bax\u0131n! H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n, \u015firk\u0259t\u0259 baxark\u0259n bel\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fmamaq \u00e7\u0259tindir, lakin qeyd edilm\u0259lidir ki, son vaxtlar inteqrasiyan\u0131n bir s\u0131ra potensial m\u0259nfi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Probleml\u0259r yaradan klaviatura<\/h3>\n

\nYax\u0131n zamanda Apple-da \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir hadis\u0259 ba\u015f verdi: \u015firk\u0259t, yenil\u0259nmi\u015f klaviatura il\u0259 bir noutbuk buraxd\u0131. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r, d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259rin mexanizmi ki\u00e7ik toz v\u0259 zibild\u0259n bel\u0259 asanl\u0131qla s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn MacBook s\u0131ras\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 yeni klaviatura il\u0259 t\u0259chiz olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, Apple sayt\u0131nda h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259, noutbuk klaviaturalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131x\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hava il\u0259 t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edil\u0259n bir m\u0259qal\u0259 var. Bunun normal olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131q ayd\u0131nd\u0131r \u2014 el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n h\u0259r yerind\u0259 minl\u0259rl\u0259 cihazda s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131xan d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\"Apple
\n
\nApple, m\u0259\u015fhur \u2018k\u0259p\u0259n\u0259k\u2019 mexanizml\u0259 t\u0259chiz olunmu\u015f klaviaturas\u0131n\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 2015-ci ilin aprelind\u0259 t\u0259qdim etdi v\u0259 yaln\u0131z 2019-cu ild\u0259 onu d\u0259yi\u015fdirdi. Bununla bel\u0259, bu m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 \u015firk\u0259t 99 milyard dollarl\u0131q \u2018Mac\u2019 satd\u0131, bunun da \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti noutbuklar idi. Bu, h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n inteqrasiyan\u0131n bir u\u011furudur!<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fqa bir s\u00f6zl\u0259, monopoliyan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc (v\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131). Yox, Apple-\u0131n komp\u00fcterl\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 monopoliyas\u0131 yoxdur, lakin \u015firk\u0259t MacOS-da monopoliyaya malikdir. Yaln\u0131z \u00f6z\u00fc MacOS-da i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n avadanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131r, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 milyonlarla m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri son ill\u0259rd\u0259 ciddid\u0259n bir \u00e7ox problemin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 komputerl\u0259ri alma\u011fa davam etdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc des\u0259k, Apple he\u00e7 bir cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259yib. Eyni zamanda, \u0259g\u0259r \u015firk\u0259tin ciddi r\u0259qibl\u0259ri olsayd\u0131, d\u00f6rd bu\u00e7uk il \u0259rzind\u0259 butterfly klaviaturan\u0131n istifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131na inana bilmirik. \u0130nteqrasiya m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l istifad\u0259\u00e7i t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si t\u0259min ed\u0259 bil\u0259r, lakin inteqrasiya olunmu\u015f m\u0259hsul r\u0259qibl\u0259rini itirdikd\u0259, o, pisl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r.<\/p>\n

NFC v\u0259 innovasiyalar<\/h3>\n

\n\u0130kinci problem Almaniyadan g\u0259l\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. The Verge n\u0259\u015fri yaz\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Almaniyada Apple-\u0131 dig\u0259r \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015f xidm\u0259tl\u0259rinin iOS-a daxil olmas\u0131na icaz\u0259 verm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur ed\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r, bu xidm\u0259tl\u0259r Apple Pay il\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259t apar\u0131r. \u00d6lk\u0259nin parlamenti m\u00fcvafiq t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin t\u0259tbiqi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u00fcm\u0259 g\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0259s verib, Zeit Online m\u0259lumat verir. Qanun layih\u0259si pul yuyulmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 qanuna d\u00fcz\u0259li\u015f \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 q\u0259bul edilib v\u0259 \u00fcst palatan\u0131n t\u0259sdiqini almal\u0131 olacaq, ondan sonra r\u0259smi olaraq g\u0259l\u0259n ild\u0259n q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 min\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n

