{"id":75425,"date":"2020-03-26T07:42:30","date_gmt":"2020-03-26T05:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/luchshie-10-hitrostej-i-sovetov-po-kubernetes"},"modified":"2020-03-26T07:42:30","modified_gmt":"2020-03-26T05:42:30","slug":"luchshie-10-hitrostej-i-sovetov-po-kubernetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/az\/blog\/administrirovanie\/luchshie-10-hitrostej-i-sovetov-po-kubernetes","title":{"rendered":"Kubernetes \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 10 f\u0259nd v\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kubernetes
\n
\n\u0130nternetd\u0259 \u00e7oxlu m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 var, lakin b\u0259z\u0259n \u0259n d\u0259y\u0259rli olanlar \u0259n sad\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rdir. Komanda Mail.ru-dan Kubernetes aaS<\/a><\/noindex> t\u0259rtib etdi on hiyl\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n ibar\u0259t bir se\u00e7im<\/a><\/noindex>, hans\u0131 ki, m\u0259qal\u0259nin m\u00fc\u0259llifi Kubernetes il\u0259 bir il i\u015fl\u0259dikd\u0259n sonra toplad\u0131. M\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259r \u00f6n\u0259mlilik s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 s\u0131ralanmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r, amma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fck ki, h\u0259r k\u0259s \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 faydal\u0131 bir \u015fey tapacaq.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kubernetes il\u0259 i\u015fd\u0259ki \u0259n sad\u0259 komanda<\/h2>\n

\nBa\u015flamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, Kubernetes il\u0259 i\u015fd\u0259ki \u0259n sad\u0259 v\u0259 faydal\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 icra etm\u0259kdir. N\u00f6vb\u0259ti komandada kubectl<\/code> bash qab\u0131\u011f\u0131nda avtomatik tamamlanma aktivl\u0259\u015fdirilir:<\/p>\n

echo \"source > ~\/.bashrc\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAvtomatik tamamlanma kubectl<\/code> .bashrc fayl\u0131nda yaz\u0131lacaq v\u0259 qovlu\u011fu i\u015f\u0259 salark\u0259n h\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 avtomatik olaraq aktivl\u0259\u015f\u0259c\u0259k. Bu, uzun komandalar\u0131n v\u0259 parametrl\u0259rin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirir, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n all-namespaces<\/code>. Daha \u0259trafl\u0131 m\u0259lumat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Kubernetes-in bash k\u00f6m\u0259k fayl\u0131na bax\u0131n.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Namespace-daki yadda\u015f v\u0259 CPU \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn varsay\u0131lan m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r<\/h2>\n
\n\u018fg\u0259r t\u0259tbiq d\u00fczg\u00fcn yaz\u0131lmay\u0131bsa, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, h\u0259r saniy\u0259 yeni bir veril\u0259nl\u0259r bazas\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259si a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, amma he\u00e7 vaxt ba\u011flanm\u0131rsa, klasterd\u0259 yadda\u015f s\u0131zmas\u0131 ba\u015f verir. H\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259tbiq yerl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259rk\u0259n yadda\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259t qoyulmay\u0131bsa, bu, d\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Bunu qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Kubernetes h\u0259r bir namespace \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn varsay\u0131lan m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259yin etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. Bunlar m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir namespace \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaml fayl\u0131nda qeyd olunur. Bel\u0259 bir fayl\u0131n n\u00fcmun\u0259si:<\/p>\n
apiVersion: v1\nkind: LimitRange\nmetadata:\n  name: mem-limit-range\nspec:\n  limits:\n  - default:\n      memory: 512Mi\n    defaultRequest:\n      memory: 256Mi\n    type: Container\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nBel\u0259 bir yaml yarad\u0131n v\u0259 ist\u0259nil\u0259n namespace-\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edin. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, limit-example<\/code>namespace-\u0259. \u0130ndi bu namespace-d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f h\u0259r bir konteyner \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 512Mi limiti t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259c\u0259k, \u0259g\u0259r h\u0259min konteyner \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lav\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir f\u0259rdi limit t\u0259yin olunmay\u0131bsa.<\/p>\n
