{"id":55235,"date":"2020-01-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/pol-grem-moi-kumiry"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:20","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:20","slug":"pol-grem-moi-kumiry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/news\/pol-grem-moi-kumiry","title":{"rendered":"Paul Graham: benim idol\u00fcm","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u0259nim yazmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u0259zi m\u00f6vzular\u0131m var. Onlardan biri \"idol-lard\u0131r.\"<\/p>\n

\u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n h\u00f6rm\u0259tli insanlar\u0131n\u0131n siyah\u0131s\u0131 deyil. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u0259m ki, bel\u0259 bir siyah\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259rtib etm\u0259k \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tindir, h\u0259tta buna b\u00f6y\u00fck bir ist\u0259k olsa bel\u0259.<\/p>\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Eyn\u015fteyn, o, m\u0259nim siyah\u0131mda yoxdur, amma \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, \u0259n h\u00f6rm\u0259tli adamlardan biri olma\u011f\u0131 haqq edir. Bir d\u0259f\u0259 m\u0259n fizika t\u0259hsili alan tan\u0131\u015f\u0131ma Eyn\u015fteynin h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n bel\u0259 bir dahi olub-olmamas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 sual verdim v\u0259 o, m\u00fcsb\u0259t cavab verdi. Onda niy\u0259 onun ad\u0131n\u0131 siyah\u0131da g\u00f6rm\u00fcr\u00fck? \u00c7\u00fcnki burada, m\u0259n\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n insanlar var, \u0259ksin\u0259, onlar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259rini qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259 bils\u0259ydim, onlardan t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k adamlar deyil. <\/p>\n

M\u0259n birini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259li v\u0259 h\u0259min insan\u0131n q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131m olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamal\u0131yd\u0131m. Fikirl\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif idi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Monten, esse yarad\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, siyah\u0131mdan \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131. Niy\u0259? Onda \u00f6z-\u00f6z\u00fcm\u0259 soru\u015fdum, bir insan\u0131 q\u0259hr\u0259man adland\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b olunur? G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, sad\u0259c\u0259, h\u0259min insan\u0131n yerimd\u0259 oldu\u011fu bir situasiyada n\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k kifay\u0259tdir. Raz\u0131la\u015f\u0131n ki, bu, he\u00e7 d\u0259 heyranl\u0131q deyil. <\/p>\n

Siyah\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259rtib etdikd\u0259n sonra, onun bir \u00fcmumi temas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Siyah\u0131mda olan h\u0259r k\u0259sd\u0259 iki xarakterik x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259t var idi: onlar \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259dsiz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirirdil\u0259r, lakin eyni zamanda tamamil\u0259 d\u00fcr\u00fcst idil\u0259r. D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fckd\u0259n m\u0259nim ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fcm, izl\u0259yicinin ist\u0259kl\u0259rinin ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259k deyil. Onlar ham\u0131s\u0131 prinsipc\u0259 provokator idil\u0259r, baxmayaraq ki, bunu f\u0259rqli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 gizl\u0259tmi\u015fdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Cek Lembert<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nM\u0259n 70-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Pittsburghda b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u0259m. \u018fg\u0259r o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 orada olmam\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131zsa, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin \"Steelers\"-\u0259 nec\u0259 yana\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tindir. B\u00fct\u00fcn yerli x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r pis idi, metallurgiya s\u0259nayesi \u00f6l\u00fcrd\u00fc. Amma \"Steelers\" Amerikada futbolun \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 komandas\u0131 olaraq qal\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 bir n\u00f6v, bu, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rimizin xarakterini \u0259ks etdirirdi. Onlar m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259l\u0259r etmirdil\u0259r, sad\u0259c\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rini yerin\u0259 yetirirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fqa oyun\u00e7ular daha tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f idi: Terri Bradshaw, Franco Harris, Lynn Swann. Amma onlar h\u00fccumda idil\u0259r v\u0259 siz h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 bel\u0259 oyun\u00e7ulara daha \u00e7ox diqq\u0259t edirsiniz. M\u0259nim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259m\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, 12 ya\u015f\u0131mda Amerikan futbolu \u00fczr\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis kimi, onlar\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131s\u0131 Cek Lembert idi. O, tamamil\u0259 amans\u0131z idi v\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 bu q\u0259d\u0259r yax\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. O, yaln\u0131z yax\u015f\u0131 oynamaq ist\u0259mir, \u0259la bir oyun ist\u0259yirdi. Dig\u0259r komandan\u0131n bir oyun\u00e7usu topu onun sah\u0259sind\u0259 tutanda, bunu \u015f\u0259xsi bir t\u0259hqir kimi q\u0259bul edirdi. <\/p>\n

