{"id":103407,"date":"2022-02-22T03:36:42","date_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2"},"modified":"2022-02-22T03:36:42","modified_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:36:42","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e9ho filtru nftables 1.0.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Byla vyd\u00e1na verze bal\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e9ho filtru nftables 1.0.2, kter\u00e1 unifikuje rozhran\u00ed pro filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f pro IPv4, IPv6, ARP a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 mosty (c\u00edl\u00ed na nahrazen\u00ed iptables, ip6tables, arptables a ebtables). Nezbytn\u00e9 zm\u011bny pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed verze nftables 1.0.2 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 5.17-rc.      <\/p>\n<p>Bal\u00ed\u010dek nftables obsahuje prvky filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, zat\u00edmco na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra zaji\u0161\u0165uje provoz subsyst\u00e9m nf_tables, kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux od verze 3.13. Na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra je poskytov\u00e1no pouze obecn\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm protokolu a poskytuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce pro extrakci dat z paket\u016f, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed s daty a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed toku.    <\/p>\n<p>Samotn\u00e1 pravidla filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed a specifick\u00e9 zpracovatele protokol\u016f se kompiluj\u00ed do bytecode v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, pot\u00e9 je tento bytecode na\u010dten do j\u00e1dra pomoc\u00ed rozhran\u00ed Netlink a vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 se v j\u00e1d\u0159e v specializovan\u00e9 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroji\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4319\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroji<\/a>podob\u011b jako BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Tento p\u0159\u00edstup v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje velikost k\u00f3du filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd funguje na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra a p\u0159esouv\u00e1 v\u0161echny funkce anal\u00fdzy pravidel a logiky pr\u00e1ce s protokoly do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru.    <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed novinky:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n re\u017eim optimalizace pravidel, kter\u00fd se aktivuje pomoc\u00ed nov\u00e9 volby &#171;-o&#187; (&#171;&#8212;optimize&#187;), kterou lze kombinovat s volbou &#171;&#8212;check&#187; pro kontrolu a optimalizaci zm\u011bn v souboru s sadou pravidel bez jeho skute\u010dn\u00e9ho na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed. Optimalizace umo\u017e\u0148uje slou\u010den\u00ed podobn\u00fdch pravidel, nap\u0159\u00edklad pravidel:          meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.3 accept        meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.2 ip daddr 2.2.2.5 accept        ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.2 accept        ip saddr 2.2.2.2 ip daddr 3.3.3.3 drop\n<p>budou slou\u010dena do           meta iifname . ip saddr . ip daddr { eth1 . 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.3, eth1 .   1.1.1.2 . 2.2.2.5 } accept        ip saddr . ip daddr vmap { 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.2 : accept, 2.2.2.2 . 3.3.3.3   : drop }    <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00ed:       # nft -c -o -f ruleset.test     Slou\u010den\u00ed:       ruleset.nft:16:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.1 counter accept       ruleset.nft:17:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.2 counter accept       ruleset.nft:18:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.3 counter accept     do:       ip daddr { 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2, 192.168.0.3 } counter packets 0 bytes 0 accept      <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> V set-seznamech byla implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost ur\u010den\u00ed ip- a tcp-voleb, stejn\u011b jako chunk-\u016f sctp:            set s5 {                 typeof ip option ra value                 elements = { 1, 1024 }          }            set s7 {                 typeof sctp chunk init num-inbound-streams                 elements = { 1, 4 }          }            chain c5 {                 ip option ra value @s5 accept          }            chain c7 {                 sctp chunk init num-inbound-streams @s7 accept          }\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro TCP-voleb fastopen, md5sig a mptcp.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed podtypu mp-tcp:            tcp option mptcp subtype 1\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl vylep\u0161en k\u00f3d filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd funguje na stran\u011b j\u00e1dra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro flowtable byla implementov\u00e1na pln\u00e1 podpora form\u00e1tu JSON.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed akce &#171;reject&#187; p\u0159i operac\u00edch p\u0159i\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00ed Ethernetov\u00fdch r\u00e1mc\u016f.            ether saddr aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff ip daddr 192.168.0.1 reject      <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56739\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.2, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 1.0.2 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.17-rc. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.2, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e 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