Kubernetes-in k\u00f6hn\u0259 versiyalar\u0131nda tullant\u0131lar\u0131n t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si<\/h2>\n
\nKubelet varsay\u0131lan olaraq tullant\u0131lar\u0131n t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r, \u0259g\u0259r var\/lib\/docker<\/i> m\u0259lumatdiskinin 90%-ni tutursa. Bu g\u00f6z\u0259ldir, lakin Kubernetes 1.7-d\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l inode (indeksl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f deskriptorlar) \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn varsay\u0131lan bir limit yoxdur ki, bu da fayl sistemind\u0259ki fayllar\u0131n say\u0131na uy\u011fun g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n
Potensial olaraq, konteyneriniz yaln\u0131z 50% m\u0259lumatdiskini istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259r, lakin bu halda inodlar t\u00fck\u0259n\u0259 bil\u0259r ki, bu da i\u015f\u00e7i prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 probleml\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. var\/lib\/docker<\/i> Kubelet-in 1.4-d\u0259n 1.6-ya q\u0259d\u0259rki k\u00f6hn\u0259 versiyalar\u0131nda bel\u0259 bir bayra\u011f\u0131 \u0259lav\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r:<\/p>\n
--eviction-hard\n=memory.available<100Mi,nodefs.available<10%,nodefs.inodesFree<5%<\/p>\n
1.7 v\u0259 daha yeni versiyalarda bu bayraq varsay\u0131lan olaraq aktivdir. Lakin \u0259vv\u0259lki versiyalar inod limitini izl\u0259mirdi.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nMinikube... ki\u00e7ik, lakin g\u00fccl\u00fc yerli Kubernetes<\/p>\n
Minikube yerli Kubernetes klasterini i\u015f\u0259 salma\u011f\u0131n \u0259n asan yoludur. O, sad\u0259 bir komanda il\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131n\u0131r:<\/h2>\n
\nminikube start<\/p>\n
Bu komanday\u0131 icra etdikd\u0259n sonra komp\u00fcterinizd\u0259 ger\u00e7\u0259k bir Kubernetes klasteri f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259k.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nBu \u0259mri icra etdikd\u0259, komp\u00fcterinizd\u0259 ger\u00e7ek bir Kubernetes klasteri i\u015fl\u0259yir.<\/p>\n
\"Kubernetes
\n\u0130ll\u00fcstrasiya m\u0259nb\u0259yi<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
T\u0259tbiqi y\u0131\u011fmaq v\u0259 onu bu klasterd\u0259 yerli olaraq i\u015f\u0259 salma\u011f\u0131n inc\u0259likl\u0259ri. X\u00fcsusi g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fl\u0259r verilm\u0259diyi halda, Docker imaj\u0131 komp\u00fcterinizd\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131lacaq, klasterd\u0259 is\u0259 deyil.<\/p>\n
Docker-in imaj\u0131 yerli Kubernetes klasterin\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn docker ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u0259mri verin:<\/p>\n
eval $(minikube docker-env)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u0130ndi Kubernetes-in yerli klasterind\u0259 t\u0259tbiql\u0259ri y\u0131\u011fa bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n
kubectl-\u0259 ham\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f icaz\u0259sini verm\u0259yin<\/h2>\n
\nBu, a\u015fkar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, amma bir ne\u00e7\u0259 komanda \u00f6z t\u0259tbiql\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn eyni klasteri istifad\u0259 edirs\u0259 (Kubernetes-in yarad\u0131lma s\u0259b\u0259bi d\u0259 budur), sad\u0259c\u0259 h\u0259r k\u0259s\u0259 icaz\u0259 verm\u0259k olmaz. kubectl<\/code>Komandalar\u0131 ay\u0131rmaq daha yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131r, h\u0259r birinin \u00f6z ad bo\u015flu\u011funu ay\u0131raraq v\u0259 RBAC siyas\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 giri\u015fl\u0259ri m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rmaqla.<\/p>\n
