{"id":55195,"date":"2020-01-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/velikaya-teoriya-snezhinok"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:17","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:17","slug":"velikaya-teoriya-snezhinok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/news\/velikaya-teoriya-snezhinok","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f6y\u00fck qar d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"B\u00f6y\u00fck
\nBu q\u0131\u015f Rusiyan\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi hiss\u0259sind\u0259 qar azd\u0131r. B\u0259zi yerl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, ya\u011fd\u0131, amma yanvar ay\u0131nda daha soyuq v\u0259 qarl\u0131 hava g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259k olard\u0131. B\u0131\u00e7aq kimi bo\u011fucu qaranl\u0131q v\u0259 xo\u015fag\u0259lm\u0259z sululuq \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi q\u0131\u015f \u0259yl\u0259ncl\u0259rind\u0259n z\u00f6vq alma\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 Cloud4Y h\u0259yat\u0131m\u0131za biraz qar qatma\u011f\u0131 t\u0259klif edir, dan\u0131\u015faq... qar d\u0259n\u0259cikl\u0259rind\u0259n.<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Qar d\u0259n\u0259cikl\u0259rinin yaln\u0131z iki n\u00f6v\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. V\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n \"qar d\u0259n\u0259cikl\u0259rinin atas\u0131\" adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir alimin yeni bir n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si var ki, bu, bunun s\u0259b\u0259bini izah edir. Kennet Libbrecht<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 bu, q\u0131\u015f\u0131n ortas\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u0259\u015fli C\u0259nubi Kaliforniyan\u0131 t\u0259rk edib Alaska, Fairbanks-a ged\u0259n, isti palto geyin\u0259n v\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 kamera v\u0259 bir par\u00e7a polistirol il\u0259 donmu\u015f bir sah\u0259d\u0259 oturan heyr\u0259tamiz bir insand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Niy\u0259? O, t\u0259bi\u0259tin yarada bil\u0259c\u0259yi \u0259n parlaq, \u0259n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b, \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l qar d\u0259n\u0259cikl\u0259rini axtar\u0131r. Onun s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u0259n maraql\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r \u0259n soyuq yerl\u0259rd\u0259 - m\u0259\u015fhur Fairbanks-da v\u0259 qarl\u0131 \u015fimal New York-da meydana g\u0259lir. Lakin Kennet \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 qar Kokreynd\u0259 olub, Ontarionun \u015fimal-\u015f\u0259rqind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n bir yerdir, burada z\u0259if k\u00fcl\u0259k g\u00f6yd\u0259n d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n qar d\u0259n\u0259cikl\u0259rini d\u00f6vr\u0259y\u0259 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u0259bi\u0259tinin b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcn\u0259 heyran qalan Libbrecht, arxeoloq s\u0259bril\u0259 polistirol tahtas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nir. Orada maraql\u0131 bir \u015fey varsa, onun g\u00f6z\u00fc m\u00fctl\u0259q buna tak\u0131lacaq. \u018fks halda - qar taxtadan s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr v\u0259 h\u0259r \u015fey yenid\u0259n ba\u015flay\u0131r. V\u0259 bu saatlarla davam edir.<\/p>\n

Libbrecht - fiziki. Maraql\u0131 bir t\u0259sad\u00fcfl\u0259, Kaliforniya Texnologiya \u0130nstitutundak\u0131 laboratoriyas\u0131 G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fin daxili strukturunu ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 h\u0259tta qravitasiya dal\u011falar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fkar etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcasir cihazlar haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Lakin son 20 ild\u0259 Libbrecht'in h\u0259qiqi h\u0259y\u0259can\u0131 qar olub - onun yaln\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc il\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 onun bu c\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan \u015feyl\u0259. \"G\u00f6yd\u0259n d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n obyektl\u0259rin n\u0259l\u0259r oldu\u011fu, bunun nec\u0259 ba\u015f verdiyi v\u0259 niy\u0259 bu c\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc sual\u0131 m\u0259ni h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 narahat edir,\" - deyir Kennet.<\/p>\n

