Spole\u010dnost Kudelski Security, kter\u00e1 se specializuje na prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch audit\u016f, zve\u0159ejnila souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m Oramfs s implementac\u00ed technologie ORAM (Oblivious Random Access Machine), kter\u00e1 maskuje charakter p\u0159\u00edstupu k dat\u016fm. Projekt nab\u00edz\u00ed FUSE modul pro Linux, kter\u00fd implementuje vrstvu FS, je\u017e neumo\u017e\u0148uje sledovat strukturu z\u00e1pisov\u00fdch a \u010dtec\u00edch operac\u00ed. K\u00f3d Oramfs je naps\u00e1n v programovac\u00edm jazyce Rust a je distribuov\u00e1n pod licenc\u00ed GPLv3. <\/p>\n
Technologie ORAM p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed vrstvy krom\u011b \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 neumo\u017e\u0148uje zjistit charakter aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivity p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s daty. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat ve t\u0159et\u00ed stran\u011b, vlastn\u00edci t\u00e9to slu\u017eby nemohou zjistit samotn\u00e1 data, ale mohou ur\u010dit, k jak\u00fdm blok\u016fm doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edstupu a jak\u00e9 operace se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed. ORAM skr\u00fdv\u00e1 informace o tom, ke kter\u00fdm \u010d\u00e1stem FS je p\u0159\u00edstup a jak\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed operace se prov\u00e1d\u00ed (\u010dten\u00ed nebo z\u00e1pis). <\/p>\n
Oramfs poskytuje univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m-prost\u0159edn\u00edk, kter\u00fd usnad\u0148uje organizaci ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat na jak\u00fdchkoli extern\u00edch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch. Data jsou ulo\u017eena v za\u0161ifrovan\u00e9 podob\u011b s volitelnou mo\u017enost\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pravosti. Pro \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity algoritmy ChaCha8, AES-CTR a AES-GCM. Z\u00e1konitosti p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstupu na z\u00e1pis a \u010dten\u00ed jsou skryty pomoc\u00ed sch\u00e9matu Path ORAM. V budoucnu je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1na implementace dal\u0161\u00edch sch\u00e9mat, ale v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 podob\u011b se v\u00fdvoj nach\u00e1z\u00ed zat\u00edm ve f\u00e1zi prototypu, kter\u00fd se nedoporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvat v provozn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. <\/p>\n
Oramfs m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit s libovoln\u00fdmi FS a nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu c\u00edlov\u00e9ho extern\u00edho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b \u2014 je mo\u017en\u00e9 synchronizovat soubory s jakoukoli slu\u017ebou, kterou je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ipojit jako m\u00edstn\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159 (SSH, FTP, Google Drive, Amazon S3, Dropbox, Google Cloud Storage, Mail.ru Cloud, Yandex.Disk a dal\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby podporovan\u00e9 v rclone nebo pro kter\u00e9 existuj\u00ed FUSE moduly pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed). Velikost \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed pevn\u011b stanovena a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby dal\u0161\u00edho prostoru se velikost ORAM m\u016f\u017ee dynamicky zv\u011bt\u0161ovat. <\/p>\n
Nastaven\u00ed Oramfs spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v definici dvou adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f \u2014 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho a soukrom\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 pln\u00ed roli serveru<\/a> a klienta. Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd katalog m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jak\u00fdkoli adres\u00e1\u0159 v m\u00edstn\u00edm souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd je spojen s extern\u00edmi \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jejich p\u0159ipojen\u00ed p\u0159es SSHFS, FTPFS, Rclone a dal\u0161\u00ed FUSE moduly. Soukrom\u00fd katalog je poskytov\u00e1n FUSE modulem Oramfs a slou\u017e\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci s soubory ulo\u017een\u00fdmi v ORAM. Ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m katalogu je um\u00edst\u011bn soubor s obrazem ORAM. Jak\u00e1koli operace se soukrom\u00fdm katalogem se odraz\u00ed na stavu tohoto souboru-obrazu, ale tento soubor vypad\u00e1 pro extern\u00edho pozorovatele jako \u010dern\u00e1 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ka, jej\u00ed\u017e zm\u011bny nelze spojit s aktivitami v soukrom\u00e9m katalogu, v\u010detn\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed, zda byla provedena operace z\u00e1pisu nebo \u010dten\u00ed. <\/p>\n Oramfs m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt aplikov\u00e1n v oblastech, kde je nutn\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b soukrom\u00ed a kde je mo\u017en\u00e9 ob\u011btovat v\u00fdkon. V\u00fdkon kles\u00e1, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 operace s \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm, v\u010detn\u011b operac\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed dat, vede k p\u0159estavb\u011b blok\u016f v obrazu FS. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010dten\u00ed souboru o velikosti 10 MB trv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 sekundu, a 25 MB \u2014 3 sekundy. Z\u00e1pis 10 MB trv\u00e1 15 sekund, zat\u00edmco 25 MB \u2014 50 sekund. P\u0159itom je Oramfs p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 9kr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed a 2kr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i z\u00e1pisu ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se souborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem UtahFS, kter\u00fd vyv\u00edj\u00ed spole\u010dnost Cloudflare a voliteln\u011b podporuje re\u017eim ORAM. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Kudelski Security, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 Oramfs \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 ORAM (Oblivious Random Access Machine), \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c (data access pattern). \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d FUSE-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u0424\u0421, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u043e\u0434 Oramfs \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Rust \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47 Zve\u0159ejn\u011bn FS Oramfs, skr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed charakter p\u0159\u00edstupu k dat\u016fm | ProHoster","description":"Spole\u010dnost Kudelski Security, kter\u00e1 se specializuje na prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch audit\u016f, 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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"