Pittsburghun 1970-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259ki \u0259traf\u0131 olduqca dar\u0131xd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 idi. M\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 d\u0259 cans\u0131x\u0131c\u0131 idi. B\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fc\u0259siss\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259r naraz\u0131 idil\u0259r. K\u0130V-d\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz b\u00fct\u00fcn x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r eyni olurdu v\u0259 ba\u015fqa yerl\u0259rd\u0259 istehsal edilirdi. Yegan\u0259 istisna Cek Lembert idi. Ondan f\u0259rqli birini he\u00e7 vaxt g\u00f6rm\u0259mi\u015fdim.<\/p>\n

Kenet Klark<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Kenneth Clark, \u015f\u00fcphesiz, en iyi nonfiction yazarlar\u0131ndan biridir. Sanat tarihi \u00fczerine yazanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu bu konuda pek bir \u015fey bilmez ve bu bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ayr\u0131nt\u0131yla kan\u0131tlan\u0131r. Ancak Clark, eserlerinde hayal edilebilecek kadar m\u00fckemmel biriydi.<\/p>\n

Onu bu kadar \u00f6zel k\u0131lan nedir? Fikirlerin kalitesi. \u00d6ncelikle, ifadesi s\u0131radan g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir, ancak bu bir yan\u0131lsamad\u0131r. \"Nudity\"yi okumak, yaln\u0131zca bir Ferrari s\u00fcrmeye benzer: oturdu\u011funuz anda, b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u0131zdan dolay\u0131 koltu\u011funuza yap\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsunuz. Al\u0131\u015fana kadar, araban\u0131n viraj al\u0131rken savrulmas\u0131na maruz kalacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Bu insan, o kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 fikirler \u00fcretir ki onlar\u0131 yakalamak imk\u00e2n\u0131 yoktur. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bitirirken g\u00f6zleriniz a\u00e7\u0131k kalacak ve y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fczde bir g\u00fcl\u00fcmseme olacak. <\/p>\n

Kenneth, \"Civilization\" belgesel dizisi sayesinde \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda pop\u00fclerdi. E\u011fer sanat tarihini \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyorsan\u0131z, \"Civilization\"\u0131 \u00f6neririm. Bu eser, sanat tarihini \u00f6\u011frenen \u00f6\u011frencilerin sat\u0131n almak zorunda oldu\u011fu eserlerden \u00e7ok daha iyidir. <\/p>\n

Larry Mihalko<\/h3>\n

\nHerkesin \u00e7ocuklu\u011funda bir konuda bir mentoru olmu\u015ftur. Larry Mihalko benim mentorimdi. Geriye d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131nda belirli bir \u00e7izgi g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Bay Mihalko ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra her \u015fey farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n

Neden b\u00f6yle? \u00d6ncelikle, merakl\u0131yd\u0131. Evet, bir\u00e7ok \u00f6\u011fretmenim olduk\u00e7a e\u011fitimliydi ama merakl\u0131 de\u011fildiler. Larry, okul \u00f6\u011fretmeni kal\u0131b\u0131na uyum sa\u011flam\u0131yordu ve san\u0131r\u0131m bunun fark\u0131ndayd\u0131. Belki de onun i\u00e7in zordu, ama \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in bu olduk\u00e7a keyifliydi. Onun dersleri, ba\u015fka bir d\u00fcnyaya yolculuktu. Bu y\u00fczden her g\u00fcn okula gitmekten ho\u015flan\u0131yordum.<\/p>\n

