{"id":101213,"date":"2021-09-07T16:23:45","date_gmt":"2021-09-07T14:23:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/yadro-linux-5-14"},"modified":"2021-09-07T16:23:45","modified_gmt":"2021-09-07T14:23:45","slug":"yadro-linux-5-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/yadro-linux-5-14","title":{"rendered":"J\u00e1dro Linux 5.14","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/images\/19872\/original.png\" itemprop=\"contentURL\">       <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"J\u00e1dro Linux 5.14\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/6c08ca34b060a8523af78f555746ff24.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>            <\/a>                    <noindex>      <noindex><\/p>\n<p>Po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje Linus Torvalds <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2021\/8\/29\/382\">p\u0159edstavil<\/a> vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/\">Linux 5.14<\/a>. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny pat\u0159\u00ed: nov\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed quotactl_fd() a memfd_secret(), odstran\u011bn\u00ed ovlada\u010d\u016f ide a raw, nov\u00fd \u0159adi\u010d priorit vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu pro cgroup, pl\u00e1novac\u00ed re\u017eim \u00faloh SCHED_CORE, infrastruktura pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zavad\u011b\u010d\u016f ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch BPF program\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<p>Do nov\u00e9 verze bylo p\u0159ijato 15883 oprav od 2002 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, velikost patche \u2014 69 MB (zm\u011bny se dotkly 12580 soubor\u016f, p\u0159id\u00e1no 861501 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du, odstran\u011bno 321654 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f). P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 47 % v\u0161ech p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fdch zm\u011bn v 5.14 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ovlada\u010d\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, zhruba 14 % zm\u011bn souvis\u00ed s aktualizac\u00ed k\u00f3du specifick\u00e9ho pro hardwarov\u00e9 architektury, 13 % se vztahuje na s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd stack, 3 % \u2014 na souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a 3 % na intern\u00ed subsyst\u00e9my j\u00e1dra.<\/p>\n<p>  <noindex><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/861695\/\">Hlavn\u00ed<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.14\">novinky<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, vstup\/v\u00fdstup a souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my:\n<ul>\n<li>pro cgroup <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/556910e39249\">realizov\u00e1no<\/a> Nov\u00fd IO prioritiza\u010dn\u00ed \u0159adi\u010d \u2014 rq-qos, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee \u0159\u00eddit prioritu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f na blokov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed generovan\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky ka\u017ed\u00e9 cgroup. Podpora nov\u00e9ho prioritiza\u010dn\u00edho \u0159adi\u010de byla p\u0159id\u00e1na do pl\u00e1nova\u010de I\/O mq-deadline;<\/li>\n<li>ve souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu ext4 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=fd7b23be9205\">byla implementov\u00e1na<\/a> nov\u00fd ioctl p\u0159\u00edkaz EXT4_IOC_CHECKPOINT, kter\u00fd nucen\u011b zapisuje na disk v\u0161echny \u010dekaj\u00edc\u00ed transakce z den\u00edku a s nimi spojen\u00e9 buffery, a tak\u00e9 p\u0159episuje oblast pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed den\u00edk ve skladu. Zm\u011bna byla p\u0159ipravena v r\u00e1mci iniciativy na prevenci \u00fanik\u016f informac\u00ed ze souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>v Btrfs <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/cover.1624891843.git.dsterba@suse.com\/\">byly provedeny<\/a> optimalizace v\u00fdkonu: vylou\u010den\u00edm nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9ho journalingu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch atribut\u016f b\u011bhem vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed fsync se v\u00fdkon intenzivn\u00edch operac\u00ed s roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdmi atributy zv\u00fd\u0161il a\u017e o 17%. Nav\u00edc byla p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zkracovac\u00edch operac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se net\u00fdkaj\u00ed extents, deaktivov\u00e1na pln\u00e1 synchronizace, co\u017e zkr\u00e1tilo dobu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operace o 12%. Do sysfs byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost omezit propustnost I\/O b\u011bhem kontroly FS. Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny ioctl vol\u00e1n\u00ed pro zru\u0161en\u00ed operac\u00ed zm\u011bny velikosti a odstran\u011bn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>v XFS <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/20210702201643.GA13765@locust\/\">byla p\u0159epracov\u00e1na<\/a> implementace vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pam\u011bti, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159evedena na alokaci pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek v d\u00e1vkov\u00e9m re\u017eimu. Zlep\u0161ena efektivita pr\u00e1ce vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pam\u011bti;<\/li>\n<li>V F2FS byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost provozu pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed a implementov\u00e1n re\u017eim ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed do mezipam\u011bti komprimovan\u00fdch blok\u016f (compress_cache) pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00ed. Byla implementov\u00e1na podpora komprese soubor\u016f odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00edch se v pam\u011bti pomoc\u00ed operace mmap(). Pro selektivn\u00ed vypnut\u00ed komprese soubor\u016f podle masky byla nab\u00eddnuta nov\u00e1 mo\u017enost p\u0159ipojen\u00ed nocompress;<\/li>\n<li>V ovlada\u010di exFAT byla provedena pr\u00e1ce na zlep\u0161en\u00ed kompatibility se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi n\u011bkter\u00fdch digit\u00e1ln\u00edch fotoapar\u00e1t\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n syst\u00e9mov\u00fd vol\u00e1n\u00ed <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/859679\/\">quotactl_fd()<\/a>, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje spravovat kv\u00f3ty nikoli prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm souboru speci\u00e1ln\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm odkazu na souborov\u00fd deskriptor spojen\u00fd se souborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, na kter\u00fd se kv\u00f3ta vztahuje;<\/li>\n<li>Ze syst\u00e9mu byly odstran\u011bny star\u00e9 ovlada\u010de pro blokov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s rozhran\u00edm IDE, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e byly d\u00e1vno nahrazeny subsyst\u00e9mem libata. Podpora star\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byla zachov\u00e1na v pln\u00e9m rozsahu, zm\u011bny se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed pouze mo\u017enosti pou\u017eit\u00ed star\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f, u kter\u00fdch byly \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b ozna\u010dena jako \/dev\/hd*, nikoli \/dev\/sd*;<\/li>\n<li>Z j\u00e1dra byl odstran\u011bn ovlada\u010d \u201eraw\u201c, kter\u00fd poskytoval nebufferovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k blokov\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm p\u0159es rozhran\u00ed \/dev\/raw. Uveden\u00e1 funk\u010dnost je ji\u017e dlouho realizov\u00e1na v aplikac\u00edch pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaku O_DIRECT;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pam\u011b\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby:\n<ul>\n<li>V pl\u00e1nova\u010di \u00faloh byl implementov\u00e1n nov\u00fd re\u017eim pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/861251\/\">SCHED_CORE<\/a>, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0159\u00eddit, kter\u00e9 procesy mohou spole\u010dn\u011b b\u011b\u017eet na jednom j\u00e1dru CPU. Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu procesu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159id\u011blen cookie identifik\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd ur\u010duje oblast d\u016fv\u011bry mezi procesy (nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost jednomu u\u017eivateli nebo kontejneru). P\u0159i organizaci prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed k\u00f3du m\u016f\u017ee pl\u00e1nova\u010d zajistit sd\u00edlen\u00ed jednoho j\u00e1dra CPU pouze pro procesy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s jedn\u00edm vlastn\u00edkem, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no k blokov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f t\u0159\u00eddy Spectre t\u00edm, \u017ee se zabr\u00e1n\u00ed vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdch a ned\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdch \u00faloh ve stejn\u00e9m vl\u00e1kn\u011b SMT (Hyper Threading);<\/li>\n<li>Pro mechanismus cgroup byla implementov\u00e1na podpora operace kill, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje jednor\u00e1zov\u011b ukon\u010dit v\u0161echny procesy p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9 ke skupin\u011b (odeslat SIGKILL) prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm z\u00e1pisu \u201e1\u201c do virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho souboru cgroup.kill;<\/li>\n<li>Byly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 