
, dizajniran za prikupljanje, transformaciju i slanje podataka dnevnika, metrike i događaja.
→
Pošto je napisan na Rust jeziku, karakterišu ga visoke performanse i niska potrošnja RAM-a u odnosu na njegove analoge. Osim toga, velika pažnja se poklanja funkcijama koje se odnose na ispravnost, posebno mogućnosti spremanja neposlanih događaja u međuspremnik na disku i rotiranja datoteka.
Arhitektonski, Vector je ruter događaja koji prima poruke od jednog ili više izvora, opciono primjenjujući se na ove poruke transformacije, i slanje ih jednom ili više njih odvodi.
Vector je zamjena za filebeat i logstash, može djelovati u obje uloge (primanje i slanje logova), više detalja o njima .
Ako je u Logstash-u lanac izgrađen kao ulaz → filter → izlaz onda je u Vector-u → →
Primjeri se mogu naći u dokumentaciji.
Ovo uputstvo je revidirano uputstvo iz . Originalne upute sadrže geoip obradu. Prilikom testiranja geoip-a iz interne mreže, vektor je dao grešku.
Aug 05 06:25:31.889 DEBUG transform{name=nginx_parse_rename_fields type=rename_fields}: vector::transforms::rename_fields: Field did not exist field=«geoip.country_name» rate_limit_secs=30Ako netko treba obraditi geoip, onda pogledajte originalne upute iz .
Konfigurisaćemo kombinaciju Nginx (pristupni zapisnici) → Vektor (Klijent | Filebeat) → Vektor (Server | Logstash) → zasebno u Clickhouse i posebno u Elasticsearch. Instalirat ćemo 4 servera. Iako ga možete zaobići sa 3 servera.

Šema je otprilike ovakva.
Onemogućite Selinux na svim vašim serverima
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
rebootInstaliramo emulator HTTP servera + uslužne programe na sve servere
Kao emulator HTTP servera koristićemo iz
Nodejs-stub-server nema rpm. kreirajte rpm za to. rpm će biti izgrađen pomoću
Dodajte spremište antonpatsev/nodejs-stub-server
yum -y install yum-plugin-copr epel-release
yes | yum copr enable antonpatsev/nodejs-stub-serverInstalirajte nodejs-stub-server, Apache benchmark i screen terminal multiplekser na svim serverima
yum -y install stub_http_server screen mc httpd-tools screenIspravio sam vrijeme odgovora stub_http_server u /var/lib/stub_http_server/stub_http_server.js datoteci tako da je bilo više dnevnika.
var max_sleep = 10;Pokrenimo stub_http_server.
systemctl start stub_http_server
systemctl enable stub_http_serverna serveru 3
ClickHouse koristi skup instrukcija SSE 4.2, tako da osim ako nije drugačije navedeno, podrška za njega u procesoru koji se koristi postaje dodatni sistemski zahtjev. Evo naredbe za provjeru podržava li trenutni procesor SSE 4.2:
grep -q sse4_2 /proc/cpuinfo && echo "SSE 4.2 supported" || echo "SSE 4.2 not supported"Prvo morate povezati službeni repozitorij:
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo rpm --import https://repo.clickhouse.tech/CLICKHOUSE-KEY.GPG
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://repo.clickhouse.tech/rpm/stable/x86_64Da biste instalirali pakete potrebno je da pokrenete sljedeće komande:
sudo yum install -y clickhouse-server clickhouse-clientDozvolite clickhouse-serveru da sluša mrežnu karticu u datoteci /etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml
<listen_host>0.0.0.0</listen_host>Promjena nivoa evidentiranja od praćenja do otklanjanja grešaka
debug
Standardne postavke kompresije:
min_compress_block_size 65536
max_compress_block_size 1048576Da biste aktivirali Zstd kompresiju, savjetovano je da se ne dodiruje konfiguracija, već da se koristi DDL.

Nisam mogao pronaći kako da koristim zstd kompresiju preko DDL-a u Google-u. Tako da sam ostavio kako jeste.
Kolege koji koriste zstd kompresiju u Clickhouseu, molimo podijelite upute.
Da pokrenete server kao demon, pokrenite:
service clickhouse-server startSada idemo na postavljanje Clickhouse-a
Idite na Clickhouse
clickhouse-client -h 172.26.10.109 -m172.26.10.109 — IP servera na kojem je instaliran Clickhouse.
Kreirajmo vektorsku bazu podataka
CREATE DATABASE vector;Provjerimo da li baza podataka postoji.
show databases;Kreirajte tablicu vector.logs.
