{"id":54524,"date":"2019-12-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-27T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/podvedeny-itogi-golosovaniya-o-sistemah-initsializatsii-v-debian"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:32","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:32","slug":"podvedeny-itogi-golosovaniya-o-sistemah-initsializatsii-v-debian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/news\/podvedeny-itogi-golosovaniya-o-sistemah-initsializatsii-v-debian","title":{"rendered":"Debian-da ba\u015flatma sisteml\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0259sverm\u0259nin yekunlar\u0131","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Yay\u0131mland\u0131<\/a><\/noindex> n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u00fcmumi s\u0259sverm\u0259<\/a><\/noindex> (GR, \u00fcmumi h\u0259ll) Debian layih\u0259sinin proqram\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ftirak etdiyi paketl\u0259rin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 infrastrukturun saxlanmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c sisteml\u0259rinin d\u0259st\u0259yi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si m\u00fczakir\u0259 edildi. Siyah\u0131da ikinci b\u0259nd («B») qalib g\u0259ldi \u2014 systemd h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edir, ancaq alternativ ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c sisteml\u0259rinin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si imkanlar\u0131 da saxlan\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0259sverm\u0259 Kondorse<\/a><\/noindex>, burada h\u0259r s\u0259s ver\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn variantlar\u0131 \u00f6z \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 s\u0131ralay\u0131r v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259 hesablanark\u0259n, ne\u00e7\u0259 s\u0259s ver\u0259nin bir variant\u0131 dig\u0259rind\u0259n daha \u00e7ox b\u0259y\u0259ndiyin\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirilir.<\/p>\n

Qalib variant, systemd xidm\u0259t biriml\u0259rinin d\u0259ymi\u015f icra olunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck veril\u0259n yol oldu\u011funa etiraf edir, lakin inki\u015faf etdiricil\u0259rin v\u0259 istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin alternativ ba\u015flatma sisteml\u0259ri v\u0259 systemd-nin imkanlar\u0131na funksional alternativl\u0259r yaratmas\u0131na icaz\u0259 veril\u0259n m\u00fchitl\u0259rin m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011funu da q\u0259bul edir. Alternativ h\u0259ll\u0259rin inki\u015faf etdiricil\u0259rinin \u00f6z i\u015fl\u0259rini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k v\u0259 paketl\u0259ri formatlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn resurslara ehtiyac\u0131 var. \u0130stifad\u0259 olunan \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, systemd spesifik interfeysl\u0259r\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259tbiql\u0259rin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131na t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn elan olunan elogind layih\u0259si, layih\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fch\u00fcm \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb etm\u0259y\u0259 davam edir. Bel\u0259 t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259ri d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k, inki\u015faf etdiril\u0259n alternativ texnologiyalar\u0131n layih\u0259nin qalan hiss\u0259si il\u0259 kesi\u015fdiyi sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edir, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, yamalar\u0131n t\u0259nqidi v\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si gecikdirilm\u0259m\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

Paketl\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259m unit-fayllar\u0131n systemd, h\u0259m d\u0259 servislerin i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn init-skriptl\u0259rin daxil edilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Paketl\u0259r, paketl\u0259rin m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t\u00e7isi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ist\u0259yin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, systemd-nin b\u00fct\u00fcn imkanlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259r, \u0259g\u0259r bu imkanlar Debian qaydalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lirs\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259r paketl\u0259rd\u0259 eksperimental v\u0259 ya d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259n imkanlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 deyils\u0259. Systemd-d\u0259n ba\u015fqa, paketl\u0259r alternativ ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c sisteml\u0259rinin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259sini d\u0259 daxil ed\u0259 bil\u0259r v\u0259 systemd \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn spesifik interfeysl\u0259ri d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc komponentl\u0259ri t\u0259qdim ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Patchl\u0259rin daxil edilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rarlar m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n standart prosedurlar \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259bul edilir. Debian, dig\u0259r ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c sisteml\u0259rini se\u00e7en t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259 distrl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131qd\u0131r, amma \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 qurulur, buradan hans\u0131 t\u0259qdim olunmu\u015f imkanlar\u0131n Debian \u0259sas struktura q\u0259bul edil\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259, hans\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n is\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259 distrl\u0259 saxlanaca\u011f\u0131na dair q\u0259rarlar verilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

Xat\u0131rladaq ki, 2014-c\u00fc ild\u0259n texniki komit\u0259 t\u0259sdiql\u0259di<\/a><\/noindex> ke\u00e7idi<\/a><\/noindex> default distrosunu systemd-\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131, amma n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r haz\u0131rlad\u0131<\/a><\/noindex> Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 sistemin d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rarlar (s\u0259sverm\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 komit\u0259nin bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni m\u00fczakir\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n b\u0259nd qalib g\u0259ldi). Komit\u0259nin lideri paket m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rin\u0259 sysvinit-in alternativ ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c sistemi kimi d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259sinin saxlanmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 etdi, amma qeyd etdi ki, \u00f6z fikrini zorla q\u0259bul etdirm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil v\u0259 h\u0259r bir halda q\u0259rar m\u00fcst\u0259qil \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilm\u0259lidir. <\/p>\n

Bundan sonra b\u0259zi inki\u015faf etdiricil\u0259r \u00fcmumi s\u0259sverm\u0259 aparma\u011fa c\u0259hd etdil\u0259r, lakin ilkin s\u0259sverm\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c sisteminin istifad\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ay \u0259vv\u0259l,<\/a><\/noindex> elogind paketinin (systemd olmadan GNOME-un i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259ruri) testing bran\u015f\u0131na daxil edilm\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259biyl\u0259 libsystemd il\u0259 konflikt \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 yenid\u0259n Debian layih\u0259sinin lideri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnki inki\u015faf etdiricil\u0259r aras\u0131nda raz\u0131la\u015fma \u0259ld\u0259 oluna bilm\u0259di v\u0259 onlar\u0131n m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259ri qar\u015f\u0131durmaya \u00e7evrildi. probleml\u0259r<\/a><\/noindex> v\u0259 boz qald\u0131. <\/p>\n