H\u0259r bir pod \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn giri\u015f, oxuma, yaratma, silm\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u0259m\u0259liyyatlara h\u00fcquqlar tan\u0131ma\u011f\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan \u0259trafl\u0131 i\u015f\u0259 ba\u015flamaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Amma \u0259sas odur ki, gizli m\u0259lumatlara giri\u015f yaln\u0131z administratorlara icaz\u0259 verilsin. Bu, klasteri idar\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259nl\u0259r il\u0259 orada sad\u0259c\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259nl\u0259r aras\u0131nda f\u0259rq qoyur.<\/p>\n
Pod b\u00fcdc\u0259l\u0259rini idar\u0259 edin<\/h2>\n
\nKubernetes klasterind\u0259 t\u0259tbiqin dayanma m\u00fcdd\u0259tini nec\u0259 t\u0259min etm\u0259k olar? PodDisruptionBudget v\u0259 bir daha PodDisruptionBudget.<\/p>\n
Klasterl\u0259r m\u00fct\u0259madi olaraq yenil\u0259nir v\u0259 d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259r bo\u015fald\u0131l\u0131r. He\u00e7 n\u0259 sabit qalm\u0131r, bu, reall\u0131qd\u0131r. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 instansiyas\u0131 olan h\u0259r bir yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fctl\u0259q PDB (PodDisruptionBudget) daxil edilm\u0259lidir. O, klaster\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olunan sad\u0259 bir yaml fayl\u0131nda yarad\u0131l\u0131r. M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n PDB-nin \u0259hat\u0259 dair\u0259si etiket se\u00e7icil\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir.<\/p>\n
Qeyd:<\/strong> PDB b\u00fcdc\u0259si yaln\u0131z geri qaytar\u0131lan b\u00fcdc\u0259 pozuntusu zaman\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131r (\u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259d\u0259n planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f pozuntu<\/a><\/noindex>). Avadanl\u0131q q\u0259zalar\u0131 kimi hallar zaman\u0131 PDB i\u015f\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n
PDB n\u00fcmun\u0259si:<\/strong><\/p>\n
apiVersion: policy\/v1beta1\nkind: PodDisruptionBudget\nmetadata:\n  name: app-a-pdb\nspec:\n  minAvailable: 2\n  selector:\n      matchLabels:\n        app: app-a\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u0130ki \u0259sas parametr bunlard\u0131r matchLabels<\/code> v\u0259 minAvailable<\/code>. Birinci parametr, hans\u0131 t\u0259tbiql\u0259r\u0259 b\u00fcdc\u0259nin t\u0259tbiq olundu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u0259g\u0259r m\u0259nim etiketl\u0259ri olan yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rim varsa app: app-a<\/code> v\u0259 app: app-b<\/code>, bu PDB yaln\u0131z birincil\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olunacaq.<\/p>\n
Parametr minAvailable<\/code> bir d\u00fcy\u00fcn bo\u015fald\u0131ld\u0131qda (t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259 zaman\u0131) n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bizim n\u00fcmun\u0259d\u0259 bo\u015fald\u0131lma zaman\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn instansiyalar app: app-a<\/code>, iki istisna olmaqla, yerind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu, t\u0259tbiqin h\u0259r an ne\u00e7\u0259 instansiyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131nmal\u0131 oldu\u011funa n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir.<\/p>\n
T\u0259tbiqin sa\u011flaml\u0131q monitorinqi<\/h2>\n
\nBel\u0259 monitorinq iki yolla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: Readiness v\u0259 Liveness probe-l\u0259ri il\u0259.<\/p>\n
Birinci probe (readiness) konteynerin trafik q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131r olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci (liveness) konteynerin sa\u011flam olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ya da onu yenid\u0259n ba\u015flatmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcvafiq konfiqurasiyalar sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaml-a \u0259lav\u0259 edilir. Orada zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131, gecikm\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259ti v\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131q say\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. Onlar haqq\u0131nda daha \u0259trafl\u0131 m\u0259lumat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Kubernetes s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
etiketl\u0259r h\u0259r yerd\u0259<\/h2>\n