/* Это таблица где хранятся логи как есть */
CREATE TABLE vector.logs
(
`node_name` String,
`timestamp` DateTime,
`server_name` String,
`user_id` String,
`request_full` String,
`request_user_agent` String,
`request_http_host` String,
`request_uri` String,
`request_scheme` String,
`request_method` String,
`request_length` UInt64,
`request_time` Float32,
`request_referrer` String,
`response_status` UInt16,
`response_body_bytes_sent` UInt64,
`response_content_type` String,
`remote_addr` IPv4,
`remote_port` UInt32,
`remote_user` String,
`upstream_addr` IPv4,
`upstream_port` UInt32,
`upstream_bytes_received` UInt64,
`upstream_bytes_sent` UInt64,
`upstream_cache_status` String,
`upstream_connect_time` Float32,
`upstream_header_time` Float32,
`upstream_response_length` UInt64,
`upstream_response_time` Float32,
`upstream_status` UInt16,
`upstream_content_type` String,
INDEX idx_http_host request_http_host TYPE set(0) GRANULARITY 1
)
ENGINE = MergeTree()
PARTITION BY toYYYYMMDD(timestamp)
ORDER BY timestamp
TTL timestamp + toIntervalMonth(1)
SETTINGS index_granularity = 8192;Provjeravamo da li su tabele kreirane. Pokrenimo clickhouse-client i uputite zahtjev.
Idemo na vektorsku bazu podataka.
use vector;
Ok.
0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.001 sec.Pogledajmo tabele.
show tables;
┌─name────────────────┐
│ logs │
└─────────────────────┘Instaliranje elasticsearch na 4. server za slanje istih podataka u Elasticsearch za poređenje sa Clickhouse
Dodajte javni rpm ključ
rpm --import https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearchKreirajmo 2 repo:
/etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch.repo
[elasticsearch]
name=Elasticsearch repository for 7.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=0
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md/etc/yum.repos.d/kibana.repo
[kibana-7.x]
name=Kibana repository for 7.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-mdInstalirajte elasticsearch i kibanu
yum install -y kibana elasticsearchPošto će biti u 1 kopiji, morate dodati sljedeće u /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml datoteku:
discovery.type: single-nodeKako bi taj vektor mogao slati podatke elasticsearch sa drugog servera, promijenimo network.host.
network.host: 0.0.0.0Da biste se povezali na kibana, promijenite parametar server.host u datoteci /etc/kibana/kibana.yml
server.host: "0.0.0.0"Stari i uključi elasticsearch u autostart
systemctl enable elasticsearch
systemctl start elasticsearchi kibana
systemctl enable kibana
systemctl start kibanaKonfiguriranje Elasticsearch-a za način rada s jednim čvorom 1 dio, 0 replika. Najvjerovatnije ćete imati klaster velikog broja servera i ne morate to da radite.
Za buduće indekse, ažurirajte zadani predložak:
curl -X PUT http://localhost:9200/_template/default -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"index_patterns": ["*"],"order": -1,"settings": {"number_of_shards": "1","number_of_replicas": "0"}}' postavljanje kao zamjena za Logstash na serveru 2
yum install -y https://packages.timber.io/vector/0.9.X/vector-x86_64.rpm mc httpd-tools screenPostavimo Vector kao zamjenu za Logstash. Uređivanje datoteke /etc/vector/vector.toml
# /etc/vector/vector.toml
data_dir = "/var/lib/vector"
[sources.nginx_input_vector]
# General
type = "vector"
address = "0.0.0.0:9876"
shutdown_timeout_secs = 30
[transforms.nginx_parse_json]
inputs = [ "nginx_input_vector" ]
type = "json_parser"
[transforms.nginx_parse_add_defaults]
inputs = [ "nginx_parse_json" ]
type = "lua"
version = "2"
hooks.process = """
function (event, emit)
function split_first(s, delimiter)
result = {};
for match in (s..delimiter):gmatch("(.-)"..delimiter) do
table.insert(result, match);
end
return result[1];
end
function split_last(s, delimiter)
result = {};
for match in (s..delimiter):gmatch("(.-)"..delimiter) do
table.insert(result, match);
end
return result[#result];
end
event.log.upstream_addr = split_first(split_last(event.log.upstream_addr, ', '), ':')