Onu di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131ran bir ba\u015fka \u015fey de bize olan sevgisiydi. \u00c7ocuklar asla yalan s\u00f6ylemez. Di\u011fer \u00f6\u011fretmenler \u00f6\u011frencilere kay\u0131ts\u0131zken, Bay Mihalko bizim arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131z olmaya \u00e7abal\u0131yordu. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerinden birinde bize James Taylor'un \"You've Got a Friend\" par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 dinletti. \"Sadece bana seslen, nerede olursam olay\u0131m, yan\u0131na gelece\u011fim.\" O, 59 ya\u015f\u0131nda akci\u011fer kanserinden vefat etti. Onun cenazas\u0131nda g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131na bo\u011fuldu\u011fum tek zamand\u0131. <\/p>\n

Leonardo<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Son zamanlarda, \u00e7ocukken anlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi fark ettim: Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z en iyi \u015feylerin \u00e7o\u011funu kendimiz i\u00e7in yap\u0131yoruz, ba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil. M\u00fczelerdeki resimlere bak\u0131yor ve onlar\u0131n sadece sizin i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz. Bu eserlerin \u00e7o\u011fu, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, insanlar\u0131n tatmin edilmesi i\u00e7in de\u011fil. Bu ke\u015fifler, tatmin i\u00e7in yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olanlardan daha keyifli olabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Leonardo \u00e7ox sah\u0259li idi. Onun \u0259n h\u00f6rm\u0259tli x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri: o, \u00e7ox \u015fey m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l edirdi. Bu g\u00fcn insanlar onu yaln\u0131z dahi r\u0259ssam v\u0259 u\u00e7an aparat\u0131n ixtira\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kimi tan\u0131y\u0131r. Bununla bel\u0259, Leonardo'nun bir x\u0259yali lider oldu\u011fu, raket da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn konsepsiyalar\u0131 bir k\u0259nara atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259k olur. \u018fslind\u0259, o, \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 texniki k\u0259\u015ffl\u0259r etdi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, dem\u0259k olar ki, o, yaln\u0131z dahi r\u0259ssam deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l m\u00fch\u0259ndis idi. <\/p>\n

M\u0259nim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onun r\u0259sm \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259sas rol oynay\u0131r. O, d\u00fcnyan\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131, g\u00f6z\u0259li g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kd\u0259 deyildi. Yen\u0259 d\u0259, Leonardo'nun \u015f\u0259kill\u0259ri d\u00fcnya s\u0259viyy\u0259li r\u0259ssamlar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 eyni m\u00fcst\u0259vid\u0259 dayan\u0131r. He\u00e7 kim, n\u0259 ondan \u0259vv\u0259l, n\u0259 d\u0259 ondan sonra, he\u00e7 kimin baxmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxtda o q\u0259d\u0259r yax\u015f\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Robert Morris<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Robert Morris h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 h\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259 haql\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r \u015feyi bilm\u0259k laz\u0131m oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, amma \u0259slind\u0259 bu inan\u0131lmaz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 asand\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r buna \u0259min deyils\u0259ns\u0259, he\u00e7 n\u0259 dem\u0259. \u018fg\u0259r s\u0259n h\u0259r \u015feyi bil\u0259n deyils\u0259ns\u0259, sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq, \u00e7ox dan\u0131\u015fma.<\/p>\n

Daha d\u0259qiq des\u0259k, s\u0259nin dem\u0259k ist\u0259dikl\u0259rin\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Bu hiyl\u0259ni istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, Robert, bildiyim q\u0259d\u0259ri il\u0259, yaln\u0131z bir d\u0259f\u0259, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 oldu\u011fu zaman s\u0259hv etdi. Mac \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131qda, o, ki\u00e7ik masa\u00fcst\u00fc komp\u00fcterl\u0259rin h\u0259qiqi hakerlik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn he\u00e7 vaxt uy\u011fun olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dedi.<\/p>\n

Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 bu hiyl\u0259 adlanm\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r o, bunun hiyl\u0259 oldu\u011funu ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fs\u0259ydi, m\u00fctl\u0259q h\u0259y\u0259can an\u0131nda buna g\u00f6r\u0259 geri \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259c\u0259kdi. Robertd\u0259 bu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259t qan\u0131nda var. O, bununla yana\u015f\u0131 inan\u0131lmaz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fcr\u00fcstd\u00fcr. O, yaln\u0131z h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 haql\u0131 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 haql\u0131 oldu\u011funu bilir.<\/p>\n

Siz y\u0259qin ki, he\u00e7 vaxt s\u0259hv etm\u0259m\u0259yin nec\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcn\u00fcz v\u0259 h\u0259r k\u0259s bunu etdi. Fikirl\u0259ri v\u0259 ideyan\u0131 eyni d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 diqq\u0259tl\u0259 izl\u0259m\u0259k \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tindir. Amma praktikada bunu he\u00e7 kim etmir. M\u0259n bunun n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0259tin oldu\u011funu bil\u0259m. Robertl\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n sonra, bu prinsipi proqram t\u0259minat\u0131nda istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131m, o, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, bunu hardware-d\u0259 t\u0259tbiq etmi\u015fdi. <\/p>\n

P. G. Wodehouse <\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

N\u0259hay\u0259t, insanlar yazar Wodehouse-un \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcl\u0259r. Bu g\u00fcn yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 kimi q\u0259bul edilm\u0259k ist\u0259yirsinizs\u0259, t\u0259hsilli olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. \u018fg\u0259r yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ictimai tan\u0131nma \u0259ld\u0259 edibs\u0259 v\u0259 g\u00fclm\u0259lidirs\u0259, bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 alt\u0131na al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Wodehouse-un \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini bu q\u0259d\u0259r cazib\u0259dar ed\u0259n m\u0259hz budur \u2013 o, n\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilirdi v\u0259 m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 bununla f\u0259rqli m\u00fcnasib\u0259t\u0259 haz\u0131rl\u0131ql\u0131 idi. <\/p>\n

Evelyn Waugh onun \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu q\u0259bul etdi, amma o d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 insanlar bunu \u00e7ox c\u0259ngav\u0259r v\u0259 eyni zamanda yanl\u0131\u015f bir jest adland\u0131rd\u0131lar. O vaxt h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir t\u0259sad\u00fcfi memuar roman\u0131 yeni bitirmi\u015f bir universitet m\u0259zunundan \u0259d\u0259biyyat m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259si t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n daha \u00e7ox h\u00f6rm\u0259t\u0259 layiq g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n

