{"id":54788,"date":"2020-01-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-03T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/jpeg-algoritm-szhatiya"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:50","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:50","slug":"jpeg-algoritm-szhatiya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/administrirovanie\/jpeg-algoritm-szhatiya","title":{"rendered":"JPEG. S\u0131x\u0131lma alqoritmi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Yenid\u0259n salam! 2019-cu ilin may\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu m\u0259qal\u0259ni tapd\u0131m. Bu, WAVE v\u0259 JPEG haqq\u0131nda m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r silsil\u0259sinin davam\u0131d\u0131r. Budur birinci<\/a><\/noindex>. Bu n\u0259\u015fr g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kodla\u015fd\u0131rma alqoritmi v\u0259 format\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat\u0131 t\u0259qdim ed\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n

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Bir az tarix<\/h3>\n

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Vikipediya t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n bir qa\u015f\u0131q m\u0259lumat:<\/p>\n

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JPEG (Birg\u0259 Fotoqrafiya M\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri Qrupu) - foto\u015f\u0259kill\u0259rin v\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259rin saxlanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunan m\u0259\u015fhur raster qrafik formatlar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Bu standart 1991-ci ild\u0259 \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li s\u0131x\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Fotoqrafiya \u00fczr\u0259 Birg\u0259 M\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r Qrupu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259r raw formada JPEG-\u0259 nec\u0259 ke\u00e7ir<\/h3>\n

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B\u0259zil\u0259ri JPEG \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rinin k\u00f6hn\u0259lmi\u015f Haffman s\u0131x\u0131lmas\u0131 xammal m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, lakin bu do\u011fru deyil. N\u0259zar\u0259tli s\u0131x\u0131lmadan \u0259vv\u0259l m\u0259lumat uzun bir prosesd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir.<\/p>\n

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\u0130lk olaraq r\u0259ng modeli RGB-d\u0259n YCbCr-\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirilir. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi bir alqoritm d\u0259 var - burada<\/a><\/noindex>. Y d\u0259y\u0259ri d\u0259yi\u015fmir, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu, parlaql\u0131q \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn cavabdehdir v\u0259 onun d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunacaq.<\/p>\n

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G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc il\u0259 edil\u0259n ilk i\u015f - \u00abincidens\u00bb<\/strong> (subsampling). Bu asand\u0131r: 2x2 piksel massivi g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, sonra Cb v\u0259 Cr - bu 4 pikselin YCbCr komponentl\u0259rinin orta d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. V\u0259 bel\u0259c\u0259, 6 bayt qazanm\u0131\u015f\u0131q<\/em>, \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 4 Y, 4 Cb, 4 Cr biz 4 Y v\u0259 h\u0259r biri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn eyni olan Cb v\u0259 Cr (4 + 4 + 4 = 12; 4 + 1 + 1 = 6; 12 \u2014 6 = 6) ald\u0131q. H\u0259tta 2\u00d72 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnd\u0259 itkil\u0259rl\u0259 s\u0131xma 2:1 nisb\u0259ti il\u0259 ciddi s\u0259sl\u0259nir. Bu, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u0259kil \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259tbiq edilir. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 atd\u0131q. V\u0259 bu c\u00fcr yana\u015fma r\u0259ng q\u0259bul etm\u0259yimiz say\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. \u0130nsan asanl\u0131qla parlakl\u0131q f\u0259rqini g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259r, lakin ki\u00e7ik pikseller blokunda orta \u00e7apda olan r\u0259ngd\u0259 f\u0259rqi bilmir. Eyni zamanda, incidens x\u0259tt \u00fczr\u0259, horizontal v\u0259 vertikal olaraq 4 piksel \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 icra edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Birinci variant daha \u00e7ox istifad\u0259 olunur. \u018fg\u0259r \u015f\u0259kilin keyfiyy\u0259ti vacibdirs\u0259, onda incidens tamamil\u0259 icra edilmir.
\nN\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259nin ayd\u0131n t\u0259sviri (Habr gif daxil etm\u0259y\u0259 icaz\u0259 verm\u0259di) - https:\/\/i.ibb.co\/Rg5Th9H\/150953010617579181.gif<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

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Haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259si<\/h5>\n

\nDCT<\/p>\n

\u0130ndi \u0259n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b v\u0259 z\u0259ruri hiss\u0259. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u0259kil 8\u00d78 bloklara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr (blokun q\u0131z\u0131llar\u0131 tam b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259dikd\u0259 doldurulma istifad\u0259 edilir).<\/p>\n

