{"id":102986,"date":"2022-01-17T15:36:46","date_gmt":"2022-01-17T13:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b2%d1%91%d1%80%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%ba%d1%86%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%87%d0%b5%d0%b9-%d0%b4%d0%bb%d1%8f-%d1%8f%d0%b4%d1%80%d0%b0-linux-%d1%81"},"modified":"2022-01-17T15:36:46","modified_gmt":"2022-01-17T13:36:46","slug":"%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b2%d1%91%d1%80%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%ba%d1%86%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%87%d0%b5%d0%b9-%d0%b4%d0%bb%d1%8f-%d1%8f%d0%b4%d1%80%d0%b0-linux-%d1%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b2%d1%91%d1%80%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%ba%d1%86%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%87%d0%b5%d0%b9-%d0%b4%d0%bb%d1%8f-%d1%8f%d0%b4%d1%80%d0%b0-linux-%d1%81","title":{"rendered":"\u010ctvrt\u00e1 edice patch\u016f pro j\u00e1dro Linux s podporou jazyka Rust","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
Miguel Ojeda, autor projektu Rust-for-Linux, navrhl pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e j\u00e1dra Linux \u010dtvrtou variantu komponent pro v\u00fdvoj ovlada\u010d\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v jazyce Rust. Podpora Rust je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale u\u017e byla dohodnuta na za\u0159azen\u00ed do v\u011btve linux-next a je dostate\u010dn\u011b vyvinut\u00e1 pro zah\u00e1jen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed aplika\u010dn\u00edch vrstev nad subsyst\u00e9my j\u00e1dra, jako\u017e i pro psan\u00ed ovlada\u010d\u016f a modul\u016f. V\u00fdvoj je financov\u00e1n spole\u010dnost\u00ed Google a organizac\u00ed ISRG (Internet Security Research Group), kter\u00e1 je zakladatelem projektu Let\u2019s Encrypt a podporuje zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed HTTPS a rozvoj technologi\u00ed pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti internetu. <\/p>\n
P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee navr\u017een\u00e9 zm\u011bny umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat Rust jako druh\u00fd jazyk pro v\u00fdvoj ovlada\u010d\u016f a modul\u016f j\u00e1dra. Podpora Rustu je zva\u017eov\u00e1na jako volba, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed aktivn\u00ed ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed a nevede k zahrnut\u00ed Rustu mezi povinn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti p\u0159i sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra. Pou\u017eit\u00ed Rustu pro v\u00fdvoj ovlada\u010d\u016f umo\u017en\u00ed s minim\u00e1ln\u00edmi n\u00e1mahou vytv\u00e1\u0159et bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ovlada\u010de, zbaven\u00e9 probl\u00e9m\u016f, jako je p\u0159\u00edstup k oblasti pam\u011bti po jej\u00edm uvoln\u011bn\u00ed, dereference nulov\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f a p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed hranic bufferu. <\/p>\n
Bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce s pam\u011bt\u00ed je zaji\u0161t\u011bna v Rustu b\u011bhem kompilace prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kontroly odkaz\u016f, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed objekt\u016f a zohledn\u011bn\u00ed doby \u017eivota objekt\u016f (oblast\u00ed viditelnosti), stejn\u011b jako hodnocen\u00edm spr\u00e1vnosti p\u0159\u00edstupu k pam\u011bti b\u011bhem vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du. Rust tak\u00e9 poskytuje prost\u0159edky k ochran\u011b p\u0159ed p\u0159ete\u010den\u00edm celo\u010d\u00edseln\u00fdch hodnot, vy\u017eaduje povinnou inicializaci hodnot prom\u011bnn\u00fdch p\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm, l\u00e9pe zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 chyby ve standardn\u00ed knihovn\u011b, aplikuje koncept nem\u011bnnosti (immutable) odkaz\u016f a prom\u011bnn\u00fdch ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed, a nab\u00edz\u00ed silnou statickou typizaci pro minimalizaci logick\u00fdch chyb. <\/p>\n
V nov\u00e9 verzi patch\u016f pokra\u010duje odstran\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1mitek vznesen\u00fdch b\u011bhem diskus\u00ed o prvn\u00edch, druh\u00fdch a t\u0159et\u00edch verz\u00edch patch\u016f. V nov\u00e9 verzi: <\/p>\n
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Byl proveden p\u0159echod na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed stabiln\u00edho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Rust 1.58.0 jako referen\u010dn\u00edho kompil\u00e1toru. Mezi pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zm\u011bny pro projekt, kter\u00e9 zat\u00edm nebyly zahrnuty do hlavn\u00ed sestavy n\u00e1stroj\u016f Rust, pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak \u201a-Zsymbol-mangling-version=v0\u2018 (o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se ve verzi Rust 1.59.0) a re\u017eim \u201amaybe_uninit_extra\u2018 (o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se ve verzi Rust 1.60.0).\n
Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny automatick\u00e9 kontroly existence vhodn\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje Rust a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny mo\u017enosti testov\u00e1n\u00ed podpory Rustu v syst\u00e9mu.\n
Byly navr\u017eeny nov\u00e9 abstrakce pro p\u0159\u00edstup z k\u00f3du v jazyce Rust k tabulk\u00e1m identifik\u00e1tor\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (\u201aIdArray\u2018 a \u201aIdTable\u2018).\n
Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny vrstvy pro p\u0159\u00edstup k funkc\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s \u010dasova\u010dem (clock framework).\n
Ovlada\u010de pro platformy jsou nyn\u00ed definov\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm implementace typov\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd.\n
Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd makro pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed registrace ovlada\u010d\u016f platforem a navr\u017een nov\u00fd \u0161ablonov\u00fd typ ovlada\u010de.\n
Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny makra pro struktury \u201adev_*\u2018.\n
Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny metody \u201a{read,write}*_relaxed\u2018 pro typ IoMem.\n
Byla odstran\u011bna vlastnost FileOpener pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed operac\u00ed se soubory.\n
Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n parametr \u201aThisModule\u2018 mezi argumenty p\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00e9 p\u0159i registraci ovlada\u010de.\n
Byl navr\u017een \u0161ablonov\u00fd typ pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed modul\u016f j\u00e1dra v jazyce Rust. <\/ul>\n