\"B\u00f6y\u00fck
\n
\nUzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t fizika\u00e7\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox ki\u00e7ik qar kristallar\u0131 aras\u0131nda iki \u00fcst\u00fcn n\u00f6v\u00fc se\u00e7m\u0259k kifay\u0259t edirdi. Bunlardan biri - d\u00f6rd v\u0259 ya on iki qolu olan d\u00fcz bir ulduzdur, h\u0259r bir qolu \u015fa\u015f\u0131lmaca g\u00f6z\u0259l toxumalarla b\u0259z\u0259dilmi\u015fdir. Dig\u0259ri - bir n\u00f6v mini kolondur, b\u0259z\u0259n d\u00fcz \"qapaqlar\" aras\u0131nda s\u0131x\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, b\u0259z\u0259n is\u0259 adi bir bolt kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n. Bu formalarda f\u0259rqli temperatur v\u0259 r\u00fctub\u0259td\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259 bilir, amma hans\u0131 forman\u0131 yaratma s\u0259b\u0259bi bir sirr olaraq qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Libbrecht'in ill\u0259r boyu m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259ri qar d\u0259n\u0259cikl\u0259rinin kristalla\u015fma prosesini daha yax\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edib.<\/p>\n

Librakht'\u0131n bu alandaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, kar tanelerinin ve di\u011fer kar kristallerinin neden al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015fekilde olu\u015ftu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klayan yeni bir modelin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Onun teorisine g\u00f6re, Ekim 2019'da \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak yay\u0131nland\u0131, <\/a><\/noindex>bu, donma (kristalle\u015fme) noktas\u0131ndaki su molek\u00fcllerinin hareketini ve bu molek\u00fcllerin belirli hareketlerinin, farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullarda olu\u015fan kristallerin k\u00fcmesini nas\u0131l meydana getirebilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Onun monografisinde <\/a><\/noindex>540 sayfada Librakht, kar kristalleri hakk\u0131nda t\u00fcm bilgileri tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Alt\u0131gen Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar<\/h2>\n

\nElbette, iki ayn\u0131 kar tanesi g\u00f6rmenin imkans\u0131z oldu\u011funu biliyorsunuz (sadece olu\u015fum a\u015famas\u0131nda). Bu ger\u00e7ek, kristallerin g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde nas\u0131l \u015fekillendi\u011fi ile ilgilidir. Kar, atmosferde olu\u015fan ve birlikte d\u00fc\u015ferken \u015fekillerini koruyan buz kristallerinin birikimidir. Atmosferin yeterince so\u011fuk oldu\u011fu durumlarda olu\u015furlar, b\u00f6ylece birle\u015fme veya erime olmaz ve \u0131slak kar veya ya\u011fmura d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmezler.<\/p>\n

Tek bir bulut i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem seviyesi tespit edilebilirken, bir kar tanesi i\u00e7in bu de\u011fi\u015fkenler sabit olacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle kar tanesi genellikle simetrik bir \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcr. \u00d6te yandan, her kar tanesi r\u00fczgar, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rlerden etkilenir. Temelde, her kristal bulutun kaosuna tabi olup, bu nedenle farkl\u0131 \u015fekiller al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Librakht'\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu zarif formlar \u00fczerindeki en erken d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, M.\u00d6. 135 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in'de kaydedilmi\u015ftir. \"Bitki ve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri genellikle be\u015fgen olsa da, kar \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri her zaman alt\u0131gendir,\" diye yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 bilim insan\u0131 Han Yin. Bu durumu anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ilk bilim insan\u0131 ise muhtemelen Alman bilim insan\u0131 ve bilgini Johannes Kepler'di.<\/p>\n

1611 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kepler, Kutsal Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nun koruyucusu \u0130mparator Rudolf II'ye yeni y\u0131l hediyesi olarak: k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir <\/a><\/noindex>\"Alt\u0131gen Kar Taneleri \u00dczerine\" adl\u0131 traktat\u0131n\u0131 takdim etti. <\/p>\n

