{"id":101790,"date":"2021-10-26T16:22:50","date_gmt":"2021-10-26T14:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/proekt-kerla-razvivaet-linux-sovmestimoe-yadro-na-yazyke-rust"},"modified":"2021-10-26T16:22:50","modified_gmt":"2021-10-26T14:22:51","slug":"proekt-kerla-razvivaet-linux-sovmestimoe-yadro-na-yazyke-rust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/proekt-kerla-razvivaet-linux-sovmestimoe-yadro-na-yazyke-rust","title":{"rendered":"Projekt Kerla vyv\u00edj\u00ed j\u00e1dro Linuxu kompatibiln\u00ed s jazykem Rust","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V r\u00e1mci projektu Kerla se vyv\u00edj\u00ed j\u00e1dro opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu napsan\u00e9 v jazyce Rust. Nov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro je p\u016fvodn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159eno na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kompatibility s j\u00e1drem Linux na \u00farovni ABI, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nemodifikovan\u00fdch spustiteln\u00fdch soubor\u016f sestaven\u00fdch pro Linux v prost\u0159ed\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9m na Kerla. K\u00f3d je distribuov\u00e1n pod licencemi Apache 2.0 a MIT. Projekt rozv\u00edj\u00ed japonsk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 Seiya Nuta, zn\u00e1m\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm mikroj\u00e1drov\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Resea, napsan\u00e9ho v jazyce C. <\/p>\n

V aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje m\u016f\u017ee Kerla fungovat pouze na syst\u00e9mech s architekturou x86_64 a implementuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed, jako jsou write, stat, mmap, pipe a poll, podporuje sign\u00e1ly, anonymn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly a p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kontextu. Pro spr\u00e1vu proces\u016f jsou k dispozici vol\u00e1n\u00ed, jako jsou fork, wait4 a execve. Existuje podpora pro tty a pseudo-termin\u00e1ly (pty). Z extern\u00edch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f jsou prozat\u00edm podporov\u00e1ny initramfs (pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pro montov\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho FS), tmpfs a devfs. Poskytuje se s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd z\u00e1sobn\u00edk s podporou TCP a UDP soket\u016f, implementovan\u00fd na z\u00e1klad\u011b knihovny smoltcp. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 p\u0159ipravil zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se d\u00e1 spustit v QEMU nebo v virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroji<\/a> Firecracker s ovlada\u010dem virtio-net, ke kter\u00e9mu se ji\u017e m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ipojit pomoc\u00ed SSH. Jako syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 knihovna se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 musl a jako u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 utility \u2014 BusyBox.

\"Projekt<\/center> <\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b Dockeru byla p\u0159ipravena syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 konstrukce, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et vlastn\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed initramfs s j\u00e1drem Kerla. Odd\u011blen\u011b se vyv\u00edj\u00ed programov\u00e1 b\u00e1ze podobn\u00e1 shellu fish, nsh, a GUI z\u00e1sobn\u00edk Kazari na z\u00e1klad\u011b protokolu Wayland.

\"Projekt<\/center> <\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00ed jazyka Rust v projektu umo\u017e\u0148uje sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det chyb v k\u00f3du d\u00edky aplikaci technik bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho programov\u00e1n\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivity odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011bt\u00ed. Bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce s pam\u011bt\u00ed je zaji\u0161t\u011bna v Rust b\u011bhem kompilace prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kontroly odkaz\u016f, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed objekt\u016f a zohledn\u011bn\u00ed doby \u017eivota objekt\u016f (rozsahu viditelnosti), stejn\u011b jako hodnocen\u00edm spr\u00e1vnosti p\u0159\u00edstupu k pam\u011bti b\u011bhem prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed k\u00f3du. Krom\u011b toho Rust poskytuje prost\u0159edky na ochranu p\u0159ed p\u0159ete\u010den\u00edm cel\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, po\u017eaduje povinnou inicializaci hodnot prom\u011bnn\u00fdch p\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm, aplikuje koncept nem\u011bnnosti (immutable) odkaz\u016f a prom\u011bnn\u00fdch ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed a nab\u00edz\u00ed silnou statickou typizaci pro minimalizaci logick\u00fdch chyb, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vstupn\u00edch hodnot d\u00edky prost\u0159edk\u016fm pro vzorov\u00e9 shody. <\/p>\n

Pro v\u00fdvoj n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fdch komponent, jako je j\u00e1dro OS, Rust poskytuje podporu pro raw ukazatele, balen\u00ed struktur, inline assemblerov\u00e9 vlo\u017eky a vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f v assembleru. Pro pr\u00e1ci bez vazby na standardn\u00ed knihovnu existuj\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 crate bal\u00ed\u010dky pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed se \u0159et\u011bzci, vektory a bitov\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky. Mezi v\u00fdhody se tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed integrovan\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro hodnocen\u00ed kvality k\u00f3du (linter, rust-analyzer) a tvorbu unit test\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze spou\u0161t\u011bt nejen na skute\u010dn\u00e9m hardwaru, ale i v QEMU.
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Kerla \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Rust. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c Linux \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 ABI, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 Kerla \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 Apache 2.0 \u0438 MIT. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0421\u0435\u0439\u044f \u041d\u0443\u0442\u0430 (Seiya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":101791,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Projekt Kerla vyv\u00edj\u00ed j\u00e1dro kompatibiln\u00ed s Linuxem v jazyce Rust | ProHoster","description":"V r\u00e1mci projektu Kerla se vyv\u00edj\u00ed j\u00e1dro opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, napsan\u00e9 v jazyce 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