event.log.upstream_bytes_received = split_last(event.log.upstream_bytes_received, ', ')
event.log.upstream_bytes_sent = split_last(event.log.upstream_bytes_sent, ', ')
event.log.upstream_connect_time = split_last(event.log.upstream_connect_time, ', ')
event.log.upstream_header_time = split_last(event.log.upstream_header_time, ', ')
event.log.upstream_response_length = split_last(event.log.upstream_response_length, ', ')
event.log.upstream_response_time = split_last(event.log.upstream_response_time, ', ')
event.log.upstream_status = split_last(event.log.upstream_status, ', ')
if event.log.upstream_addr == "" then
event.log.upstream_addr = "127.0.0.1"
end
if (event.log.upstream_bytes_received == "-" or event.log.upstream_bytes_received == "") then
event.log.upstream_bytes_received = "0"
end
if (event.log.upstream_bytes_sent == "-" or event.log.upstream_bytes_sent == "") then
event.log.upstream_bytes_sent = "0"
end
if event.log.upstream_cache_status == "" then
event.log.upstream_cache_status = "DISABLED"
end
if (event.log.upstream_connect_time == "-" or event.log.upstream_connect_time == "") then
event.log.upstream_connect_time = "0"
end
if (event.log.upstream_header_time == "-" or event.log.upstream_header_time == "") then
event.log.upstream_header_time = "0"
end
if (event.log.upstream_response_length == "-" or event.log.upstream_response_length == "") then
event.log.upstream_response_length = "0"
end
if (event.log.upstream_response_time == "-" or event.log.upstream_response_time == "") then
event.log.upstream_response_time = "0"
end
if (event.log.upstream_status == "-" or event.log.upstream_status == "") then
event.log.upstream_status = "0"
end
emit(event)
end
"""
[transforms.nginx_parse_remove_fields]
inputs = [ "nginx_parse_add_defaults" ]
type = "remove_fields"
fields = ["data", "file", "host", "source_type"]
[transforms.nginx_parse_coercer]
type = "coercer"
inputs = ["nginx_parse_remove_fields"]
types.request_length = "int"
types.request_time = "float"
types.response_status = "int"
types.response_body_bytes_sent = "int"
types.remote_port = "int"
types.upstream_bytes_received = "int"
types.upstream_bytes_send = "int"
types.upstream_connect_time = "float"
types.upstream_header_time = "float"
types.upstream_response_length = "int"
types.upstream_response_time = "float"
types.upstream_status = "int"
types.timestamp = "timestamp"
[sinks.nginx_output_clickhouse]
inputs = ["nginx_parse_coercer"]
type = "clickhouse"
database = "vector"
healthcheck = true
host = "http://172.26.10.109:8123" # Адрес Clickhouse
table = "logs"
encoding.timestamp_format = "unix"
buffer.type = "disk"
buffer.max_size = 104900000
buffer.when_full = "block"
request.in_flight_limit = 20
[sinks.elasticsearch]
type = "elasticsearch"
inputs = ["nginx_parse_coercer"]
compression = "none"
healthcheck = true
# 172.26.10.116 - сервер где установен elasticsearch
host = "http://172.26.10.116:9200"
index = "vector-%Y-%m-%d"Možete prilagoditi odjeljak transforms.nginx_parse_add_defaults.
Pošto koristi ove konfiguracije za mali CDN i može postojati nekoliko vrijednosti u upstream_*
Na primjer:
"upstream_addr": "128.66.0.10:443, 128.66.0.11:443, 128.66.0.12:443"
"upstream_bytes_received": "-, -, 123"
"upstream_status": "502, 502, 200"Ako ovo nije vaša situacija, onda ovaj odjeljak može biti pojednostavljen
Kreirajmo servisne postavke za systemd /etc/systemd/system/vector.service
# /etc/systemd/system/vector.service
[Unit]
Description=Vector
After=network-online.target
Requires=network-online.target
[Service]
User=vector
Group=vector
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vector
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
Restart=no
StandardOutput=syslog
StandardError=syslog
SyslogIdentifier=vector
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetNakon kreiranja tabela, možete pokrenuti Vector
systemctl enable vector
systemctl start vectorVektorski logovi se mogu gledati ovako:
journalctl -f -u vectorTrebalo bi da ima ovakvih unosa u evidenciji
INFO vector::topology::builder: Healthcheck: Passed.