\"Bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcden ge\u00e7iyorum, utan\u00e7 i\u00e7inde sars\u0131larak - seni yeni y\u0131l hediyesiz b\u0131rakt\u0131m! Ve i\u015fte kar\u015f\u0131mda uygun bir f\u0131rsat! So\u011fuktan yo\u011fu\u015fan su buharlar\u0131, k\u0131yafetlerime kar tanesi olarak d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcyor, hepsi alt\u0131gen, t\u00fcyl\u00fc \u0131\u015f\u0131nlarla. Herk\u00fcl'e yemin ederim, i\u015fte bu, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck damladan daha az, \u015fekil alabilir, Hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin merakl\u0131s\u0131 olan bir matematik\u00e7i i\u00e7in beklenen yeni y\u0131l hediyesi olmaya lay\u0131k ve g\u00f6kten d\u00fc\u015ferken alt\u0131 kenar\u0131n\u0131n benzeri olan bir \u015feyi i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor!\"<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00abOlmal\u0131d\u0131r bir s\u0259b\u0259b, niy\u0259 qar\u0131n alt\u0131gu\u015flu ulduz formas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu. Bu t\u0259sad\u00fcf ola bilm\u0259z\u00bb, - dey\u0259 \u0259mindir Yohannes Kepler. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, o, d\u00f6vr\u00fc m\u00fcasiri Tomas Harriotdan, ingilis m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis v\u0259 astronomdan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir m\u0259ktubu xat\u0131rlay\u0131rd\u0131, o da Sir Walter Roli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131 kimi navigator i\u015fl\u0259yib. 1584-c\u00fc ild\u0259n yax\u0131n, Harriot Roli'nin g\u0259mil\u0259rinin g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 nec\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259c\u0259yini axtar\u0131rd\u0131. Harriot, alt\u0131gu\u015flu nax\u0131\u015flar\u0131n sferalar\u0131n yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sinin \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 yolu oldu\u011funu k\u0259\u015ff etdi v\u0259 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin m\u00fczakir\u0259sini Kepler il\u0259 apard\u0131. Kepler, qar d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bel\u0259 bir \u015feyin ba\u015f verib-verm\u0259diyini v\u0259 bu alt\u0131 \u015f\u00fcan\u0131n nec\u0259 yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131. <\/p>\n

Qar d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin formalar\u0131<\/b>\"B\u00f6y\u00fck
\n
\n\"B\u00f6y\u00fck
\n
\n\"B\u00f6y\u00fck
\n
\nDem\u0259k olar ki, bu, yaln\u0131z 300 ild\u0259n sonra dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lacaq atom fizikas\u0131n\u0131n prinsipl\u0259rini \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259d\u0259n anlama idi. H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259, iki hidrogen atomu v\u0259 bir oksigen atomundan ibar\u0259t su molekulalar\u0131 bir yerd\u0259 toplanma\u011fa meyllidir v\u0259 alt\u0131gu\u015flu m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b strukturlar yarad\u0131r. Kepler v\u0259 onun m\u00fcasirl\u0259ri bunun n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r vacib oldu\u011funu h\u0259l\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr ed\u0259 bilmirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Fyizikl\u0259rin dediyi kimi, hidrogen ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 molekullar\u0131n bir-biri il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sri say\u0259sind\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q kristal strukturlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259 bilirik. Qar d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259si qabiliyy\u0259tind\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259, alt\u0131gu\u015flu strukturu suya nisb\u0259t\u0259n buzun daha az s\u0131x olmas\u0131na imkan tan\u0131y\u0131r ki, bu da geokimya, geofizika v\u0259 iqlim \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck bir t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r buz \u00fczm\u0259s\u0259ydi, Yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 h\u0259yat m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Amma Keplerin traktat\u0131ndan sonra qar d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259si daha \u00e7ox hobbi idi, ciddi elm deyil. 1880-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259, AB\u015e-da, Vermont \u015ftat\u0131n\u0131n daimi qarla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc ki\u00e7ik \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri \u0130erixonun \u0130llinoylar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan bir fotoqraflar Wilson Bentley, fotoplatlalarla qar d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rini \u00e7\u0259km\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. O, pnevmoniyadan \u00f6lm\u0259d\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l 5000-d\u0259n \u00e7ox foto\u015f\u0259kil yaratma\u011f\u0131 bacard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"B\u00f6y\u00fck
\n
\nDaha sonra, 1930-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259, yapon t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131 Uki\u00e7iro Nakaya m\u00fcxt\u0259lif n\u00f6v qar kristallar\u0131n\u0131 sistematik \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. \u018fsrin ortalar\u0131nda Nakaya, soyudulmu\u015f m\u0259kana qoyulmu\u015f t\u0259k-h\u00fcsusi t\u00fckyl\u0259rl\u0259 laboratoriyada qar d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini yeti\u015fdirirdi. O, r\u00fctub\u0259t v\u0259 temperatur t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful oldu, \u0259sas kristal tipl\u0259rini yeti\u015fdirdi v\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn formalar\u0131n \u00f6z original kataloqunu toplad\u0131. Nakaya, alt\u0131gu\u015flu qar d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin -2 \u00b0C v\u0259 -15 \u00b0C-d\u0259 yaranma\u011fa meylli oldu\u011funu v\u0259 s\u00fctunlar\u0131n -5 \u00b0C v\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n -30 \u00b0C-d\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259ldiyini k\u0259\u015ff etdi. <\/p>\n