Wodehouse b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 sad\u0259 atomlarla ba\u015flad\u0131, amma onlar\u0131 molekullara birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 formas\u0131 dem\u0259k olar ki, m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l idi. Onun ritmi, x\u00fcsusil\u0259. Bu, m\u0259ni bunun \u0259traf\u0131nda utand\u0131raraq yazma\u011fa m\u0259cbur edir. Yaln\u0131z iki ba\u015fqa yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 bilir\u0259m ki, \u00fcslub bax\u0131m\u0131ndan ona yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131lar: Evelyn Waugh v\u0259 Nancy Mitford. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 n\u0259f\u0259r ingilis dilini el\u0259 bil \u00f6zl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Amma Wodehouse\u2019un he\u00e7 bir \u015feyi yox idi. O, bundan utanm\u0131rd\u0131. Evelyn Waugh v\u0259 Nancy Mitford ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n onlar\u0131 nec\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc il\u0259 maraqlan\u0131rd\u0131lar: o, aristokratik g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi; o, yet\u0259rinc\u0259 a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan qorxurdu. Amma Wodehouse, onun haqq\u0131nda n\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckl\u0259ri il\u0259 maraqlanm\u0131rd\u0131. O, sad\u0259c\u0259 ist\u0259diyi \u015feyi yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Aleksandr Calder<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Calder bu siyah\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc \u00e7\u00fcnki m\u0259ni xo\u015fb\u0259xt edir. Onun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri Leonardo il\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259t apara bil\u0259rmi? Y\u0259qin ki, yox. H\u0259m\u00e7inin 20-ci \u0259sr\u0259 aid olan he\u00e7 n\u0259 d\u0259 buna b\u0259nz\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259z. Amma Modernizmd\u0259 olan b\u00fct\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131l\u0131qlar Calderd\u0259 m\u00f6vcuddur v\u0259 o, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 m\u0259xsus y\u00fcng\u00fcll\u00fckl\u0259 yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Videonu\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Modernizmin yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fi onun yeniliyi, t\u0259z\u0259liyidir. 19-cu \u0259sr inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259ti bo\u011fulma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.
\nO d\u00f6vrd\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur olan \u015f\u0259kill\u0259r \u0259slind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck, b\u0259z\u0259kli v\u0259 saxta m\u00fclklerin inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t ekvivalentl\u0259ri idi. Modernizm, yenid\u0259n ba\u015flama\u011f\u0131, u\u015faqlar\u0131n etdikl\u0259ri kimi, ciddi motivl\u0259rl\u0259 \u015feyl\u0259r yaratma\u011f\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi. Bu imkanlardan \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n r\u0259ssamlar, i\u00e7l\u0259rind\u0259 u\u015faq inam\u0131n\u0131 saxlayanlar, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Cl\u0131 v\u0259 Calder oldu.<\/p>\n

Cl\u0131 bir \u00e7ox f\u0259rqli \u00fcslubda i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edirdi. Amma ikisi aras\u0131nda, m\u0259n Cald\u0259ri daha \u00e7ox sevir\u0259m \u00e7\u00fcnki onun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri daha sevincli g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin m\u0259nas\u0131 izl\u0259yicini c\u0259lb etm\u0259kdir. Onun n\u0259yin xo\u015funa g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yini proqnozla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00e7\u0259tindir; tez-tez \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 maraql\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n, bir ay sonra sizi s\u0131xma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Calderin heyk\u0259ll\u0259ri he\u00e7 vaxt dar\u0131xd\u0131rm\u0131r. Onlar orada sakitc\u0259 oturub, he\u00e7 vaxt bo\u015falmayan batareyaya b\u0259nz\u0259y\u0259n optimizmi yay\u0131rlar. Kitablar v\u0259 \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rd\u0259n bildiyim q\u0259d\u0259ri il\u0259, Calderin i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259ki xo\u015fb\u0259xtlik onun \u00f6z xo\u015fb\u0259xtliyinin \u0259ksidir. <\/p>\n

Jane Austen <\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Ham\u0131 Jane Austin-d\u0259n heyran qal\u0131b. M\u0259nim ad\u0131m\u0131 da bu siyah\u0131ya \u0259lav\u0259 edin. M\u0259nc\u0259, o, b\u00fct\u00fcn zamanlar\u0131n \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r, nec\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259dir. \u018fks\u0259r romanlar\u0131 oxuyanda, m\u00fc\u0259llifin se\u00e7imi q\u0259d\u0259r hekay\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirir\u0259m. Amma onun romanlar\u0131nda mexanizmi g\u00f6r\u0259 bilmir\u0259m. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r, nec\u0259 edir, amma ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcr\u0259m, \u00e7\u00fcnki o, o q\u0259d\u0259r yax\u015f\u0131 yaz\u0131r ki, hekay\u0259l\u0259ri uydurulmu\u015f kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcr. El\u0259 bil, h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n ba\u015f vermi\u015f bir olay\u0131n t\u0259svirini oxuyuram. G\u0259nc olanda \u00e7ox roman oxumu\u015fdum. Onlar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini indi oxuya bilmir\u0259m, \u00e7\u00fcnki kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259lumat yoxdur. Romanlar tarix v\u0259 bioqrafiya il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7ox kas\u0131bd\u0131r. Amma Austin-i oxumaq, elmi \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 oxuma\u011fa b\u0259nz\u0259yir. O, o q\u0259d\u0259r yax\u015f\u0131 yaz\u0131r ki, onun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bel\u0259 f\u0259rq etmir\u0259m. <\/p>\n