Bu qanun layih\u0259si q\u0259bul edil\u0259rs\u0259, Almaniyada Apple dig\u0259r \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin iPhone NFC \u00e7iplerini istifad\u0259 etm\u0259sin\u0259 icaz\u0259 verm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olacaq. Daha \u0259vv\u0259l s\u0259rt \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 onlara giri\u015f imkan\u0131 vermirdi. Zeit Online bildirir ki, bu d\u0259yi\u015fiklik b\u0259zil\u0259rinin \u00f6z proqramlar\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 NFC \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259rini t\u0259klif etm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r, Apple xidm\u0259tind\u0259n deyil. M\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, Apple-a NFC \u00e7ipin\u0259 giri\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haqq t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259y\u0259 icaz\u0259 veril\u0259c\u0259k, lakin haz\u0131rda Apple Pay-da h\u0259r tranzaksiyadan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 0,15%-ni almayacaq.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

iPhone-a v\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 daxili NFC \u00e7iplerine n\u0259zar\u0259ti say\u0259sind\u0259 Apple, Apple Pay-a r\u0259qab\u0259t ed\u0259n \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015f proqramlar\u0131na nisb\u0259t\u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259min ed\u0259 bil\u0259r (bu proqramlar narahat edici QR kodlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cburdurlar). Bu, Apple-\u0131n smartfon bazar\u0131ndak\u0131 g\u00fccl\u00fc m\u00f6vqeyini \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259r bazar\u0131na daxil olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 bu m\u0259qal\u0259nin kontekstind\u0259 vur\u011fulamaq vacibdir ki, inteqrasiya innovasiyalara mane ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

NFC, \u00abm\u00fcqavim\u0259t sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t\u00bb (Near-Field Communication) kimi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Bu texnologiya, 4 santimetr m\u0259saf\u0259d\u0259 olan iki elektron cihaz aras\u0131nda \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn protokoldur. Smartfonlarda NFC \u00e7iplerinin \u00fc\u00e7 istifad\u0259si vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Smart kart\u0131n emulyasiyas\u0131, burada NFC cihazlar\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015f kartlar\u0131 kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Apple Pay, bu istifad\u0259nin n\u00fcmun\u0259sidir, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat x\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 smart a\u00e7arlar.<\/li>\n
  2. Veri oxumaq\/yazma. Aktiv NFC cihaz\u0131, pasiv NFC cihaz\u0131na (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, aktiv cihaz t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yarad\u0131lan maqnit sah\u0259sind\u0259n enerji alan NFC etiketin\u0259) m\u0259lumat oxuyur v\u0259 ya yaz\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0130ki NFC cihaz\u0131 aras\u0131nda P2P format\u0131nda m\u0259lumat \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nQ\u0131sacas\u0131, NFC iki cihaz\u0131n he\u00e7 bir \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259d\u0259n qayda qoymadan m\u0259lumat m\u00fcbadil\u0259si aparmas\u0131na imkan tan\u0131y\u0131r ki, bu da istifad\u0259 variantlar\u0131n\u0131 Bluetooth-dan daha geni\u015f edir... Ancaq sizl\u0259rin ehtimal ki, istifad\u0259si olan t\u0259k NFC texnologiyas\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Niy\u0259?<\/p>\n

    Bunu m\u00fctl\u0259q Apple-\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 atmaq olar. Android cihazlarda NFC \u00e7ipl\u0259ri 2010-cu ild\u0259n var, iPhone-larda is\u0259 yaln\u0131z 2014-c\u00fc ild\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131 v\u0259 yaln\u0131z Apple Pay \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olundu. \u0130ki ild\u0259n sonra Apple b\u0259zi NFC etiketl\u0259rini oxuma\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn etdi v\u0259 yaln\u0131z iki ay \u0259vv\u0259l istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 NFC etiketl\u0259rini yazmaq imkan\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n

    Problemin m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 budur ki, iPhone-dak\u0131 NFC \u00e7ipi ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r: bu, iOS il\u0259 inteqrasiya olunub v\u0259 Apple s\u0259rt \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 idar\u0259 edir. Apple Pay \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131nda h\u0259r bir \u0259m\u0259liyyat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 0.15% g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc (h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rd\u0259n \u00f6z ekosistemin\u0259 inteqrasiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015f alma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n) n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, bu texnologiyan\u0131n bu q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259hdud istifad\u0259sinin maliyy\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu haqq\u0131nda \u0259dal\u0259tli bir ehtimal var. Apple-in iPhone \u00e7ipl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki tam n\u0259zar\u0259ti NFC-nin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 l\u0259ngidib.<\/p>\n