Burada qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, temperatur -2 \u00b0C \u0259traf\u0131nda olduqda, inc\u0259 plit\u0259vari qar d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri yaran\u0131r; -5 \u00b0C-d\u0259 inc\u0259 s\u00fctunlar v\u0259 iyn\u0259l\u0259r formala\u015f\u0131r, temperatur -15 \u00b0C-y\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fckd\u0259, onlar h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 inc\u0259 plit\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7evrilir, -30 \u00b0C-d\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 is\u0259 yenid\u0259n daha qal\u0131n s\u00fctunlara qay\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

\"B\u00f6y\u00fck
\n
\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131 r\u00fctub\u0259t \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 ulduzvari qar d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri bir ne\u00e7\u0259 budaq yarad\u0131r v\u0259 h\u0259ksagonal plit\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259yir, lakin y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctub\u0259td\u0259 daha m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b, ip\u0259kvari olur.<\/p>\n

Libbrechtin fikrinc\u0259, f\u0259rqli qar d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin formalar\u0131n\u0131n yaranma s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri Nakaya'n\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259ri say\u0259sind\u0259 daha ayd\u0131n oldu. M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilib ki, qar kristallar\u0131, k\u0259narlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 xaric\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcy\u00fc, t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rinin is\u0259 yava\u015f-yava\u015f yuxar\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcy\u00fc zaman d\u00fcz ulduzlar v\u0259 plit\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7evrilir (\u00fc\u00e7\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc strukturlar deyil). \u0130nc\u0259 s\u00fctunlar is\u0259 f\u0259rqli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259, s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259n t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r v\u0259 daha yava\u015f b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259n k\u0259narlarla inki\u015faf edir.<\/p>\n

Eyni zamanda, qar d\u0259n\u0259sinin ulduzmu, yoxsa s\u00fctunmu olaca\u011f\u0131na t\u0259sir ed\u0259n \u0259sas prosesl\u0259r h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259mi\u015fdir. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, sirr temperatur \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 gizl\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Libbrecht bu sual\u0131n cavab\u0131n\u0131 tapma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Qar d\u0259n\u0259sinin resepti<\/h2>\n

\nLibbrecht \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 aid ki\u00e7ik t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131 komandas\u0131 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 qar d\u0259n\u0259sinin reseptini yaratma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Y\u0259ni, komp\u00fcter\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259n\u0259 bil\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n b\u0259rab\u0259rlikl\u0259r v\u0259 parametrl\u0259r toplusu, ondan \u0130A vasit\u0259sil\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259l qar d\u0259n\u0259si m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k.<\/p>\n

Kenneth Libbrecht t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131na iyirmi il \u0259vv\u0259l ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. O, ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f s\u00fctun adlanan ekzotik qar d\u0259n\u0259si formas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fdi. Bu, iplik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bobin\u0259 v\u0259 ya iki t\u0259k\u0259r v\u0259 ox \u015f\u0259klin\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259yir. \u015eimal b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015f Libbrecht, bel\u0259 bir qar d\u0259n\u0259sini he\u00e7 g\u00f6rm\u0259diyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u015foka d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Sonsuz qar kristallar\u0131n\u0131n formalar\u0131ndan heyran qalan Libbrecht ara\u015fd\u0131rma<\/a><\/noindex> il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmu\u015f, qar d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259kilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laboratoriya yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Uzun ill\u0259rin m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259rinin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri, m\u00fc\u0259llifin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259 inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir modeli yaratmaqda k\u00f6m\u0259k etdi. O, molekulyar difuziya ideyas\u0131n\u0131, s\u0259thi enerji \u0259sas\u0131nda ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259yi t\u0259klif etdi. Bu fikir, qar kristal\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259sinin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 onu yaradan molekullar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu izah edir.<\/p>\n

\"B\u00f6y\u00fck
\n
\nT\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edin ki, su molekullar\u0131 s\u0259rb\u0259st yerl\u0259\u015fib, \u00e7\u00fcnki su buxarlar\u0131 yaln\u0131z donma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r siz mikroskopik bir obzervatoriyaya daxil olub, bu prosesi izl\u0259y\u0259 bils\u0259niz, donmu\u015f su molekullar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259r oksigen atomunun d\u00f6rd hidrogen atomu il\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olundu\u011fu s\u0259rt bir \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 yaratma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. Bu kristallar, onlar\u0131n strukturlar\u0131na \u0259trafdak\u0131 havadan su molekullar\u0131n\u0131 daxil ed\u0259r\u0259k b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcr. Onlar iki \u0259sas istiqam\u0259td\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259 bil\u0259r: yuxar\u0131ya v\u0259 ya xaric\u0259.<\/p>\n

