{"id":55231,"date":"2020-01-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/pro-multitenancy"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:19","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:19","slug":"pro-multitenancy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/administrirovanie\/pro-multitenancy","title":{"rendered":"Multitenancy haqq\u0131nda","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, bu termini \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131 bir az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoxdur. \"Vikipediya\" verir t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259<\/a><\/noindex> \u00abmultitenancy, \u00e7oxlu icar\u0259\u00bb. Bunu b\u0259z\u0259n \u00abm\u00fcxt\u0259lif sahibliy\u00bb olaraq adland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Bu terminl\u0259r bir q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7a\u015fd\u0131ra bil\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki m\u00f6vzu \u0259slind\u0259 icar\u0259 v\u0259 ya m\u00fclkiyy\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 deyil. Bu, m\u0259hz proqram t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n arxitekturas\u0131 v\u0259 onun istismar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sidir. H\u0259tta sonuncusu da az \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli deyil. <\/p>\n

Biz multitenancy anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u00ab1C: M\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259si\u00bb bulud (xidm\u0259t) i\u015f modelin\u0259 yana\u015fma layih\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z anda formala\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131q. Bu bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il \u0259vv\u0259l olmu\u015fdu. O zamandan b\u0259ri anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z daim geni\u015fl\u0259nir. Biz bu m\u00f6vzuda h\u0259r zaman yeni v\u0259 yeni aspektl\u0259r (\u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259r, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlar, \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r, x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 s.) k\u0259\u015ff edirik. <\/p>\n

\"Multitenancy
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nB\u0259z\u0259n inki\u015faf etdiricil\u0259r multitenancy-y\u0259 olduqca sad\u0259 bir m\u00f6vzu kimi yana\u015f\u0131rlar: \u00abbir ne\u00e7\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 bir bazada saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn c\u0259dv\u0259ll\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n identifikatorunu \u0259lav\u0259 etm\u0259k v\u0259 bu \u0259sas\u0131nda s\u00fczg\u0259c qurmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r\u00bb. Biz d\u0259, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni el\u0259 bu m\u0259qamdan ba\u015flad\u0131q. Amma kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r tez ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fck ki, bu yaln\u0131z bir sah\u0259dir (h\u0259m\u00e7inin, m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bdir). \u00dcmumilikd\u0259 is\u0259 bu \"b\u00fct\u00fcn bir \u00f6lk\u0259dir\". <\/p>\n

Multitenancy-nin \u0259sas ideyas\u0131n\u0131 bel\u0259 t\u0259svir etm\u0259k olar. Adi t\u0259tbiq - bir ail\u0259nin istifad\u0259 etdiyi infraqurulu\u015f (divarlar, dam, su t\u0259chizat\u0131, isitm\u0259 v\u0259 s.) \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f bir kottecdir. Multitenancy t\u0259tbiqi is\u0259 bir \u00e7oxm\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li binad\u0131r. Orada h\u0259r ail\u0259 eyni infrastrukturnu istifad\u0259 edir, lakin h\u0259min infrastruktur b\u00fct\u00fcn bina \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. <\/p>\n

Multitenancy yana\u015fmas\u0131 yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131rm\u0131, pisdir? Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7ox f\u0259rqli fikirl\u0259r tapa bil\u0259rsiniz. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, burada \"yax\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 ya pis\" anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yoxdur. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin kontekstin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri m\u00fcqayis\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. Amma bu ayr\u0131 bir m\u00f6vzudur... <\/p>\n

\u018fn sad\u0259 anlay\u0131\u015fda multitenancy-nin m\u0259qs\u0259di infraqur\u015fa x\u0259rcl\u0259rini azaldaraq t\u0259tbiqin saxlanma x\u0259rcl\u0259rini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 salmaqd\u0131r. Bu, seriyal\u0131 h\u0259lli t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259kl\u0259 (b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 il\u0259) t\u0259tbiqin x\u0259rcl\u0259rini azaldmaq kimi bir h\u0259r\u0259katd\u0131r, \"x\u00fcsusi sifari\u015fl\u0259\" yazmaq \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259. Yaln\u0131z bir halda inki\u015faf ed\u0259n birg\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur, dig\u0259r halda is\u0259 istismar. <\/p>\n

H\u0259m\u00e7inin, yen\u0259 d\u0259 qeyd ed\u0259k ki, burada sat\u0131\u015f \u00fcsuluna birba\u015fa ba\u011flanma yoxdur. Multitenancy arxitekturas\u0131, korporativ v\u0259 ya d\u00f6vl\u0259t IT-infrastrukturunda, \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 ox\u015far filiallar\u0131n, holdinqin m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rini avtomatla\u015fd\u0131rma \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tamamil\u0259 t\u0259tbiq oluna bil\u0259r. <\/p>\n

