{"id":103439,"date":"2022-02-26T15:37:02","date_gmt":"2022-02-26T13:37:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-bubblewrap-0-6-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij"},"modified":"2022-02-26T15:37:02","modified_gmt":"2022-02-26T13:37:02","slug":"vypusk-bubblewrap-0-6-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-bubblewrap-0-6-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij","title":{"rendered":"Verze Bubblewrap 0.6, vrstvy pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed izolovan\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Byl vyd\u00e1n n\u00e1stroj pro organizaci pr\u00e1ce izolovan\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed Bubblewrap 0.6, kter\u00fd se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k omezen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f. V praxi je Bubblewrap pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n projektem Flatpak jako vrstven\u00ed pro izolaci spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed ze zabalen\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. K\u00f3d projektu je naps\u00e1n v jazyce C a je distribuov\u00e1n pod licenc\u00ed LGPLv2+.    <\/p>\n<p>Pro izolaci se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed technologie kontejnerov\u00e9 virtualizace pro Linux, zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pou\u017eit\u00ed cgroups, prostor\u016f n\u00e1zv\u016f (namespaces), Seccomp a SELinux. Pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed privilegovan\u00fdch operac\u00ed p\u0159i konfiguraci kontejneru je Bubblewrap spou\u0161t\u011bn s pr\u00e1vy root (spustiteln\u00fd soubor s suid-flagem), s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm zru\u0161en\u00edm privilegi\u00ed po dokon\u010den\u00ed inicializace kontejneru.       <\/p>\n<p>Aktivace v syst\u00e9mu jmenn\u00fdch prostor\u016f identifik\u00e1tor\u016f u\u017eivatele (user namespaces), kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat v kontejnerech vlastn\u00ed odd\u011blenou sadu identifik\u00e1tor\u016f, nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba, proto\u017ee ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b distribuc\u00ed standardn\u011b nefunguje (Bubblewrap je prezentov\u00e1n jako omezen\u00e1 suid-implementace podmno\u017einy mo\u017enost\u00ed jmenn\u00fdch prostor\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f - pro vylou\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ech identifik\u00e1tor\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f a proces\u016f z prost\u0159ed\u00ed, krom\u011b aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho, se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed re\u017eimy CLONE_NEWUSER a CLONE_NEWPID). Pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed se programy spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 pod spr\u00e1vou Bubblewrap spou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed v re\u017eimu PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, kter\u00fd zakazuje z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch privilegi\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i aktivovan\u00e9m flagu setuid.     <\/p>\n<p>Izolace na \u00farovni souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu se prov\u00e1d\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00edm v\u00fdchoz\u00edho nov\u00e9ho prostoru n\u00e1zv\u016f bod\u016f montov\u00e1n\u00ed (mount namespace), ve kter\u00e9m se pomoc\u00ed tmpfs vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd ko\u0159enov\u00fd odd\u00edl. Do tohoto odd\u00edlu se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed odd\u00edly extern\u00edho FS v re\u017eimu &#171;mount &#8212;bind&#187; (nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s volbou &#171;bwrap &#8212;ro-bind \/usr \/usr&#187; se odd\u00edl \/usr proch\u00e1z\u00ed z hlavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu v re\u017eimu pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed). S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti jsou omezeny na p\u0159\u00edstup k loopback rozhran\u00ed s izolac\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edku pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f CLONE_NEWNET a CLONE_NEWUTS.    <\/p>\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm rozd\u00edlem od podobn\u00e9ho projektu Firejail, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 model spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s pou\u017eit\u00edm setuid, je to, \u017ee v Bubblewrap vrstva pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kontejner\u016f zahrnuje pouze nezbytn\u00e9 minimum mo\u017enost\u00ed, zat\u00edmco v\u0161echny roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 funkce pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed grafick\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, interakci se stoln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm a filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f na Pulseaudio, byly p\u0159evedeny na stranu Flatpak a vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed se a\u017e po zru\u0161en\u00ed privilegi\u00ed. Firejail v\u0161ak spojuje v jednom spustiteln\u00e9m souboru v\u0161echny souvisej\u00edc\u00ed funkce, co\u017e komplikuje jeho audit a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti na odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00farovni.      <\/p>\n<p>V nov\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro build syst\u00e9m Meson. Podpora pro sestaven\u00ed pomoc\u00ed Autotools zat\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zachov\u00e1na, ale bude odstran\u011bna v jednom z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch vyd\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost &#171;&#8212;add-seccomp&#187; pro p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e jednoho programu seccomp. P\u0159id\u00e1no varov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159i op\u011btovn\u00e9m zad\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017enosti &#171;&#8212;seccomp&#187; bude pou\u017eit pouze posledn\u00ed parametr.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hlavn\u00ed v\u011btev v git repozit\u00e1\u0159i byla p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1na na main.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 podpora specifikace REUSE, kter\u00e1 unifikuje proces poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o licenc\u00edch a autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech. Do mnoha soubor\u016f s k\u00f3dem byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny hlavi\u010dky SPDX-License-Identifier. Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed REUSE usnad\u0148uje automatick\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 licence se aplikuje na kter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti k\u00f3du aplikace.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na kontrola hodnoty po\u010ditadla argument\u016f p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky (argc) a byla implementov\u00e1na nouzov\u00e1 ukon\u010den\u00ed, pokud je po\u010ditadlo rovno nule. Zm\u011bna blokuje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed probl\u00e9my zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00fdch argument\u016f p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky, jako je CVE-2021-4034 v Polkit.    <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56764\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Bubblewrap 0.6, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 Bubblewrap \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c Flatpak \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 LGPLv2+. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Bubblewrap 0.6, \u043a\u0430\u043a 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