{"id":103819,"date":"2022-04-19T15:36:59","date_gmt":"2022-04-19T13:36:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dvizhenie-po-vklyucheniyu-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-postavku-debian"},"modified":"2022-04-19T15:36:59","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T13:36:59","slug":"dvizhenie-po-vklyucheniyu-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-postavku-debian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/dvizhenie-po-vklyucheniyu-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-postavku-debian","title":{"rendered":"Hnut\u00ed za zahrnut\u00ed propriet\u00e1rn\u00edch firmwar\u016f do distribuce Debian","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Steve McIntyre, kter\u00fd n\u011bkolik let vedl projekt Debian, se pokusil p\u0159ehodnotit p\u0159\u00edstup Debianu k dod\u00e1vk\u00e1m propriet\u00e1rn\u00edch firmware, kter\u00e9 v sou\u010dasnosti nejsou zahrnuty v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch instala\u010dn\u00edch obrazech a jsou dod\u00e1v\u00e1ny v samostatn\u00e9m repozit\u00e1\u0159i non-free. Podle Steva, \u00fasil\u00ed o dosa\u017een\u00ed ide\u00e1lu dod\u00e1vek pouze otev\u0159en\u00e9ho softwaru p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee, kdy v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech mus\u00ed instalovat propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed firmware, pokud cht\u011bj\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout pln\u00e9ho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho hardwaru. <\/p>\n

Propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed firmware jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v samostatn\u00e9m repozit\u00e1\u0159i non-free, vedle dal\u0161\u00edch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, kter\u00e9 nejsou distribuov\u00e1ny pod svobodn\u00fdmi a otev\u0159en\u00fdmi licencemi. Repozit\u00e1\u0159 non-free ofici\u00e1ln\u011b nepat\u0159\u00ed k projektu Debian a bal\u00ed\u010dky z n\u011bj nemohou b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed instala\u010dn\u00edch a live verz\u00ed. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu jsou instala\u010dn\u00ed obrazy s propriet\u00e1rn\u00edmi firmware sestavov\u00e1ny odd\u011blen\u011b a za\u0159azeny do kategorie neofici\u00e1ln\u00edch, i kdy\u017e form\u00e1ln\u011b je vyv\u00edj\u00ed a udr\u017euje projekt Debian. <\/p>\n

T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem bylo ve spole\u010dnosti dosa\u017eeno ur\u010dit\u00e9ho status quo, ve kter\u00e9m se spojuje p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed dod\u00e1vat v distribuci pouze otev\u0159en\u00fd software a pot\u0159eba u\u017eivatel\u016f po firwmawarech. Existuje tak\u00e9 mal\u00fd soubor svobodn\u00fdch firmware, kter\u00fd je zahrnut v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch sestav\u00e1ch a hlavn\u00edm repozit\u00e1\u0159i, ale takov\u00fdch firmware je velmi m\u00e1lo a v\u011bt\u0161inou nesta\u010d\u00ed. <\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edstup, kter\u00fd Debian uplat\u0148uje, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u0159adu probl\u00e9m\u016f, mezi nimi\u017e je nepohodl\u00ed pro u\u017eivatele a n\u00e1klady na sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed, testov\u00e1n\u00ed a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed neofici\u00e1ln\u00edch sestav s uzav\u0159en\u00fdmi firmware. Projekt prezentuje jako hlavn\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00e9 sestavy ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed obrazy, ale t\u00edm jen uvede u\u017eivatele do zmatku, proto\u017ee p\u0159i instalaci \u010del\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016fm s podporou hardwaru. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed neofici\u00e1ln\u00edch sestav pak nevyhnuteln\u011b podporuje popularizaci nesvobodn\u00e9ho softwaru, jeliko\u017e u\u017eivatel spolu s firmwarem z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00fd repozit\u00e1\u0159 non-free s jin\u00fdm nesvobodn\u00fdm softwarem, zat\u00edmco pokud by byly firmware nab\u00edzeny samostatn\u011b, bez zahrnut\u00ed repozit\u00e1\u0159e non-free, bylo by mo\u017en\u00e9 se obej\u00edt. <\/p>\n