Dem\u0259k olar ki, multitenancy yaln\u0131z m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n saxlanma t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si deyil. Bu, t\u0259tbiqin b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 i\u015f modelidir (onun arxitekturas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli hiss\u0259sini, yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 modelini v\u0259 xidm\u0259t etm\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 da \u0259hat\u0259 edir). <\/p>\n

Multitenancy model's most complex and interesting aspect, as we see it, is that the essence of the application 'splits.' One part of the functionality works with specific data domains (apartments) and 'is not concerned' with residents in other apartments. Meanwhile, another part perceives the house as a whole and works for all residents at once. Nevertheless, the latter cannot abstract from the fact that these are separate apartments, and it is necessary to ensure an adequate level of granularity and security. <\/p>\n

In '1C:Enterprise', the multitenancy model is implemented on the level of several technologies. These include the mechanisms of the '1C:Enterprise' platform, mechanisms '1C:Solution Publication Technology 1cFresh<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb v\u0259 \u00ab1C:Solution Development Technology 1cFresh<\/a><\/noindex>', mechanisms BSP<\/a><\/noindex> (standard subsystem libraries). <\/p>\n

Each of these elements contributes to the formation of the overall infrastructure of a multi-apartment building. The reason it is implemented in several technologies, rather than just one, like the platform, is primarily that some mechanisms, in our opinion, are quite appropriate to modify for specific deployment scenarios. However, this is generally a complex question, and we often face the choice of the best level to implement a particular aspect of multitenancy. <\/p>\n

It is clear that the basic part of the mechanisms had to be implemented in the platform. For instance, the actual data separation. This is what discussions about multitenancy typically begin with. But ultimately, the multitenancy model 'traversed' a significant portion of the platform's mechanisms and required their refinement, and in some cases, even rethinking. <\/p>\n

At the platform level, we implemented exactly the basic mechanisms. They allow the creation of applications that operate in a multitenancy model. But for applications to 'live and work' in such a model, there needs to be a system to manage their 'vital activity.' This is the responsibility of the 1cFresh technologies and the unified business logic layer at the BSP level. Just as the infrastructure in a multi-apartment building provides residents with everything they need, so do the 1cFresh technologies provide applications operating in the multitenancy model with what they require. In order for these applications to interact with this infrastructure (without significant modifications), appropriate 'interfaces' in the form of BSP subsystems are embedded within them. <\/p>\n

Platforma mexanizml\u0259ri bax\u0131m\u0131ndan, \"1C:Enterprise\" bulud istifad\u0259si inki\u015faf etdikc\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 qazand\u0131qca, bu arxitekturaya daxil olan mexanizml\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 asanl\u0131qla g\u00f6rm\u0259k olar. Bir n\u00fcmun\u0259 ver\u0259k. Multitenancy modelind\u0259 t\u0259tbiql\u0259rin xidm\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n rollar\u0131n\u0131n qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fir. T\u0259tbiql\u0259rin istismar\u0131na cavabdeh olanlar\u0131n rolu (m\u0259suliyy\u0259t s\u0259viyy\u0259si) xeyli art\u0131r. Art\u0131q t\u0259tbiql\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha g\u00fccl\u00fc al\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 ehtiyac duyulur. \u00c7\u00fcnki t\u0259tbiq istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri (m\u00fc\u0259ssisl\u0259r) \u0259vv\u0259lki ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131qlar\u0131 provayder\u0259 g\u00fcv\u0259nirl\u0259r. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 8.3 versiyas\u0131nda yeni t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik profill\u0259ri mexanizmi<\/a><\/noindex>. Bu mexanizm, provayderin administratorlar\u0131na m\u00fcv\u0259kkil\u0259rin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik s\u0259viyy\u0259sini laz\u0131mi d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa imkan verir \u2013 \u0259slind\u0259, t\u0259tbiqin i\u015fini h\u0259r m\u00fcvsif \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \"sandbox\" \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 izolyasiya edir. <\/p>\n

Multitenancy rejimind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan t\u0259tbiql\u0259ri idar\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn arxitektura da he\u00e7 d\u0259 az maraql\u0131 deyil (bu, 1cFresh v\u0259 BSP texnologiyalar\u0131nda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n bir \u015feydir). Burada, adi yay\u0131m modelin\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n, idar\u0259etm\u0259 prosesl\u0259rinin avtomatla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 art\u0131r. Bel\u0259 prosesl\u0259r onlarla: yeni m\u0259lumat sah\u0259l\u0259rinin (\"m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin\") yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, t\u0259tbiql\u0259rin yenil\u0259nm\u0259si, normativ m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n yenil\u0259nm\u0259si, ehtiyat n\u00fcsx\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarma v\u0259 s. V\u0259 \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, etibarl\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 m\u00f6vcudluq s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r art\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, t\u0259tbiql\u0259rin idar\u0259etm\u0259 sistemi il\u0259 etibarl\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259sini t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259man\u0259tli \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lma il\u0259 asinxron \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f sistemini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdik. <\/p>\n