INFO vector::topology::builder: Healthcheck: Passed.Na klijentu (Web server) - 1. server
Na serveru sa nginxom, morate onemogućiti ipv6, pošto tabela evidencije u clickhouseu koristi polje upstream_addr IPv4, pošto ne koristim ipv6 unutar mreže. Ako ipv6 nije isključen, pojavit će se greške:
DB::Exception: Invalid IPv4 value.: (while read the value of key upstream_addr)Možda čitaoci, dodajte podršku za ipv6.
Kreirajte datoteku /etc/sysctl.d/98-disable-ipv6.conf
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1Primjena postavki
sysctl --systemHajde da instaliramo nginx.
Dodan fajl nginx spremišta /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=trueInstalirajte nginx paket
yum install -y nginxPrvo, treba da konfigurišemo format dnevnika u Nginx-u u datoteci /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
# you must set worker processes based on your CPU cores, nginx does not benefit from setting more than that
worker_processes auto; #some last versions calculate it automatically
# number of file descriptors used for nginx
# the limit for the maximum FDs on the server is usually set by the OS.
# if you don't set FD's then OS settings will be used which is by default 2000
worker_rlimit_nofile 100000;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
# provides the configuration file context in which the directives that affect connection processing are specified.
events {
# determines how much clients will be served per worker
# max clients = worker_connections * worker_processes
# max clients is also limited by the number of socket connections available on the system (~64k)
worker_connections 4000;
# optimized to serve many clients with each thread, essential for linux -- for testing environment
use epoll;
# accept as many connections as possible, may flood worker connections if set too low -- for testing environment
multi_accept on;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
log_format vector escape=json
'{'
'"node_name":"nginx-vector",'
'"timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
'"server_name":"$server_name",'
'"request_full": "$request",'
'"request_user_agent":"$http_user_agent",'
'"request_http_host":"$http_host",'
'"request_uri":"$request_uri",'
'"request_scheme": "$scheme",'
'"request_method":"$request_method",'
'"request_length":"$request_length",'
'"request_time": "$request_time",'
'"request_referrer":"$http_referer",'
'"response_status": "$status",'
'"response_body_bytes_sent":"$body_bytes_sent",'
'"response_content_type":"$sent_http_content_type",'
'"remote_addr": "$remote_addr",'
'"remote_port": "$remote_port",'
'"remote_user": "$remote_user",'
'"upstream_addr": "$upstream_addr",'
'"upstream_bytes_received": "$upstream_bytes_received",'
'"upstream_bytes_sent": "$upstream_bytes_sent",'
'"upstream_cache_status":"$upstream_cache_status",'
'"upstream_connect_time":"$upstream_connect_time",'
'"upstream_header_time":"$upstream_header_time",'
'"upstream_response_length":"$upstream_response_length",'
'"upstream_response_time":"$upstream_response_time",'
'"upstream_status": "$upstream_status",'
'"upstream_content_type":"$upstream_http_content_type"'
'}';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.json.log vector; # Новый лог в формате json
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}Kako ne biste narušili vašu trenutnu konfiguraciju, Nginx vam omogućava da imate nekoliko access_log direktiva
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; # Стандартный лог
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.json.log vector; # Новый лог в формате jsonNemojte zaboraviti dodati pravilo za logorotiranje za nove zapise (ako se datoteka dnevnika ne završava sa .log)
Ukloni default.conf iz /etc/nginx/conf.d/
rm -f /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.confDodajte virtualni host /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost1.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name vhost1;
location / {
proxy_pass http://172.26.10.106:8080;
}
}Dodajte virtualni host /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost2.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name vhost2;
location / {
proxy_pass http://172.26.10.108:8080;
}
}Dodajte virtualni host /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost3.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name vhost3;
location / {
proxy_pass http://172.26.10.109:8080;
}
}Dodajte virtualni host /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost4.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name vhost4;
location / {
proxy_pass http://172.26.10.116:8080;
}
}Dodajte virtuelne hostove (172.26.10.106 ip servera na kojem je instaliran nginx) svim serverima u /etc/hosts fajl:
172.26.10.106 vhost1
172.26.10.106 vhost2
172.26.10.106 vhost3
172.26.10.106 vhost4I ako je sve spremno
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginxHajde da ga sami instaliramo
yum install -y https://packages.timber.io/vector/0.9.X/vector-x86_64.rpmKreirajmo datoteku postavki za systemd /etc/systemd/system/vector.service
[Unit]
Description=Vector
After=network-online.target
Requires=network-online.target
[Service]
User=vector
Group=vector
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vector
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
Restart=no
StandardOutput=syslog
StandardError=syslog
SyslogIdentifier=vector
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetI konfigurišite zamenu za Filebeat u /etc/vector/vector.toml konfiguraciji. IP adresa 172.26.10.108 je IP adresa servera dnevnika (Vektor-Server)
data_dir = "/var/lib/vector"
[sources.nginx_file]
type = "file"
include = [ "/var/log/nginx/access.json.log" ]
start_at_beginning = false
fingerprinting.strategy = "device_and_inode"
[sinks.nginx_output_vector]
type = "vector"
inputs = [ "nginx_file" ]
address = "172.26.10.108:9876"Не забудте добавить юзера vector в нужную группу что бы он мог читать log файлы. Например, nginx в centos создает логи с правами группы adm.
