{"id":103194,"date":"2022-02-05T15:36:52","date_gmt":"2022-02-05T13:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-os-qubes-4-1-ispolzuyushhej-virtualizacziyu-dlya-izolyaczii-prilozhenij"},"modified":"2022-02-05T15:36:52","modified_gmt":"2022-02-05T13:36:55","slug":"reliz-os-qubes-4-1-ispolzuyushhej-virtualizacziyu-dlya-izolyaczii-prilozhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/reliz-os-qubes-4-1-ispolzuyushhej-virtualizacziyu-dlya-izolyaczii-prilozhenij","title":{"rendered":"Verze OS Qubes 4.1, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 virtualizaci k izolaci aplikac\u00ed","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dty\u0159ech letech v\u00fdvoje byl vyd\u00e1n opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Qubes 4.1, kter\u00fd realizuje my\u0161lenku pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hypervizoru pro p\u0159\u00edsnou izolaci aplikac\u00ed a komponent opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (ka\u017ed\u00e1 kategorie aplikac\u00ed a syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb b\u011b\u017e\u00ed v odd\u011blen\u00fdch virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u00edch). K jeho provozu je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed syst\u00e9m s 6 GB RAM a 64bitov\u00fdm procesorem Intel nebo AMD s podporou technologi\u00ed VT-x s EPT\/AMD-v s RVI a VT-d\/AMD IOMMU, doporu\u010duje se m\u00edt GPU Intel (GPU od NVIDIA a AMD nebyla dostate\u010dn\u011b dob\u0159e otestov\u00e1na). Velikost instala\u010dn\u00edho obrazu je 6 GB.        <\/p>\n<p>Aplikace v Qubes jsou rozd\u011bleny do t\u0159\u00edd podle d\u016fle\u017eitosti zpracov\u00e1van\u00fdch dat a \u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda aplikac\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1ce, z\u00e1bava, bankovn\u00ed operace), stejn\u011b jako syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby (s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, firewall, pr\u00e1ce se skladov\u00e1n\u00edm, USB stack atd.), funguj\u00ed v odd\u011blen\u00fdch virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou spou\u0161t\u011bny pomoc\u00ed hypervizoru Xen. Tyto aplikace jsou p\u0159itom dostupn\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci jednoho pracovn\u00ed plochy a pro p\u0159ehlednost jsou zv\u00fdrazn\u011bny r\u016fznou barvou okraje okna. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup pro \u010dten\u00ed k z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ko\u0159enov\u00e9 FS a m\u00edstn\u00edmu \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti, kter\u00e9 se nep\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 s \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti jin\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed; pro organizaci interakce aplikac\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eba.   <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Verze OS Qubes 4.1, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 virtualizaci k izolaci aplikac\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/14cb7933489192c6d652e485c441b1ad.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>  <\/p>\n<p>Jako z\u00e1klad pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed lze pou\u017e\u00edt bal\u00ed\u010dkovou z\u00e1kladnu Fedora a Debian, d\u00e1le jsou podporov\u00e1ny \u0161ablony pro Ubuntu, Gentoo a Arch Linux. Lze zorganizovat p\u0159\u00edstup k aplikac\u00edm ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroji s Windows, stejn\u011b jako vytvo\u0159en\u00ed <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2089\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a> na z\u00e1klad\u011b Whonix pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed anonymn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu p\u0159es Tor. U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed je postaveno na z\u00e1klad\u011b Xfce. Kdy\u017e u\u017eivatel spust\u00ed aplikaci z menu, tato aplikace se spust\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00e9m virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroji. Obsah virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed je ur\u010den sadou \u0161ablon.     <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Verze OS Qubes 4.1, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 virtualizaci k izolaci aplikac\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/d1d2d570180a1c29653bad0e795d226c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>  <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Verze OS Qubes 4.1, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 virtualizaci k izolaci aplikac\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/7512630ac4acb9d7f249d4cedb82b748.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>    <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed zm\u011bny:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed samostatn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed GUI Domain s komponenty pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed funkce grafick\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed. D\u0159\u00edve bylo v ka\u017ed\u00e9m virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro ka\u017edou t\u0159\u00eddu aplikac\u00ed spu\u0161t\u011bno samostatn\u00e9 X-server, zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd spr\u00e1vce oken a video ovlada\u010d placeholder, kter\u00fd p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161el v\u00fdstup do \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v kompozitn\u00edm re\u017eimu, ale komponenty grafick\u00e9ho stacku, spr\u00e1vce oken hlavn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed plochy, n\u00e1stroje pro spr\u00e1vu obrazovky a grafick\u00e9 ovlada\u010de byly vykon\u00e1v\u00e1ny v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed Dom0. Nyn\u00ed lze funkce souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s grafikou p\u0159esunout z Dom0 do samostatn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed GUI Domain a odd\u011blit je od komponent syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V Dom0 z\u016fstal pouze speci\u00e1ln\u00ed proces na pozad\u00ed pro poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k ur\u010dit\u00fdm str\u00e1nk\u00e1m pam\u011bti. Podpora GUI Domain je zat\u00edm experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed a nen\u00ed ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed povolena.