Veril\u0259nl\u0259rin v\u0259 prosesl\u0259rin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 yolu \u00e7ox inc\u0259 bir m\u0259qamd\u0131r. Bu, yaln\u0131z birinci bax\u0131\u015fda asan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr (\u0259g\u0259r kim\u0259s\u0259 asan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrs\u0259). M\u0259lumatlar\u0131n v\u0259 prosesl\u0259rin m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si il\u0259 desentralizasiya aras\u0131nda balans yaratmaq \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri yarad\u0131r. Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fm\u0259, x\u0259rcl\u0259ri (disk sah\u0259si, prosessor resurslar\u0131, administratorlar\u0131n s\u0259yl\u0259ri...) azaltma\u011fa imkan verir. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, \"m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r\" \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Bu, t\u0259tbiqin \"ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131\" hiss\u0259l\u0259rinin birind\u0259n biridir, burada inki\u015faf etdirici eyni anda t\u0259tbiq haqq\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259lidir (bir \"m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259ni\" xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n) v\u0259 geni\u015f m\u0259nada (b\u00fct\u00fcn \"m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri\" eyni anda xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n). <\/p>\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bel\u0259 bir \"dilemmay\u0131\" normativ-m\u0259lumat m\u0259lumat\u0131 kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn \"sakinl\u0259r\" \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onun \u00fcmumi olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259lbedici \u00e7oxdur. Bu, onu bir n\u00fcsx\u0259d\u0259 saxlama\u011fa v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 eyni anda yenil\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. Amma olur ki, b\u0259zi sakinl\u0259r\u0259 spesifik d\u0259yi\u015fikl\u0259r laz\u0131md\u0131r. Q\u0259rib\u0259si budur ki, bu, t\u0259nziml\u0259yici (d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n spesifikasiya edil\u0259n m\u0259lumatlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bel\u0259 ba\u015f verir. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, ortaya \u00e7\u0259tin bir sual \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r: onu \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndirm\u0259k, yoxsa etm\u0259m\u0259k? Ham\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcmumi bilgi, ist\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 f\u0259rdi m\u0259lumat olmas\u0131 c\u0259lbedicidir. Bu is\u0259 tamamil\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tin bir icraata g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. Amma biz bunun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131q... <\/p>\n

Ba\u015fqa bir misal, m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m prosesl\u0259rin (c\u0259dv\u0259l\u0259 uy\u011fun icra edil\u0259n, idar\u0259etm\u0259 sistemi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ba\u015flanan v\u0259 s.) layih\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259sidir. Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, onlar\u0131 h\u0259r bir m\u0259lumat sah\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131l\u0131qda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu, daha asan v\u0259 rahatd\u0131r. Amma dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, bel\u0259 inc\u0259 granullar sistemd\u0259 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck y\u00fck yarad\u0131r. Y\u00fck\u00fc azaltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, \u00fcmumm\u00fcdd\u0259tli prosesl\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si t\u0259l\u0259b olunur. Amma bunlar daha diqq\u0259tli i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259yi t\u0259l\u0259b edir. <\/p>\n

\u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir sual yaran\u0131r. T\u0259tbiq inki\u015faf etdiricil\u0259ri multitenancy rejimind\u0259 nec\u0259 i\u015f g\u00f6rm\u0259lidirl\u0259r? Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlara n\u0259 etm\u0259li olduqlar\u0131 laz\u0131md\u0131r? \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, biz ist\u0259yirik ki, texnoloji v\u0259 infrastruktur m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259min olunan texnologiyan\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcn, t\u0259tbiq inki\u015faf etdiricisi is\u0259 yaln\u0131z biznes m\u0259ntiqi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259li olsun. Amma dig\u0259r m\u00fch\u00fcm arxitektura m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri kimi, multitenancy modelind\u0259 i\u015f prinsipin\u0259 birm\u0259nal\u0131 bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n olmas\u0131na ehtiyac var v\u0259 t\u0259tbiq inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n s\u0259yl\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259b olunacaq. Niy\u0259? \u00c7\u00fcnki, texnologiyan\u0131n m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n semantikas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almadan avtomatik olaraq t\u0259min ed\u0259 bilm\u0259diyi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259qamlar var. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndirilm\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si. Amma biz ist\u0259yirik ki, bu \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r minimal olsun. Bel\u0259 t\u0259tbiql\u0259rin icras\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn misallar art\u0131q m\u00f6vcuddur. <\/p>\n

Multitenancy-nin \u00ab1C: M\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259si\u00bb kontekstind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259 vacib m\u0259qam, bir t\u0259tbiqin h\u0259m multitenancy, h\u0259m d\u0259 adi rejimd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259n hibrid bir model yaratma\u011f\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu, olduqca m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b bir v\u0259zif\u0259dir v\u0259 ayr\u0131 bir m\u00fczakir\u0259 m\u00f6vzusudur.
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