\nEtiketler - Kubernetes'te temel kavramlardan biridir. Bu, nesnelerin birbirleriyle serbest\u00e7e ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmas\u0131n\u0131 ve etiketlere dayal\u0131 sorgular olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Kubernetes'te, belirli etiketlere g\u00f6re olaylar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemek i\u00e7in istemciye ge\u00e7i\u015f yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Etiketlerle neredeyse her \u015feyi yapabilirsiniz, ancak iyi bir \u00f6rnek, tek bir k\u00fcmede birden fazla ortamda program \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Diyelim ki, ayn\u0131 k\u00fcme i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131yorsunuz dev<\/code> v\u0259 qa<\/code>. Bu, \"app-a\" adl\u0131 bir uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n iki ortamda ayn\u0131 anda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. app-a<\/code>. Bu durumda, belirli bir ortamda uygulaman\u0131n \u00f6rne\u011fine eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in ilgili parametreyi belirtebiliriz qa<\/code> v\u0259 dev<\/code>. \u00d6rne\u011fin, environment<\/code>environment: dev app: app-a<\/code> v\u0259 bir ortam i\u00e7in ve<\/code> environment: qa app: app-a<\/code> v\u0259 ikinci i\u00e7in.<\/code> Bu, her iki uygulama \u00f6rne\u011fine eri\u015fim sa\u011flaman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r; \u00f6rne\u011fin, ayn\u0131 anda test yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
D\u00fczenleyin<\/p>\n
Kubernetes \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sistemdir, ancak her sistem sonunda \u00e7ok say\u0131da s\u00fcre\u00e7le kar\u0131\u015fabilir. Kubelet, belirtti\u011finiz t\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve kontrolleri ba\u015flat\u0131r ve kendi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini de y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/h2>\n
\nElbette, bir sahipsiz hizmet sistemi yava\u015flatmaz ve Kubernetes ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00f6l\u00e7eklenmek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, bir hizmet yerine milyon olursa, kubelet bo\u011fulmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
Herhangi bir nedenle bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m (konteyner, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc, ne olursa olsun) silerseniz, tamamen temizlendi\u011finden emin olun.<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131\u015f\u0131n Go ile<\/p>\n
Sonunda vermek istedi\u011fimiz ana tavsiye bu. Go programlama dilini \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/h2>\n
\nKubernetes Go ile geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir, t\u00fcm uzant\u0131lar Go ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve resmi olarak client-go istemci k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi desteklenmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu, farkl\u0131 ve ilgin\u00e7 \u015feyler yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Kubernetes sistemini ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kendi programlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz; veri toplama, uygulama da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 veya konteynerlerin basit temizlenmesi i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n
Go programlama dilini \u00f6\u011frenmek ve client-go'yu benimsemek, Kubernetes kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na en \u00f6nemli tavsiye olabilir.<\/p>\n
Mail.ru Cloud Solutions deste\u011fiyle \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n
Daha fazla okumak i\u00e7in<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Kubernetes \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri: \u00c7ok Say\u0131da K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya Az Say\u0131da B\u00fcy\u00fck<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. Kubernetes-d\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 avtomatik geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259si v\u0259 onlar\u0131 nec\u0259 s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k olar<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n
  2. Kubernetes da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ve y\u00f6netim i\u00e7in 25 yararl\u0131 ara\u00e7<\/a><\/noindex>?<\/li>\n
  3. Firefox Better Web with Scroll - Mozilla'n\u0131n yeni gelir modeli<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    M\u0259nb\u0259: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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