usermod -a -G adm vectorPokrenimo vektorsku uslugu
systemctl enable vector
systemctl start vectorVektorski logovi se mogu gledati ovako:
journalctl -f -u vectorTrebao bi postojati ovakav unos u evidenciji
INFO vector::topology::builder: Healthcheck: Passed.Testiranje na stres
Testiranje se vrši pomoću Apache benchmark-a.
Paket httpd-tools je instaliran na svim serverima
Počinjemo testiranje koristeći Apache benchmark sa 4 različita servera na ekranu. Prvo pokrećemo multiplekser terminala ekrana, a zatim počinjemo testiranje koristeći Apache benchmark. Kako raditi sa ekranom možete pronaći u .
Od 1. servera
while true; do ab -H "User-Agent: 1server" -c 100 -n 10 -t 10 http://vhost1/; sleep 1; doneOd 2. servera
while true; do ab -H "User-Agent: 2server" -c 100 -n 10 -t 10 http://vhost2/; sleep 1; doneOd 3. servera
while true; do ab -H "User-Agent: 3server" -c 100 -n 10 -t 10 http://vhost3/; sleep 1; doneOd 4. servera
while true; do ab -H "User-Agent: 4server" -c 100 -n 10 -t 10 http://vhost4/; sleep 1; doneProvjerimo podatke u Clickhouseu
Idite na Clickhouse
clickhouse-client -h 172.26.10.109 -mIzrada SQL upita
SELECT * FROM vector.logs;
┌─node_name────┬───────────timestamp─┬─server_name─┬─user_id─┬─request_full───┬─request_user_agent─┬─request_http_host─┬─request_uri─┬─request_scheme─┬─request_method─┬─request_length─┬─request_time─┬─request_referrer─┬─response_status─┬─response_body_bytes_sent─┬─response_content_type─┬───remote_addr─┬─remote_port─┬─remote_user─┬─upstream_addr─┬─upstream_port─┬─upstream_bytes_received─┬─upstream_bytes_sent─┬─upstream_cache_status─┬─upstream_connect_time─┬─upstream_header_time─┬─upstream_response_length─┬─upstream_response_time─┬─upstream_status─┬─upstream_content_type─┐
│ nginx-vector │ 2020-08-07 04:32:42 │ vhost1 │ │ GET / HTTP/1.0 │ 1server │ vhost1 │ / │ http │ GET │ 66 │ 0.028 │ │ 404 │ 27 │ │ 172.26.10.106 │ 45886 │ │ 172.26.10.106 │ 0 │ 109 │ 97 │ DISABLED │ 0 │ 0.025 │ 27 │ 0.029 │ 404 │ │
└──────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────────┴─────────┴────────────────┴────────────────────┴───────────────────┴─────────────┴────────────────┴────────────────┴────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────────┴─────────────────┴──────────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴───────────────┴───────────────┴─────────────────────────┴─────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴──────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┴────────────────────────┴─────────────────┴───────────────────────Saznajte veličinu stolova u Clickhouseu
select concat(database, '.', table) as table,
formatReadableSize(sum(bytes)) as size,
sum(rows) as rows,
max(modification_time) as latest_modification,
sum(bytes) as bytes_size,
any(engine) as engine,
formatReadableSize(sum(primary_key_bytes_in_memory)) as primary_keys_size
from system.parts
where active
group by database, table
order by bytes_size desc;Hajde da saznamo koliko trupaca zauzima Clickhouse.

Veličina tabele dnevnika je 857.19 MB.

Veličina istih podataka u indeksu u Elasticsearch-u je 4,5 GB.
Ako ne navedete podatke u vektoru u parametrima, Clickhouse uzima 4500/857.19 = 5.24 puta manje nego u Elasticsearch.
U vektoru, polje kompresije se koristi po defaultu.
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izvor: www.habr.com