    App Store \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t<\/h3>\n

    \n\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc problem yax\u0131n zamanda Washington Post-da d\u0259rc edilmi\u015f bir yaz\u0131da t\u0259svir edilib:<\/p>\n

    C\u00fcm\u0259 g\u00fcn\u00fc Apple, veypinql\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259tbiql\u0259ri App Store-dan silib, onlar\u0131 \u00abs\u0259hiyy\u0259 b\u00f6hran\u0131\u00bb v\u0259 \u00abg\u0259nc epidemiyas\u0131\u00bb adland\u0131ran m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r\u0259 qo\u015fulub. Apple t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n silin\u0259n 181 veyping t\u0259tbiql\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259zil\u0259ri, istifad\u0259\u00e7iy\u0259 veyping cihazlar\u0131nda temperatur v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r parametrl\u0259ri idar\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan tan\u0131y\u0131r. Dig\u0259rl\u0259ri istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 ya oyunlara giri\u015f t\u0259klif edir. App Store-d\u0259 veyp kartricl\u0259rinin sat\u0131lmas\u0131na he\u00e7 vaxt icaz\u0259 verilm\u0259yib.<\/p>\n

    \u00abBiz davaml\u0131 olaraq t\u0259tbiql\u0259ri qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirir v\u0259 istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 rifah\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn riskl\u0259ri d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 aktual x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri izl\u0259yirik\u00bb, - dey\u0259 Apple n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si Fred Sayns bildirib. Apple, veypingin v\u0259 elektron siqaretl\u0259rin \u00f6l\u00fcm hallar\u0131 v\u0259 a\u011fciy\u0259r z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n X\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 N\u0259zar\u0259t v\u0259 Qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Al\u0131nmas\u0131 M\u0259rk\u0259zi v\u0259 dig\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkilatlardan d\u0259lill\u0259r t\u0259qdim edib.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    \n\u018flb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, bel\u0259 bir q\u0259rar\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k ist\u0259yir\u0259m \u2014 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 bu il veyp il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan probleml\u0259r v\u0259 t\u00fct\u00fcn istehlak\u0131na t\u0259\u015fviq etdiyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f narahatl\u0131qlar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alanda. Yen\u0259 d\u0259, b\u00f6hran\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, saxta kartricl\u0259rd\u0259n ir\u0259lil\u0259diyini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, smartfonunuza qo\u015fulma imkan\u0131 insanlara ger\u00e7\u0259k fayda g\u0259tir\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

    Lakin USB v\u0259 h\u0259tta Bluetooth d\u0259st\u0259yi olan daha m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b cihazlar da vard\u0131r ki, bunlar istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 istilik parametrl\u0259rini idar\u0259 etm\u0259k, g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 proqram t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131 yenil\u0259m\u0259k imkan\u0131 verir. Bluetooth cihazlar\u0131 iOS v\u0259 Android mobil platformalar\u0131nda x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin istifad\u0259sini izl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 idar\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan tan\u0131yan t\u0259tbiql\u0259rl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 g\u0259lir. PAX-da oldu\u011fu kimi, bu t\u0259tbiql\u0259r cihazda y\u00fckl\u0259nmi\u015f d\u0259rman\u0131 tan\u0131ma\u011fa v\u0259 onun t\u0259rkibini, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, kannabinoidl\u0259r, terpen qar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 dig\u0259r t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259l\u0259rinin siyah\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. T\u0259tbiql\u0259r h\u0259m\u00e7inin istifad\u0259\u00e7iy\u0259 d\u0259rmanlar\u0131n h\u0259qiqiliyini yoxlama\u011fa k\u00f6m\u0259k edir.<\/p>\n

    Bu t\u0259tbiql\u0259r \u2014 v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq cihaz\u0131n funksiyalar\u0131 \u2014 art\u0131q iPhone istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259l\u00e7atan deyil. Siz bu funksionall\u0131q s\u0259viyy\u0259sini brauzerd\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bilm\u0259zsiniz \u2014 bunun s\u0259b\u0259bi onlar\u0131n qeyri-qanuni elan olunmas\u0131 deyil, \u015firk\u0259tin sahibl\u0259rinin q\u0259rar\u0131d\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n fikri qanun kimidir, \u00e7\u00fcnki App Store iPhone-da inteqrasiya olunub. Apple, hans\u0131 t\u0259tbiql\u0259rin cihazda qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131la bil\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 v\u0259 ya qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131la bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 monopoliyaya malikdir.<\/p>\n

