{"id":103654,"date":"2022-03-30T15:36:49","date_gmt":"2022-03-30T13:36:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-mirageos-4-0-platformy-dlya-zapuska-prilozhenij-poverh-gipervizora"},"modified":"2022-03-30T15:36:49","modified_gmt":"2022-03-30T13:36:49","slug":"vypusk-mirageos-4-0-platformy-dlya-zapuska-prilozhenij-poverh-gipervizora","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-mirageos-4-0-platformy-dlya-zapuska-prilozhenij-poverh-gipervizora","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed MirageOS 4.0, platformy pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed aplikac\u00ed nad hypervizorem","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po v\u00edce ne\u017e roce a p\u016fl v\u00fdvoje byl vyd\u00e1n projekt MirageOS 4.0, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f pro jedno aplikaci, kde je aplikace dod\u00e1v\u00e1na jako samostatn\u00fd \u201eunikernel\u201c, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u011b\u017eet bez pou\u017eit\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, samostatn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra OS a jak\u00fdchkoliv meziprodukt\u016f. Pro v\u00fdvoj aplikac\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jazyk OCaml. K\u00f3d projektu je distribuov\u00e1n pod svobodnou licenc\u00ed ISC.    <\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echna n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e1 funk\u010dnost, charakteristick\u00e1 pro opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, je realizov\u00e1na ve form\u011b knihovny, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159ipojena k aplikaci. Aplikace m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyvinuta v jak\u00e9mkoli OS a pot\u00e9 je zkompilov\u00e1na do specializovan\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra (koncept unikernel), kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u011b\u017eet p\u0159\u00edmo nad hypervizory Xen, <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4406\">KVM<\/a>, BHyve a VMM (OpenBSD), na mobiln\u00edch platform\u00e1ch, ve form\u011b procesu v prost\u0159ed\u00ed kompatibiln\u00edm s POSIX, nebo v cloudov\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud a Google Compute Engine.     <\/p>\n<p>Vygenerovan\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed neobsahuje nic nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9ho a interaguje p\u0159\u00edmo s hypervizorem bez ovlada\u010d\u016f a syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vrstev, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje dos\u00e1hnout v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed re\u017eijn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti. Pr\u00e1ce s MirageOS se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze t\u0159\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed: p\u0159\u00edprava konfigurace s ur\u010den\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch OPAM bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, sestaven\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Runtime pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u010dinnosti nad hypervizory je postaven na z\u00e1klad\u011b j\u00e1dra Solo5.    <\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e jsou aplikace a knihovny vytv\u00e1\u0159eny ve vysoce \u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9m jazyce OCaml, v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed vykazuj\u00ed velmi dobrou v\u00fdkonnost a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost (nap\u0159\u00edklad DNS server zab\u00edr\u00e1 pouh\u00fdch 200 KB). Spr\u00e1va prost\u0159ed\u00ed je rovn\u011b\u017e zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1, proto\u017ee p\u0159i aktualizaci programu nebo zm\u011bn\u011b konfigurace sta\u010d\u00ed vytvo\u0159it a spustit nov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Podporuje se n\u011bkolik stovek knihoven v jazyce OCaml pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch operac\u00ed (DNS, SSH, OpenFlow, HTTP, XMPP, Matrix, OpenVPN atd.), pr\u00e1ci se skladovac\u00edmi syst\u00e9my a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed paraleln\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat.     <\/p>\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 vylep\u0161en\u00ed:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl upraven proces kompilace projekt\u016f a unikernel. M\u00edsto d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho sestavovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu ocamlbuild byl nasazen n\u00e1stroj dune a lok\u00e1ln\u00ed repozit\u00e1\u0159e (monorepo). Pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto repozit\u00e1\u0159\u016f byla p\u0159id\u00e1na nov\u00e1 utilita opam-monorepo, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila odd\u011blit spr\u00e1vu bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f od sestaven\u00ed ze zdrojov\u00fdch text\u016f. Utilita opam-monorepo vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fakoly, jako je vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed lock soubor\u016f pro z\u00e1vislosti spojen\u00e9 s projektem, stahov\u00e1n\u00ed a extrakce k\u00f3du z\u00e1vislost\u00ed a nastaven\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro pou\u017eit\u00ed sestavovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu dune. Samotn\u00e9 sestaven\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje dune.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl poskytnut opakovateln\u00fd proces sestaven\u00ed. Pou\u017eit\u00ed lock soubor\u016f zaji\u0161\u0165uje vazby na verze z\u00e1vislost\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uje kdykoli pln\u011b zopakovat proces sestaven\u00ed se stejn\u00fdm k\u00f3dem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl realizov\u00e1n nov\u00fd proces kroskompilace a byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna mo\u017enost kroskompilace pro v\u0161echny podporovan\u00e9 c\u00edlov\u00e9 platformy z jednoho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho sestavovac\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e se tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u00ed kroskompilace z\u00e1vislost\u00ed a knihoven se vazbami v jazyce C, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9 tyto vazby p\u0159id\u00e1vat do hlavn\u00edho bal\u00edku. Kroskompilace je organizov\u00e1na s pou\u017eit\u00edm pracovn\u00edch prostor\u016f, kter\u00e9 poskytuje sestavovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m dune.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora nov\u00fdch c\u00edlov\u00fdch platforem, nap\u0159\u00edklad byla poskytnuta experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enost sestaven\u00ed samostatn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed pro provoz na desk\u00e1ch Raspberry Pi 4.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla provedena pr\u00e1ce na integraci \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed MirageOS do ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f spojen\u00fdch s v\u00fdvojem v jazyce OCaml, aby se usnadnilo sestaven\u00ed aplikac\u00ed ve form\u011b unikernel. Mnoho bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f MirageOS bylo portov\u00e1no pro sestavovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m dune. Utilita opam-monorepo je dostupn\u00e1 pro instalaci pomoc\u00ed spr\u00e1vce bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f opam a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita v projektech, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sestavovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m dune. Pro \u00fadr\u017ebu patch\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my se sestaven\u00edm z\u00e1vislost\u00ed v dune, byly vytvo\u0159eny dva repozit\u00e1\u0159e dune-universe\/opam-overlays a dune-universe\/mirage-opam-overlays, kter\u00e9 jsou zahrnuty ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed CLI utility mirage.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1 integrace MirageOS s knihovnami v jazyc\u00edch C a Rust.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl navr\u017een nov\u00fd OCaml runtime, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje obej\u00edt se bez libc (libc-free).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eby Merlin pro integraci s typov\u00fdmi integrovan\u00fdmi v\u00fdvojov\u00fdmi prost\u0159ed\u00edmi.      <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56938\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 MirageOS 4.0, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 &#171;unikernel&#187;, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u0421 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435\u043a. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a OCaml. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 ISC. \u0412\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 MirageOS 4.0, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c 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