Nazik d\u00fcz kristal (pler veya ulduz \u015fekilli) kenarlar\u0131n kristalin iki y\u00fcz\u00fcnden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011fu zaman olu\u015fur. Geli\u015fen kristal d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru yay\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, kenarlar\u0131 y\u00fczlerinden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, kristal y\u00fcksekle\u015fir ve bir i\u011fne, bo\u015f s\u00fctun veya \u00e7ubuk \u015feklini al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nadir kar tanesi \u015fekilleri<\/b>\"B\u00f6y\u00fck
\n
\n\"B\u00f6y\u00fck
\n
\n\"B\u00f6y\u00fck
\n
\nBir ba\u015fka nokta. Kuzey Ontario'da Libbrecht taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc foto\u011frafa dikkat edin. Bu, 'kapal\u0131 s\u00fctunlar' bulunan bir kristaldir - kal\u0131n bir s\u00fctunlu kristalin u\u00e7lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 iki plaka. Bu durumda, her plaka \u00e7ok daha ince iki plakaya b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kenarlar\u0131na dikkat edin, bir plakan\u0131n ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6receksiniz. Buz s\u00fctununun toplam uzunlu\u011fu yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.5 mm.<\/p>\n

Libbrecht'in modeline g\u00f6re, su buhar\u0131 \u00f6nce kristalin k\u00f6\u015felerine \u00e7\u00f6ker, ard\u0131ndan y\u00fczeyde kristalin kenar\u0131na veya y\u00fczlerine do\u011fru yay\u0131l\u0131r (dif\u00fcze olur), kristali d\u0131\u015fa veya yukar\u0131 do\u011fru b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden hangisinin 'kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131', esasen s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Modelin 'yar\u0131-ampirik' oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. Yani, olu\u015fan olaylara uygun olarak bir \u015fekilde in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir, kar tanelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcme ilkelerini a\u00e7\u0131klamak yerine. Say\u0131s\u0131z molek\u00fcl aras\u0131ndaki dengesizlikler ve etkile\u015fimler, tam olarak a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak, Libbrecht'in fikirlerinin, daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler ve deneylerle detayland\u0131r\u0131labilecek kapsaml\u0131 bir buz b\u00fcy\u00fcme dinami\u011fi modelinin temeli olaca\u011f\u0131 umudu devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6zlemlerin dar bir bilim insan\u0131 grubuna ilgin\u00e7 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemek gerekir. Benzer sorular, yo\u011fun ortam fizi\u011finde ve di\u011fer alanlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u0130la\u00e7 molek\u00fclleri, bilgisayarlar i\u00e7in yar\u0131 iletken \u00e7ipler, g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccreleri ve bir\u00e7ok di\u011fer end\u00fcstri y\u00fcksek kaliteli kristallere dayanmaktad\u0131r ve bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten gruplar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Libbrecht taraf\u0131ndan sevgiyle incelenen kar taneleri bilim i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Bloqda oxumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha n\u0259 faydal\u0131 m\u0259lumat var Cloud4Y<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><\/p>\n

\u2192 Duza enerji<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Kiber t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin \u00f6n c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259ki penterest-l\u0259r<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 T\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u0259ndir\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k startaplar<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Balonla internet<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 M\u0259rk\u0259zi m\u0259lumat m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 yast\u0131qlara ehtiyac varm\u0131?<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Bizim Telegram<\/a><\/noindex>-kanal\u0131 takip etmeyi unutmay\u0131n, yeni bir makaleyi ka\u00e7\u0131rmay\u0131n! Haftada sadece iki kez, yaln\u0131zca \u00f6nemli konularda yaz\u0131yoruz. Bu arada, h\u00e2l\u00e2 bilmiyorsan\u0131z, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lar Cloud4Y'dan 10.000 $ alabilir. \u015eartlar ve ba\u015fvuru formu web sitemizde: bit.ly\/2sj6dPK<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
M\u0259nb\u0259: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 Cloud4Y \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u043e\u2026 \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445. \u0421\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47B\u00fcy\u00fck Kar Tanesi Teorisi | ProHoster","description":"Bu k\u0131\u015f Rusya'n\u0131n merkezi k\u0131sm\u0131nda kar pek yok.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/news\/velikaya-teoriya-snezhinok","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"az_AZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c 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