M\u00fczakir\u0259 olunan variantlar:<\/p>\n

  • Temel odaklanma systemd \u00fczerinedir. Alternatif ba\u015flatma sistemlerine destek sa\u011flamak \u00f6ncelikli de\u011fildir, ancak geli\u015ftiriciler, b\u00f6yle sistemler i\u00e7in paketlere iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak init skriptlerini dahil etme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.\n<\/li>\n
  • Tercih edilen sistemd'dir, ancak alternatif ba\u015flatma sistemlerini desteklemek i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Elogind gibi teknolojiler, alternatif ortamlar i\u00e7inde systemd'ye ba\u011fl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve \u00f6nemli olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. Paketlere alternatif sistemler i\u00e7in init dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n dahil edilmesi kabul edilebilir.\n<\/li>\n
  • Farkl\u0131 ba\u015flatma sistemlerinin desteklenmesi ve sistemd'den farkl\u0131 ba\u015flatma sistemleri ile Debian'\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131.
    \nXidm\u0259tl\u0259rin ba\u015flad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn paketl\u0259r m\u00fctl\u0259q init skriptl\u0259ri daxil etm\u0259lidir, yaln\u0131z systemd \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn unit fayllar\u0131n\u0131n verilm\u0259si sysv init skriptl\u0259ri olmadan yolverilm\u0259zdir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • Systemd istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259n sisteml\u0259rin d\u0259st\u0259yi, lakin inki\u015faf\u0131 mane\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259d\u0259n. \u0130stehsal\u00e7\u0131lar yax\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ba\u015flatma sistemini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 raz\u0131 olsalar da, systemd d\u0259st\u0259yinin yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n da vacib oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u0259r. Spesifik h\u0259ll\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 v\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si il\u0259 maraqlanan icmalar m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmal\u0131d\u0131r, lakin dig\u0259r saxlay\u0131c\u0131lar laz\u0131m olduqda probleml\u0259rin h\u0259llind\u0259 aktiv k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. \u0130deal olaraq, paketl\u0259r h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir ba\u015flatma sistemind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259lidir, bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi init-skripti t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k v\u0259 ya systemd olmadan i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 imkan ver\u0259n dig\u0259r mexanizml\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Systemd olmadan i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k imkan\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 x\u0259ta kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilir, lakin burax\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n bloklanmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olan bir x\u0259ta hesab edilmir, yaln\u0131z sistemd olmadan i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131r bir h\u0259ll varsa, lakin onu saxlama\u011f\u0131 r\u0259dd edirl\u0259r (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, problem daha \u0259vv\u0259l t\u0259qdim edilmi\u015f init-skriptin silinm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259rs\u0259).\n<\/li>\n
  • D\u0259st\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn da\u015f\u0131nabilirlik, inki\u015faf\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rmayan d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r etm\u0259d\u0259n. Debian m\u00fcxt\u0259lif proqram t\u0259minatlar\u0131n\u0131n inteqrasiyas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn birl\u0259\u015fdirici ba\u011f olaraq qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilir ki, bu da b\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259 ya analoji funksionall\u0131q t\u0259min edir. Avadanl\u0131q platformalar\u0131 v\u0259 proqram stack-lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da\u015f\u0131nabilirlik m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biridir v\u0259 alternativ texnologiyalar\u0131n inteqrasiyas\u0131 alq\u0131\u015flan\u0131r, h\u0259tta yarad\u0131c\u0131larn\u0131n d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00fcmumi r\u0259y\u0259 zidd olsa bel\u0259. Systemd v\u0259 dig\u0259r ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c sisteml\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00f6vqe 4-c\u00fc b\u0259ndl\u0259 tam \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.\n<\/li>\n
  • Bird\u0259n \u00e7ox ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c sisteminin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259sini z\u0259ruri hesab etm\u0259k. Debian-i systemd-d\u0259n f\u0259rqli ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c sisteml\u0259ri il\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 salma imkan\u0131n\u0131n verilm\u0259si layih\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 vacibdir. H\u0259r paket, daxilind\u0259ki proqram yaln\u0131z systemd il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulubsa v\u0259 systemd olmadan i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259yi yoxdursa (init skriptl\u0259rinin olmamas\u0131 yaln\u0131z systemd il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutuldu\u011funu hesab edilmir), systemd-d\u0259n f\u0259rqli pid1 prosessorlar\u0131 il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259lidir.\n<\/li>\n
  • Da\u015f\u0131nabilirlik v\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131rman\u0131n d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si. \u00dcmumi prinsipl\u0259r tam olaraq 5-ci b\u0259ndl\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, lakin systemd v\u0259 ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c sisteml\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar konkret t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fcr, h\u0259m\u00e7inin inki\u015faf etdiricil\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn he\u00e7 bir \u00f6hd\u0259lik qoyulmur. \u0130nki\u015faf etdiricil\u0259r\u0259 bir-birinin maraqlar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaq, kompromisl\u0259r\u0259 getm\u0259k v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0259na\u0259tb\u0259x\u015f ortaq h\u0259ll\u0259r tapmaq t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 olunur.\n<\/li>\n
  • M\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin davam\u0131. B\u0259nd q\u0259bul edilm\u0259mi\u015f variantlar\u0131n reytinqini azaltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r.\n<\/li>\n

    <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    M\u0259nb\u0259: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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