    D\u00fcr\u00fcst olaq: siz vape t\u0259tbiql\u0259rinin qada\u011fas\u0131ndan t\u0259sirl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. B\u0259s, \u0259g\u0259r \u015firk\u0259t Honq Konqda mitinql\u0259ri i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131ran t\u0259tbiqi v\u0259 ya pilotsuz u\u00e7u\u015f aparatlar\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259rb\u0259l\u0259rini izl\u0259y\u0259n t\u0259tbiqi qada\u011fan ets\u0259? H\u0259r iki halda siz iddia ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz ki, \u015firk\u0259t yaln\u0131z f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin standartlar\u0131na riay\u0259t edir, lakin t\u0259tbiqin silinm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si \u0259slind\u0259 Apple-\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259tidir.<\/p>\n

    Apple-\u0131n App Store-a yana\u015fmas\u0131 eyni zamanda r\u0259qab\u0259t v\u0259 innovasiyalarla ba\u011fl\u0131 suallar do\u011furur. \u015eirk\u0259t t\u0259tbiql\u0259rin t\u0259sdiq prosesi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki n\u0259zar\u0259tini digital m\u0259hsullar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc faizi v\u0259 ya \u00f6z m\u0259hsullar\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ver\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6z m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259tini art\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edir. Apple-\u0131n inki\u015faf etdiricil\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn biznes modell\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri y\u00fcks\u0259k performansl\u0131 t\u0259tbiql\u0259rin meydana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirir.<\/p>\n

    \u015e\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, Apple-\u0131n App Store-dak\u0131 s\u0259rt n\u0259zar\u0259ti yaln\u0131z \u015firk\u0259t\u0259 deyil, eyni zamanda inki\u015faf etdiricil\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259r g\u0259tirir. Bir \u00e7ox m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri Windows-da z\u0259r\u0259rli proqramlardan qorxur, Mac m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn tuturlar. Bununla bel\u0259, bu yana\u015fman\u0131n kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259nfi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri var.<\/p>\n

    \u0130nteqrasiya \u0259leyhin\u0259 monopoliyaya<\/h3>\n

    \nBu m\u0259qal\u0259 h\u00fcquqi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n d\u0259qiq deyil. X\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 \u00abmonopoliya\u00bb termini \u00e7ox s\u0259rb\u0259st \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. Apple, hardware v\u0259 software-i inteqrasiya etm\u0259kl\u0259, bir monopoliya m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259ti \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259q olub ki, bu da monopoliyaya aid edil\u0259 bilm\u0259z. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, \u00abinteqrasiya\u00bb m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r do\u011fursa da, bu, \u00abmonopoliya\u00bbya aid edilmir. M\u0259qal\u0259nin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 qeyd olunan inteqrasiyan\u0131n faydalar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri, onun m\u0259nfi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 birg\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcn:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Apple m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n inteqrasiyal\u0131 istifad\u0259\u00e7i t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, \u015firk\u0259tin d\u00f6rd il \u0259rzind\u0259 z\u0259if keyfiyy\u0259tli<\/li>\n
    2. Apple'\u0131n istifad\u0259\u00e7i bazas\u0131n\u0131 yeni m\u0259hsul v\u0259 funksiyalar\u0131 t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etm\u0259 bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015firk\u0259tin NFC \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn proqramlar\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.<\/li>\n
    3. Apple'\u0131n proqramla f\u0259rql\u0259ndirilmi\u015f cihazlardan y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259t \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131, r\u0259q\u0259msal mallara faiz alma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya \u015firk\u0259tin \u00f6z xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verm\u0259yi art\u0131rmaqla daha da g\u00fccl\u0259nir. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nApple'\u0131n n\u00fcmun\u0259si, \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rli olmayan sa\u011flam inteqrasiya il\u0259 monopoliya yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 s\u0259rh\u0259di \u00e7\u0259km\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir.
      \n
      M\u0259nb\u0259: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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