Con McCarthy<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Con McCarthy Lisp-i icad etdi, s\u00fcni intellekt sah\u0259sini (y\u0259qin ki, ya da \u0259n az\u0131 bu terminl\u0259) v\u0259 Massachusetts Texnologiya \u0130nstitutunda v\u0259 Stanfordda \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 komputer elml\u0259ri b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259rinin ilk \u00fczvl\u0259rind\u0259n biri idi. He\u00e7 k\u0259s onun m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m biri oldu\u011funu inkar etm\u0259z, amma m\u0259nim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn o, Lisp s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n x\u00fcsusi birisidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ndi biz onun d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f konseptual s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015f\u0131 anlamaqda \u00e7\u0259tinlik \u00e7\u0259kirik. Paradoksal olaraq, onun nailiyy\u0259tini qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259kd\u0259 bu q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0259tin olma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri, onun bu q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tli olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Son 20 ild\u0259 ixtira edil\u0259n h\u0259r proqramla\u015fd\u0131rma dili Lisp-d\u0259n ideyalar g\u0259tirir v\u0259 h\u0259r il h\u0259rfi olaraq bir orta proqramla\u015fd\u0131rma dili daha \u00e7ox Lisp-\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259yir. <\/p>\n

1958-ci ild\u0259 bu ideyalar tamamil\u0259 ayd\u0131n deyildi. 1958-ci ild\u0259 proqramla\u015fd\u0131rmaya iki bax\u0131\u015fdan yana\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. B\u0259zi insanlar onu riyaziyyat kimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc v\u0259 Turing ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131na aid h\u0259r \u015feyi isbat edirdi. Dig\u0259rl\u0259ri is\u0259 proqramla\u015fd\u0131rma dilini bir \u015feyl\u0259r etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir yol kimi q\u0259bul edirdi v\u0259 o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn texnologiyas\u0131ndan \u00e7ox t\u0259sirl\u0259nmi\u015f dill\u0259r inki\u015faf etdirirdil\u0259r. Yaln\u0131z McCarthy bu bax\u0131\u015f f\u0259rqini a\u015fd\u0131. O, riyaziyyat olan bir dil haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Lakin \"haz\u0131rlad\u0131\" ifad\u0259si tam d\u00fczg\u00fcn deyil, daha do\u011frusu, \"k\u0259\u015ff etdi\" dem\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

Spitfire<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Bu siyah\u0131n\u0131 yazark\u0259n, Douglas Bader, Reginald Joseph Mitchell v\u0259 Jeffrey Quill kimi insanlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc hiss etdim v\u0259 anlad\u0131m ki, onlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda bir \u00e7ox \u015feyl\u0259r etm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, onlar\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n bir amil var: Spitfire.
\nBu bir q\u0259hr\u0259manlar siyah\u0131s\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7ind\u0259 ma\u015f\u0131n nec\u0259 ola bil\u0259r? \u00c7\u00fcnki bu ma\u015f\u0131n sad\u0259c\u0259 bir ma\u015f\u0131n deyil. O, q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131n prizmas\u0131 idi. Bunun i\u00e7ind\u0259 qeyri-adi bir sadiqlik vard\u0131 v\u0259 ondan ciddi bir c\u0259sar\u0259t qopurdu. <\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 genellikle iyilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck aras\u0131ndaki bir m\u00fccadele olarak an\u0131l\u0131r, ancak sava\u015flar aras\u0131ndaki yap\u0131 tam olarak b\u00f6yleydi. Spitfire'\u0131n intikam\u0131, ME 109, sert ve pratik bir u\u00e7akt\u0131. Bu, bir katil makinesiydi. Spitfire, iyimserli\u011fin bir simgesiydi. Ve sadece bu g\u00fczel dizelerde de\u011fil: o, esasen \u00fcretim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ula\u015f\u0131lan zirveydi. Ama daha yukar\u0131da olabilece\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde hakl\u0131yd\u0131k. G\u00fczel olan yaln\u0131zca havada s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Stiv Cobs<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Kennedy'nin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fayan insanlar, bunun ne zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini hat\u0131rlamakta genellikle olduk\u00e7a kesinlerdir. Arkada\u015f\u0131m bana Steve Jobs'un kanser oldu\u011funu sordu\u011funda nerede bulundu\u011fumu tam olarak hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Sanki yer alt\u0131mdan kaybolmu\u015ftu. Birka\u00e7 saniye sonra, bunun nadir ve ameliyat edilebilir bir kanser t\u00fcr\u00fc oldu\u011funu ve her \u015feyin yolunda gidece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Ancak bu saniyeler sonsuz gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. <\/p>\n