se vztahuj\u00ed na reakci na zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00fdch z\u00e1mk\u016f (\u201esplit lock\u201c), kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstupu k nevyrovnan\u00fdm dat\u016fm v pam\u011bti, proto\u017ee b\u011bhem prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed atom\u00e1rn\u00ed instrukce data p\u0159esahuj\u00ed dv\u011b cache \u0159ady CPU. Tyto z\u00e1mky vedou k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu poklesu v\u00fdkonnosti, proto d\u0159\u00edve byla poskytov\u00e1na mo\u017enost n\u00e1siln\u00e9ho ukon\u010den\u00ed aplikace, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1mek vyvolala. V nov\u00e9 verzi byl p\u0159id\u00e1n parametr p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky j\u00e1dra \u201esplit_lock_detect=ratelimit:N\u201c, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje stanovit syst\u00e9mov\u00fd limit intenzity operac\u00ed z\u00e1mk\u016f za sekundu, po jeho\u017e p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed jak\u00fdkoli proces, kter\u00fd se stal zdrojem rozd\u011blen\u00e9ho z\u00e1mku, bude nam\u00edsto ukon\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1siln\u011b zastaven na 20 ms;<\/li>\n<li>V ovlada\u010di CFS pro cgroup byla implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost stanoven\u00ed limit\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou omezen\u00e9 zadan\u00fdm \u010dasem, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161\u00ed regulaci z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed citliv\u00fdch na zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad nastaven\u00ed hodnoty cpu.cfs_quota_us na 50000 a cpu.cfs_period_us na 100000 umo\u017en\u00ed skupin\u011b proces\u016f str\u00e1vit ka\u017ed\u00fdch 100 ms 50 ms \u010dasu CPU.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/853489\">byla p\u0159id\u00e1na<\/a> Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed infrastruktura pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f BPF program\u016f, kter\u00e1 v budoucnu umo\u017en\u00ed na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed pouze BPF program\u016f podepsan\u00fdch d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdm digit\u00e1ln\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010dem.<\/li>\n<li>Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na nov\u00e1 futex operace FUTEX_LOCK_PI2, kter\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 monot\u00f3nn\u00ed \u010dasova\u010d pro v\u00fdpo\u010det \u010dasov\u00e9ho limitu, kter\u00fd zohled\u0148uje \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd syst\u00e9mem v re\u017eimu sp\u00e1nku.<\/li>\n<li>Pro architekturu RISC-V byla implementov\u00e1na podpora velk\u00fdch pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek (Transparent Huge-Pages) a mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed mechanismu <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54671\">KFENCE<\/a> k detekci chyb p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011b\u0165mi.<\/li>\n<li>Ve syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m vol\u00e1n\u00ed madvise(), kter\u00e9 poskytuje prost\u0159edky pro optimalizaci spr\u00e1vy pam\u011bti procesu, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-api\/6c7543e4-23c8-8f2d-dc89-480be13738b3@redhat.com\/T\/\">byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny<\/a> P\u0159\u00edznaky MADV_POPULATE_READ a MADV_POPULATE_WRITE pro generaci &laquo;page fault&raquo; ve v\u0161ech str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch pam\u011bti, kter\u00e9 jsou zobrazeny pro operace \u010dten\u00ed nebo z\u00e1pisu, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k skute\u010dn\u00e9mu \u010dten\u00ed nebo z\u00e1pisu (prefault). Pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed b\u011bhem b\u011bhu programu, d\u00edky p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 aktivaci zpracovatele &laquo;page fault&raquo; najednou pro v\u0161echny nevlastn\u011bn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, ani\u017e by bylo t\u0159eba \u010dekat na skute\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k nim;<\/li>\n<li>v syst\u00e9mu unit-testov\u00e1n\u00ed <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/dev-tools\/kunit\/index.html\">kunit<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=12ca7a893d54\">byla p\u0159id\u00e1na<\/a> podpora spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed test\u016f v prost\u0159ed\u00ed QEMU;<\/li>\n<li>byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 trasova\u010de: &laquo;<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/bce29ac9ce0b\">osnoise<\/a>&raquo; pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v aplikac\u00edch, zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed, a &laquo;timerlat&raquo; pro zobrazen\u00ed podrobn\u00fdch informac\u00ed o zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch p\u0159i probuzen\u00ed sign\u00e1lem \u010dasova\u010de;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>virtualizace a zabezpe\u010den\u00ed:\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=1507f51255c9\">p\u0159id\u00e1n<\/a> syst\u00e9mov\u00fd hovor <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/835342\/\">memfd_secret()<\/a>, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvo\u0159it soukromou oblast pam\u011bti v izolovan\u00e9m adresn\u00edm prostoru, viditelnou pouze procesem-vlastn\u00edkem, neodr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed se v jin\u00fdch procesech a p\u0159\u00edmo nedostupnou pro j\u00e1dro;<\/li>\n<li>v syst\u00e9mu filtrace syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed seccomp p\u0159i v\u00fdstupu blokovac\u00edch handler\u016f do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed jedn\u00e9 atom\u00e1rn\u00ed operace pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed souborov\u00e9ho deskriptoru pro izolovanou \u00falohu a jeho vr\u00e1cen\u00ed p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed. Navrhovan\u00e1 operace \u0159e\u0161\u00ed <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/851813\/\">probl\u00e9m<\/a> s p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edm handleru v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru p\u0159i p\u0159ijet\u00ed sign\u00e1lu;<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159id\u00e1n <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patchwork.kernel.org\/project\/kernel-hardening\/cover\/cover.1616533074.git.gladkov.alexey@gmail.com\/\">nov\u00fd mechanismus<\/a> pro spr\u00e1vu omezen\u00ed zdroj\u016f v prostoru n\u00e1zv\u016f identifik\u00e1tor\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f, kter\u00fd spojuje jednotliv\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtadla rlimit k u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9mu jmenn\u00e9mu prostoru. Zm\u011bna \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m se sd\u00edlen\u00fdmi po\u010d\u00edtadly zdroj\u016f p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed proces\u016f jedn\u00edm u\u017eivatelem v r\u016fzn\u00fdch kontejnerech;<\/li>\n<li>v hypervizoru KVM pro syst\u00e9my ARM64 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v hostitelsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed MTE (MemTag, Memory Tagging Extension), kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159i\u0159adit tagy k ka\u017ed\u00e9 operaci alokace pam\u011bti a organizovat kontrolu spr\u00e1vnosti pou\u017eit\u00ed ukazatel\u016f k blokov\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zranitelnost\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstupem k ji\u017e uvoln\u011bn\u00fdm blok\u016fm pam\u011bti, p\u0159ete\u010den\u00edm bufferu, p\u0159\u00edstupy p\u0159ed inicializac\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm mimo aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed kontext;<\/li>\n<li>prost\u0159edky poskytovan\u00e9 platformou ARM64 pro autentizaci ukazatel\u016f (Pointer Authentication) nyn\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt odd\u011blen\u011b nastaveny pro j\u00e1dro a u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd prostor. Technologie umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat specializovan\u00e9 instrukce ARM64 pro kontrolu adres n\u00e1vrat\u016f pomoc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch podpis\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou ulo\u017eeny v nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch horn\u00edch bitech samotn\u00e9ho ukazatele;<\/li>\n<li>v User-mode Linux <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patchwork.ozlabs.org\/project\/linux-um\/patch\/20210305123552.a89b33363589.I21b27d26611ebecd8c918e20728e37b184d817bb@changeid\/\">byla p\u0159id\u00e1na<\/a> podpora pou\u017eit\u00ed ovlada\u010d\u016f k PCI za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm s virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed sb\u011brnic\u00ed PCI, realizovanou ovlada\u010dem PCI-over-virtio;<\/li>\n<li>Pro syst\u00e9my x86 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora para-virtualizovan\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed virtio-iommu, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed odes\u00edlat IOMMU po\u017eadavky, jako jsou ATTACH, DETACH, MAP a UNMAP, p\u0159es transport virtio bez emulace tabulek str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti;<\/li>\n<li>Pro procesory Intel, po\u010d\u00ednaje rodinou Skylake a kon\u010de Coffee Lake, je v\u00fdchoz\u00ed hodnotou zak\u00e1z\u00e1no pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Intel TSX (Transactional Synchronization Extensions), kter\u00e1 poskytuj\u00ed prost\u0159edky pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu v\u00edcerozm\u011brn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dynamick\u00e9ho vylou\u010den\u00ed nadbyte\u010dn\u00fdch synchroniza\u010dn\u00edch operac\u00ed. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jsou deaktivov\u00e1na kv\u016fli mo\u017enosti prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u00fatok\u016f <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51852\">Zombieload<\/a>, manipuluj\u00edc\u00edch s \u00fanikem informac\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm bo\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f, vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci mechanismu asynchronn\u00edch p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edch operac\u00ed (TAA, TSX Asynchronous Abort);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 subsyst\u00e9m:\n<ul>\n<li>byla pokra\u010dov\u00e1na integrace do j\u00e1dra MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed protokolu TCP pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed TCP spojen\u00ed s doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm paket\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159es n\u011bkolik tras prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed, p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch k r\u016fzn\u00fdm IP adres\u00e1m. V nov\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=22ba9d0d6c0d\">p\u0159id\u00e1n<\/a> mechanismus pro definov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch politik hashov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu pro IPv4 a IPv6 (multipath hash policy), umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru ur\u010dit, kter\u00e9 z pol\u00ed v paketech, v\u010detn\u011b zapouzd\u0159en\u00fdch, budou pou\u017eity p\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtu hash, ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br cesty pro paket;<\/li>\n<li>do virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho transportu virtio p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora soket\u016f <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/socket.2.html\">SOCK_SEQPACKET<\/a> (uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd a spolehliv\u00fd p\u0159enos datagram\u016f);<\/li>\n<li>roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena funk\u010dnost mechanismu soket\u016f SO_REUSEPORT, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u011bkolika naslouchaj\u00edc\u00edm soket\u016fm sou\u010dasn\u011b se p\u0159ipojit k jednomu portu pro p\u0159\u00edjem spojen\u00ed s rozd\u011blen\u00edm p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b mezi v\u0161emi p\u0159ipojen\u00fdmi p\u0159es SO_REUSEPORT sokety, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u00edcerozm\u011brn\u00fdch serverov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed. V nov\u00e9 verzi <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/853637\/\">byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny<\/a> prost\u0159edky pro p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jin\u00e9mu soketu v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eadavku p\u016fvodn\u011b vybran\u00fdm soketem (\u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m s ztr\u00e1tou jednotliv\u00fdch spojen\u00ed p\u0159i restartu slu\u017eeb);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>hardware:\n<ul>\n<li>v ovlada\u010di amdgpu <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=e058a84bfddc42ba356a2316f2cf1141974625c9\">byla implementov\u00e1na<\/a> podpora nov\u00fdch s\u00e9ri\u00ed GPU AMD Radeon RX 6000, vyv\u00edjen\u00fdch pod k\u00f3dov\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy &laquo;Beige Goby&raquo; (Navi 24) a &laquo;Yellow Carp&raquo;, a tak\u00e9 byla vylep\u0161ena podpora GPU Aldebaran (gfx90a) a APU Van Gogh. P\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed n\u011bkolika panel\u016f eDP. Pro APU Renoir byla implementov\u00e1na podpora pro pr\u00e1ci se \u0161ifrovan\u00fdmi vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00edmi pam\u011b\u0165mi ve video pam\u011bti (TMZ, Trusted Memory Zone). P\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro hork\u00e9 odpojen\u00ed grafick\u00fdch karet (hot-unplug). Pro GPU Radeon RX 6000 (Navi 2x) a star\u00e9 GPU AMD byla ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed aktivov\u00e1na podpora mechanismu \u00faspory energie ASPM (Active State Power Management), kter\u00fd byl d\u0159\u00edve aktivov\u00e1n pouze pro GPU Navi 1x, Vega a Polaris;<\/li>\n<li>pro \u010dipy AMD byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora sd\u00edlen\u00e9 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed pam\u011bti (SVM, shared virtual memory) na b\u00e1zi subsyst\u00e9mu HMM (Heterogeneous memory management), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s vlastn\u00edmi bloky \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pam\u011bti (MMU, memory management unit), kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159istupovat k hlavn\u00ed