V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b v\u00fdrobci st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed extern\u00ed firmware, kter\u00e9 jsou na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1ny opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem, m\u00edsto dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed firmware v trval\u00e9 pam\u011bti na samotn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. Takov\u00e9 extern\u00ed firmware jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro mnoh\u00e9 modern\u00ed grafick\u00e9, zvukov\u00e9 a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 adapt\u00e9ry. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, ot\u00e1zka, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry lze firmware klasifikovat jako vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed dod\u00e1n\u00ed pouze svobodn\u00e9ho softwaru, je nejasn\u00e1, proto\u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti jsou firmware prov\u00e1d\u011bny na hardwarov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a nikoli v syst\u00e9mu a pat\u0159\u00ed k vybaven\u00ed. S obdobn\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem mohou na modern\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou vybaveny i zcela svobodn\u00fdmi distribucemi, b\u011b\u017eet firmware integrovan\u00e9 do vybaven\u00ed. Rozd\u00edl je v tom, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 firmware jsou na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1ny opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 jsou ji\u017e nahr\u00e1ny v ROM nebo Flash pam\u011bti. <\/p>\n

Steve p\u0159edlo\u017eil k diskusi p\u011bt hlavn\u00edch variant dod\u00e1n\u00ed firmware v Debianu, kter\u00e9 budou p\u0159edlo\u017eeny k obecn\u00e9mu hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f: <\/p>\n

  • Nechat v\u0161e beze zm\u011bny, dod\u00e1vat uzav\u0159en\u00e9 firmware pouze v jednotliv\u00fdch neofici\u00e1ln\u00edch sestaven\u00edch.\n
  • Ukon\u010dit poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed neofici\u00e1ln\u00edch sestaven\u00ed s nesvobodn\u00fdmi firmware a p\u0159izp\u016fsobit distribuci ideologii projektu, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pouze svobodn\u00e9ho softwaru.\n
  • P\u0159e\u0159adit neofici\u00e1ln\u00ed sestaven\u00ed s firmware do kategorie ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch a dod\u00e1vat je paraleln\u011b a na jednom m\u00edst\u011b se sestaven\u00edmi, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed pouze svobodn\u00fd software, co\u017e usnadn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm hled\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho firmware.\n
  • Zahrnout propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed firmware do ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch standardn\u00edch sestaven\u00ed a vzd\u00e1t se dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch neofici\u00e1ln\u00edch sestaven\u00ed. Nev\u00fdhodou takov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu je zahrnut\u00ed repozit\u00e1\u0159e non-free jako v\u00fdchoz\u00edmu nastaven\u00ed.\n
  • Odd\u011blit propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed firmware z repozit\u00e1\u0159e non-free do samostatn\u00e9 komponenty non-free-firmware a dod\u00e1vat ji v jin\u00e9m repozit\u00e1\u0159i, kter\u00fd nevy\u017eaduje aktivaci repozit\u00e1\u0159e non-free. P\u0159idat do pravidel projektu v\u00fdjimku, kter\u00e1 povoluje zahrnut\u00ed komponenty non-free-firmware do standardn\u00edch instala\u010dn\u00edch sestaven\u00ed. T\u00edm se vytvo\u0159\u00ed mo\u017enost vzd\u00e1t se formov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch neofici\u00e1ln\u00edch sestaven\u00ed, zahrnout firmware do standardn\u00edch sestaven\u00ed a neaktivovat u\u017eivatel\u016fm repozit\u00e1\u0159 non-free.\n

    S\u00e1m Steve podporuje p\u0159ijet\u00ed p\u00e1t\u00e9ho bodu, kter\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed projektu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 se neodch\u00fdlit od propagace svobodn\u00e9ho software, a p\u0159itom u\u010dinit produkt pohodln\u00fdm a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm pro u\u017eivatele. V instal\u00e1toru se navrhuje jasn\u011b rozd\u011blit svobodn\u00e9 a nesvobodn\u00e9 firmwary, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se u\u017eivateli poskytne mo\u017enost u\u010dinit informovan\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed a informovat ho, zda dostupn\u00e9 svobodn\u00e9 firmwary podporuj\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed hardware a zda existuj\u00ed projekty na v\u00fdvoj svobodn\u00fdch firmwar\u016f pro st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. B\u011bhem f\u00e1ze zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed se pl\u00e1nuje tak\u00e9 p\u0159idat nastaven\u00ed pro vypnut\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dku s nesvobodn\u00fdmi firmwary.
    \n
    Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0440 (Steve McIntyre), \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Debian, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Debian \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 non-free. \u041f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u041e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0443 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Hnut\u00ed za za\u0159azen\u00ed propriet\u00e1rn\u00edch firmwar\u016f do dod\u00e1vky Debian | ProHoster","description":"Steve McIntyre, kter\u00fd n\u011bkolik let zast\u00e1val pozici l\u00eddra projektu Debian, p\u0159i\u0161el s iniciativou p\u0159ehodnotit postoj Debianu k dod\u00e1vce 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