{"id":101401,"date":"2021-09-26T10:22:38","date_gmt":"2021-09-26T08:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-perejdyot-k-razvitiyu-novshestv-dlya-android-v-osnovnom-yadre-linux"},"modified":"2021-09-26T10:22:38","modified_gmt":"2021-09-26T08:22:39","slug":"google-perejdyot-k-razvitiyu-novshestv-dlya-android-v-osnovnom-yadre-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/google-perejdyot-k-razvitiyu-novshestv-dlya-android-v-osnovnom-yadre-linux","title":{"rendered":"Google se p\u0159esune k v\u00fdvoji novinek pro Android v hlavn\u00edm j\u00e1dru Linuxu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
Na prob\u011bhl\u00e9 konferenci Linux Plumbers 2021 spole\u010dnost Google informovala o \u00fasp\u011b\u0161\u00edch iniciativy na p\u0159evod platformy Android k pou\u017eit\u00ed standardn\u00edho j\u00e1dra Linux m\u00edsto vlastn\u00edho variantu j\u00e1dra, kter\u00e9 zahrnovalo zm\u011bny specifick\u00e9 pro platformu Android. <\/p>\n
Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bnou v v\u00fdvoji bylo rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159ej\u00edt po roce 2023 na model \u201eUpstream First\u201c, kter\u00fd zahrnuje rozvoj v\u0161ech nov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed j\u00e1dra pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch v platform\u011b Android p\u0159\u00edmo v hlavn\u00edm j\u00e1dru Linuxu, m\u00edsto v jeho odd\u011blen\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00edch (funkce budou nejprve propagov\u00e1ny v hlavn\u00edm j\u00e1dru a pak pou\u017eity v Androidu, nikoli naopak). Na roky 2023 a 2024 se tak\u00e9 pl\u00e1nuje p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech dodate\u010dn\u00fdch patch\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch ve v\u011btvi Android Common Kernel do hlavn\u00edho j\u00e1dra. <\/p>\n
Pokud jde o nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed budoucnost, o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 platforma Android 12, kter\u00e1 bude p\u0159edstavena na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u0159\u00edjna, nab\u00eddne sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra \u201eGeneric Kernel Image\u201c (GKI), co nejv\u00edce p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu j\u00e1dru 5.10. Pro uveden\u00e9 sestaven\u00ed bude pravideln\u011b vyd\u00e1v\u00e1na aktualizace, kter\u00e1 bude um\u00edst\u011bna v repozit\u00e1\u0159i ci.android.com. V j\u00e1d\u0159e GKI jsou specifick\u00e9 pro platformu Android dopl\u0148ky a tak\u00e9 souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s podporou hardwaru zpracovatel\u00e9 od OEM v\u00fdrobc\u016f p\u0159esunuti do samostatn\u00fdch modul\u016f j\u00e1dra. Tyto moduly nejsou sv\u00e1z\u00e1ny s verz\u00ed hlavn\u00edho j\u00e1dra a mohou se vyv\u00edjet nez\u00e1visle, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zjednodu\u0161uje \u00fadr\u017ebu a migraci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na nov\u00e9 v\u011btve j\u00e1dra.
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Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je implementov\u00e1no ve form\u011b hook\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed m\u011bnit chov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra bez \u00faprav v k\u00f3du. V j\u00e1d\u0159e android12-5.10 je navr\u017eeno 194 b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch hook\u016f, analogick\u00fdch trasovac\u00edm bod\u016fm (tracepoint), a 107 specializovan\u00fdch hook\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zpracovatel\u016f v neatom\u00e1rn\u00edm kontextu. V j\u00e1dru GKI je v\u00fdrobc\u016fm hardwaru zak\u00e1z\u00e1no aplikovat specifick\u00e9 patche na hlavn\u00ed j\u00e1dro a komponenty pro podporu hardwaru mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dod\u00e1v\u00e1ny dodavateli pouze ve form\u011b dodate\u010dn\u00fdch modul\u016f j\u00e1dra, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy kompatibiln\u00ed s hlavn\u00edm j\u00e1drem. <\/p>\n
P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee v platform\u011b Android se vyv\u00edj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed v\u011btev j\u00e1dra \u2014 Android Common Kernel, na jej\u00edm\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b jsou pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159eny jednotliv\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 sestavy. V ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u011btvi Android maj\u00ed v\u00fdrobci k dispozici n\u011bkolik variant uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jader pro sv\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Androidu 11 byly nab\u00edzeny na v\u00fdb\u011br hned t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed j\u00e1dra \u2014 4.14, 4.19 a 5.4, a pro Android 12 budou nab\u00eddnuta z\u00e1kladn\u00ed j\u00e1dra 4.19, 5.4 a 5.10. Varianta 5.10 je prezentov\u00e1na jako Generic Kernel Image, ve kter\u00e9 jsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro OEM v\u00fdrobce funkce p\u0159ed\u00e1ny do upstreamu, p\u0159esunuty do modul\u016f nebo integrov\u00e1ny do Android Common Kernel. <\/p>\n
Na z\u00e1klad\u011b hlavn\u00edch LTS jader (3.18, 4.4, 4.9, 4.14, 4.19, 5.4) vznikla odno\u017e \u201eAndroid Common Kernel\u201c, do kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161eny specifick\u00e9 pro Android patche (d\u0159\u00edve velikost zm\u011bn dosahovala n\u011bkolika milion\u016f \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f).\n
Na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u201eAndroid Common Kernel\u201c v\u00fdrobci \u010dip\u016f, jako jsou Qualcomm, Samsung a MediaTek, formovali \u201eSoC Kernel\u201c, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed dopl\u0148ky pro podporu hardwaru.\n
Na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u201eSoC Kernel\u201c v\u00fdrobci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159eli \u201eDevice Kernel\u201c, kter\u00e9 obsahovaly zm\u011bny souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s podporou dodate\u010dn\u00e9ho hardwaru, obrazovek, kamer, zvukov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f atd. <\/ul>\n
Tento p\u0159\u00edstup v\u00fdrazn\u011b zt\u00ed\u017eil prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed aktualizac\u00ed pro odstran\u011bn\u00ed zranitelnost\u00ed a p\u0159echod na nov\u00e9 v\u011btve j\u00e1dra. I kdy\u017e Google pravideln\u011b vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 aktualizace sv\u00fdch Android jader (Android Common Kernel), dodavatel\u00e9 \u010dasto neposp\u00edchaj\u00ed s dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto aktualizac\u00ed nebo dokonce pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jedno j\u00e1dro po celou dobu \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.
![\"Google](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/e70c086b38346593ea95e1b44ff0f3eb.png\")
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