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\u0130ndi h\u0259r bir blok \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn DCT (Diskret Kosin\u00fcs Transformasiyas\u0131)<\/strong>. Bu hiss\u0259d\u0259 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259n laz\u0131ms\u0131z olan h\u0259r \u015fey \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131l\u0131r. DCP istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, bu blokun (8\u00d78) \u015f\u0259kilin hans\u0131sa monoton hiss\u0259sini: g\u00f6y, divarlar\u0131 t\u0259svir edib-etm\u0259diyini; ya da m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b bir struktur (sa\u00e7lar, simvollar v\u0259 s.) ehtiva edib-etm\u0259diyini anlamaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, 64 b\u0259nz\u0259r r\u0259ngli piksell\u0259ri yaln\u0131z 1 il\u0259 t\u0259svir etm\u0259k olar, \u00e7\u00fcnki blokun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc art\u0131q m\u0259lumdur. Budur, s\u0131xma: 64-\u0259 1.<\/p>\n

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DCP bir blokdan spektr \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r v\u0259 orada g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r k\u0259skin d\u0259yi\u015fdiyind\u0259, \u0259msal m\u00fcsb\u0259t olur, v\u0259 ke\u00e7id n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r k\u0259skin olsa, n\u0259tic\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259k olacaq. \u018fmsal\u0131n daha y\u00fcks\u0259k oldu\u011fu yerl\u0259rd\u0259, \u015f\u0259kild\u0259d\u0259 r\u0259ng v\u0259 par\u0131lt\u0131da ayd\u0131n ke\u00e7idl\u0259r t\u0259svir olunub, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu yerl\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 z\u0259if (yum\u015faq) komponentl\u0259rin YCbCr-d\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\nKvantizasiya<\/p>\n

Burada art\u0131q s\u0131xma t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259tbiq olunur. H\u0259r bir matris 8\u00d78-d\u0259ki h\u0259r bir koeffisiyent m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir \u0259d\u0259d\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u018fg\u0259r \u015f\u0259kilin b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rd\u0259n sonra keyfiyy\u0259tini daha da azaltmayacaqs\u0131n\u0131zsa, onda b\u00f6l\u0259n 1 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r bu \u015f\u0259kilin tutdu\u011fu yer daha vacibdirs\u0259, o zaman b\u00f6l\u0259n 1-d\u0259n \u00e7ox olacaq v\u0259 qalan da yuvarlanacaq. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, yuvarlanmadan sonra \u00e7ox vaxt bir \u00e7ox s\u0131f\u0131rlar yaran\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Kvantizasiya daha \u00e7ox s\u0131x\u0131lma imkan\u0131 yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn edilir. Bu, y = sin(x) qrafikinin kvantizasiyas\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259sind\u0259 nec\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

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\"JPEG.<\/p>\n

\nS\u0131x\u0131lma<\/p>\n

\u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 matris \u00fczr\u0259 zigzag \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ke\u00e7irirk:<\/p>\n

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\"JPEG.<\/p>\n

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Biz bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc \u0259d\u0259d massivini al\u0131r\u0131q. Orada \u00e7oxlu s\u0131f\u0131rlar var, onlar\u0131 aradan qald\u0131ra bil\u0259rik. Bunu etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0131f\u0131rla dolu ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131n yerin\u0259 bir s\u0131f\u0131r yaz\u0131r\u0131q v\u0259 ard\u0131ndan ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131qda onlar\u0131n say\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn massiv \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc 1\/3-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r azald\u0131la bil\u0259r. Sonra bu massivi Huffman \u00fcsulu il\u0259 s\u0131x\u0131r\u0131q v\u0259 art\u0131q fayla daxil edirik.<\/p>\n

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Harada istifad\u0259 olunur<\/h3>\n

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H\u0259r yerd\u0259. PNG kimi, JPEG fotokameralarda, OS-l\u0259rd\u0259 (\u015firk\u0259t loqotipl\u0259ri olaraq, t\u0259tbiq ikonlar\u0131, thumbnail-l\u0259r) v\u0259 \u015f\u0259kill\u0259ri effekti il\u0259 saxlama\u011fa ehtiyac olan b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131<\/h3>\n

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Haz\u0131rda JPEG haqq\u0131nda bilikl\u0259r yaln\u0131z t\u0259hsil m\u0259qs\u0259dlidir, \u00e7\u00fcnki o art\u0131q h\u0259r yerd\u0259 m\u00f6vcuddur v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck qruplar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n optimalla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b, lakin elm da\u015f\u0131ndan h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7ox dadl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\nM\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r<\/p>\n

Wikipedia-da YCbCr haqq\u0131nda m\u0259qal\u0259<\/a><\/noindex>
\nWikipedia-da JPEG haqq\u0131nda m\u0259qal\u0259<\/a><\/noindex>
\nPikabu-dan DCP haqq\u0131nda bir az<\/a><\/noindex>
\nWikipedia-da DCP haqq\u0131nda m\u0259qal\u0259<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

M\u0259nb\u0259: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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