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed podpora Audio Domain, samostatn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zvuku. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"serveru\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3791\">serveru<\/a>, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vyb\u00edrat komponenty pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zvuku z Dom0.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n proces na pozad\u00ed qrexec-policy a nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m pravidel pro RPC mechanizmus Qrexec, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1vat p\u0159\u00edkazy v kontextu specifikovan\u00fdch virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Syst\u00e9m pravidel Qrexec ur\u010duje, kdo, co a kde m\u016f\u017ee v Qubes d\u011blat. Nov\u00e1 verze pravidel se vyzna\u010duje flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm form\u00e1tem, v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm v\u00fdkonu a syst\u00e9mem notifikac\u00ed, kter\u00fd usnad\u0148uje diagnostiku probl\u00e9m\u016f. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost prov\u00e1d\u011bt slu\u017eby Qrexec jako server dostupn\u00fd prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm socketu (socket server).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly navr\u017eeny t\u0159i nov\u00e9 \u0161ablony virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na Gentoo Linux \u2014 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed, s Xfce a s GNOME.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla implementov\u00e1na nov\u00e1 infrastruktura pro \u00fadr\u017ebu, automatizovan\u00e9 sestaven\u00ed a testov\u00e1n\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00fdch \u0161ablon virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Krom\u011b Gentoo je v infrastruktu\u0159e zaji\u0161t\u011bna podpora \u0161ablon s Arch Linux a testov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl vylep\u0161en syst\u00e9m sestaven\u00ed a testov\u00e1n\u00ed, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro kontrolu v syst\u00e9mu kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed integrace na b\u00e1zi GitLab CI.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla provedena pr\u00e1ce na realizaci podpory opakovateln\u00fdch sestaven\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na Debianu, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt pro potvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee komponenty Qubes byly sestaveny p\u0159\u00edmo z deklarovan\u00fdch zdrojov\u00fdch k\u00f3d\u016f a neobsahuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ciz\u00ed \u00fapravy, jejich\u017e vlo\u017een\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt provedeno nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fatokem na sestavovac\u00ed infrastrukturu nebo vlo\u017een\u00edm v kompil\u00e1toru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159eps\u00e1na implementace firewallu.    <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Verze OS Qubes 4.1, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 virtualizaci k izolaci aplikac\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/8c08509ca530f20cad5d8eb846850d86.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\">  Prost\u0159ed\u00ed sys-firewall a sys-usb se nyn\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00edmi nastaven\u00edmi spou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed v re\u017eimu \u201edisposable\u201c, tj. jsou jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 a mohou b\u00fdt vytv\u00e1\u0159eny na \u017e\u00e1dost.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla vylep\u0161ena podpora obrazovek s vysokou hustotou pixel\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f kurzoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla implementov\u00e1na zobrazovac\u00ed notifikace o nedostatku voln\u00e9ho m\u00edsta na disku.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora paranoidn\u00edho re\u017eimu obnoven\u00ed z\u00e1lohy, ve kter\u00e9m se pro obnovu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> V instal\u00e1toru byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost v\u00fdb\u011bru mezi Debianem a FedoCou pro \u0161ablony virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no nov\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed pro spr\u00e1vu aktualizac\u00ed.  <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Verze OS Qubes 4.1, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 virtualizaci k izolaci aplikac\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/3a6c39d150b0c18eef06f377e25ca95f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n n\u00e1stroj Template Manager pro instalaci, odinstalaci a aktualizaci \u0161ablon.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl vylep\u0161en mechanismus distribuce \u0161ablon.\n<li class=\"l\"> Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed Dom0 bylo aktualizov\u00e1no na bal\u00edkovou z\u00e1kladnu Fedora 32. \u0160ablony pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed byly aktualizov\u00e1ny na Fedora 34, Debian 11 a Whonix 16. V\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00edm je j\u00e1dro Linux 5.10. Aktualizov\u00e1n byl hypervisor Xen 4.14 a grafick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed Xfce 4.14.    <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56641\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Qubes 4.1, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041e\u0421 (\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441 6 \u0413\u0431 \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0438 64-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c CPU Intel \u0438\u043b\u0438 AMD \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 VT-x c EPT\/AMD-v c RVI [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":103195,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 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