Jobs'u listeye al\u0131p almama konusunda karars\u0131zd\u0131m. Apple'daki \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi ondan korkuyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor, bu da k\u00f6t\u00fc bir i\u015farettir. Ama o, hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. Steve Jobs'u tan\u0131mlayacak bir kelime yok. Apple'\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini tek ba\u015f\u0131na yaratmad\u0131. Tarihsel olarak, onun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na en yak\u0131n benzetme, b\u00fcy\u00fck R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde sanat \u00fczerindeki himayeciliktir. \u015eirketin CEO'su olarak, onu benzersiz k\u0131lan budur. \u00c7o\u011fu y\u00f6netici tercihlerini astlar\u0131na aktar\u0131r. Geli\u015ftirme paradoksu, se\u00e7imin daha az veya daha fazla rastgele belirlenmi\u015f oldu\u011fudur. Ama Steve Jobs'un kendi zevki vard\u0131 \u2014 \u00f6yle bir zevk ki, d\u00fcnyaya zevkin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerinden \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. <\/p>\n

\u0130saak Newton<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Newton'un kahramanlar panteonumdaki garip bir rol\u00fc var: kendimi onunla su\u00e7luyorum. Hayat\u0131n\u0131n en az\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u00f6nemli \u015feyler \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015feyler \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken dikkat da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r. Yan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z sorular herkesin iyi bildi\u011fi sorulard\u0131r. Anl\u0131k \u00f6d\u00fcller al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z \u2014 asl\u0131nda, \u00f6ncelikli sorular \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, daha fazla \u00f6d\u00fcl al\u0131yorsunuz. Ama, hak edilmi\u015f belirsizlik yoluna \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 kabul etmekten rahats\u0131z\u0131m. Ger\u00e7ekten b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fler yapabilmek i\u00e7in, insanlar\u0131n bile sorgulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorular\u0131 aramak gerekir. O d\u00f6nemde Newton gibi muhtemelen ba\u015fka insanlar da vard\u0131, ama Newton, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131n\u0131n benim modelimdir. Onun i\u00e7in bu nas\u0131l bir his olmal\u0131d\u0131r, yeni anlamaya ba\u015fl\u0131yorum. Tek bir hayat\u0131n\u0131z var. Neden harika bir \u015fey yapmayas\u0131n\u0131z? \"Paradigma kaymas\u0131\" ifadesi art\u0131k \u00e7ok s\u0131k kullan\u0131l\u0131yor, ancak Kuhn'un bir \u015fey anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorum. Ve bunun arkas\u0131nda, \u015fu an bizden uzakta olan tembellik ve aptall\u0131k duvar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131 tutan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fey var. E\u011fer Newton gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsak, bu duvar\u0131n yak\u0131n zamanda \u00e7ok ince g\u00f6r\u00fcnece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. <\/p>\n

T\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr edir\u0259m Trevour Blackwell, Jessica Livingston v\u0259 Jackie McDonough-a bu m\u0259qal\u0259nin eskizl\u0259rini oxuduqlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259nin bir hiss\u0259si tamamlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r translatedby.com\/you\/some-heroes\/into-az\/trans\/?page=2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n