pam\u011bti. V\u010detn\u011b toho umo\u017e\u0148uje HMM organizovat spole\u010dn\u00fd adresn\u00ed prostor mezi GPU a CPU, ve kter\u00e9m GPU m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159istupovat k hlavn\u00ed pam\u011bti procesu;<\/li>\n<li>byla p\u0159id\u00e1na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed podpora technologie <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amd.com\/en\/technologies\/smartshift\">AMD Smart Shift<\/a>, kter\u00e1 dynamicky m\u011bn\u00ed parametry spot\u0159eby energie CPU a GPU na notebooc\u00edch s \u010dipsetem a grafickou kartou AMD pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu p\u0159i hran\u00ed her, editaci videa a 3D renderov\u00e1n\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>v ovlada\u010di i915 pro grafick\u00e9 karty Intel <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.freedesktop.org\/archives\/intel-gfx\/2021-May\/266616.html\">je zahrnuta<\/a> podpora \u010dip\u016f Intel Alderlake P;<\/li>\n<li>byl p\u0159id\u00e1n ovlada\u010d drm\/hyperv pro virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed grafick\u00fd adapt\u00e9r Hyper-V;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patchwork.kernel.org\/project\/dri-devel\/cover\/20210416090048.11492-1-tzimmermann@suse.de\/\">p\u0159id\u00e1n<\/a> grafick\u00fd ovlada\u010d simpledrm, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed pro v\u00fdstup framebuffer EFI-GOP nebo VESA, poskytovan\u00fd firmwarovou UEFI nebo BIOSem. Hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem ovlada\u010de je poskytnout mo\u017enosti grafick\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupu v po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ne\u017e se stane mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed plnohodnotn\u00e9ho DRM ovlada\u010de. Ovlada\u010d lze tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt jako do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro hardware, pro kter\u00fd dosud nejsou k dispozici nativn\u00ed DRM ovlada\u010de;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/soc\/soc.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&amp;id=1c701accecf21932ebcbd8acacb4557af3797e77\">byla p\u0159id\u00e1na<\/a> podpora po\u010d\u00edta\u010de typu all-in-one <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54015\">Raspberry Pi 400<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>byl p\u0159id\u00e1n ovlada\u010d dell-wmi-privacy pro podporu dod\u00e1van\u00fdch v notebooc\u00edch Dell hardwarov\u00fdch vyp\u00edna\u010d\u016f kamer a mikrofon\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>pro notebooc\u00edch Lenovo <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/pdx86\/platform-drivers-x86.git\/commit\/?h=review-hans&amp;id=a40cd7ef22fbb11229cf982920f4ec96c1f49282\">p\u0159id\u00e1n<\/a> WMI rozhran\u00ed pro zm\u011bnu nastaven\u00ed BIOSu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sysfs \/sys\/class\/firmware-attributes\/;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/YOM9yTZZsEicMW3f@kroah.com\/\">byla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena<\/a> podpora za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s rozhran\u00edm USB4;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/s5hbl7li0fe.wl-tiwai@suse.de\/\">byla p\u0159id\u00e1na<\/a> podpora zvukov\u00fdch karet a kodek\u016f AmLogic SM1 TOACODEC, Intel AlderLake-M, NXP i.MX8, NXP TFA1, TDF9897, Rockchip RK817, Qualcomm Quinary MI2 a Texas Instruments TAS2505. Vylep\u0161en\u00e1 podpora zvuku na notebooc\u00edch HP a ASUS. <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/tiwai\/sound.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&amp;id=9ce650a75a3b262c90789b42aedee8fc2ee04d53\">Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny<\/a> z\u00e1platy pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed latence p\u0159ed spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm zvuku na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch s USB rozhran\u00edm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj &ndash; opennet.ru.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/linux-general\/16502291\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.14. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b quotactl_fd() \u0438 memfd_secret(), \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 ide \u0438 raw, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f cgroup, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 SCHED_CORE, \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 BPF-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 15883 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2002 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 69 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":101214,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/yadro-linux-5-14\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 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