Ob\u010dansk\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), kter\u00e9 poskytuje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochranu svobodn\u00fdm projekt\u016fm a prosazuje nezbytnost dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed licenc\u00ed GPL, ozn\u00e1milo ukon\u010den\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed platformy pro spole\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj k\u00f3du GitHub a vyzvalo v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e dal\u0161\u00edch otev\u0159en\u00fdch projekt\u016f, aby \u0161li v jeho stop\u00e1ch. Sdru\u017een\u00ed tak\u00e9 spustilo iniciativu zam\u011b\u0159enou na usnadn\u011bn\u00ed migrace projekt\u016f z GitHubu na otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativy, nap\u0159\u00edklad CodeBerg (na b\u00e1zi Gitea) a SourceHut, nebo na zaveden\u00ed sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb na sv\u00fdch serverech zalo\u017een\u00fdch na otev\u0159en\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch, jako jsou Gitea nebo GitLab Community Edition. <\/p>\n
K vytvo\u0159en\u00ed iniciativy organizaci SFC povzbudilo neochotu GitHubu a Microsoftu zab\u00fdvat se etick\u00fdmi a pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi aspekty pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zdrojov\u00fdch text\u016f svobodn\u00e9ho softwaru jako z\u00e1kladu pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed modelu strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed v komer\u010dn\u00edm servisu GitHub Copilot. Z\u00e1stupci SFC se sna\u017eili zjistit, zda je vytvo\u0159en\u00fd model strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btem autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, a pokud ano, komu tato pr\u00e1va n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed a jak se vztahuj\u00ed k pr\u00e1v\u016fm na k\u00f3d, na jeho\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b byl model vyvinut. Tak\u00e9 zat\u00edm nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt k\u00f3dov\u00fd blok generovan\u00fd v GitHub Copilot, kter\u00fd opakuje k\u00f3d z projekt\u016f pou\u017eit\u00fdch p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji modelu, pova\u017eov\u00e1n za odvozen\u00e9 d\u00edlo a zda lze zahrnut\u00ed takov\u00fdch blok\u016f do propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho softwaru pova\u017eovat za poru\u0161en\u00ed copyrightov\u00fdch licenc\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Z\u00e1stupc\u016fm Microsoftu a GitHubu byly polo\u017eeny ot\u00e1zky o tom, jak\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed normy st\u00e1ly za tvrzen\u00edmi \u0159editele GitHubu, \u017ee tr\u00e9nink modelu strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed na ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdch datech spad\u00e1 do kategorie fair use a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du v GitHub Copilot lze interpretovat srovnateln\u011b s pou\u017eit\u00edm p\u0159eklada\u010de. D\u00e1le bylo Microsoftu po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1no o poskytnut\u00ed seznamu licenc\u00ed a p\u0159ehledu n\u00e1zv\u016f repozit\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly pou\u017eity p\u0159i tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed modelu. <\/p>\n
Byla tak\u00e9 vznesena ot\u00e1zka, jak se shoduje prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee je p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 tr\u00e9novat model na jak\u00e9mkoli k\u00f3du bez ohledu na pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 licence, s t\u00edm, \u017ee pro tr\u00e9nink GitHub Copilot byl pou\u017eit pouze k\u00f3d otev\u0159en\u00e9ho softwaru a tr\u00e9nink nezahrnuje k\u00f3d uzav\u0159en\u00fdch repozit\u00e1\u0159\u016f a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edch produkt\u016f spole\u010dnosti, jako jsou Windows a MS Office. Pokud je tr\u00e9nink modelu na jak\u00e9mkoli k\u00f3du pova\u017eov\u00e1n za f\u00e9rov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed, pro\u010d tedy Microsoft oce\u0148uje sv\u016fj du\u0161evn\u00ed majetek v\u00edce ne\u017e du\u0161evn\u00ed majetek v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f otev\u0159en\u00e9ho softwaru. <\/p>\n
Spole\u010dnost Microsoft se vyhnula odpov\u011bd\u00edm a neposkytla \u017e\u00e1dnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed anal\u00fdzu, kter\u00e1 by potvrzovala legitimitu sv\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed o f\u00e9rov\u00e9m vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Snahy o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch informac\u00ed byly podnik\u00e1ny od \u010dervence lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku. Nejprve z\u00e1stupci Microsoftu a GitHubu sl\u00edbili, \u017ee odpov\u011bd\u00ed co nejd\u0159\u00edve, ale nakonec neodpov\u011bd\u011bli. Po \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch byla zah\u00e1jena ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 diskuse o potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch a etick\u00fdch probl\u00e9mech v syst\u00e9mech strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed, ale z\u00e1stupci Microsoftu pozv\u00e1n\u00ed k \u00fa\u010dasti na n\u00ed ignorovali. Nakonec, po roce, z\u00e1stupci Microsoftu p\u0159\u00edmo odm\u00edtli diskutovat o t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce a vysv\u011btlili, \u017ee diskuse je bezp\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e1, proto\u017ee pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nezm\u011bn\u00ed postoj SFC. <\/p>\n
Krom\u011b st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s projektem GitHub Copilot se uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9my GitHubu: <\/p>\n
D\u00e1le se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee organizace SFC pozastavila p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch projekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 nepl\u00e1nuj\u00ed migrovat z GitHubu. Pro ji\u017e \u010dleny SFC se odchod z GitHubu nenut\u00ed, ale organizace je ochotna jim poskytnout v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zdroje a podporu, pokud maj\u00ed v \u00famyslu p\u0159ej\u00edt na jinou platformu. Krom\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrany se SFC zab\u00fdv\u00e1 shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00edm sponzorsk\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f a poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrany otev\u0159en\u00fdm projekt\u016fm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na sebe p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 funkce shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed dar\u016f a spr\u00e1vy aktiv projekt\u016f, co\u017e zbavuje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b soudn\u00edch spor\u016f. Mezi projekty, kter\u00e9 jsou podporov\u00e1ny SFC, pat\u0159\u00ed Git, CoreBoot, Wine, Samba, OpenWrt, QEMU, Mercurial, BusyBox, Inkscape a dal\u0161\u00edch asi deset otev\u0159en\u00fdch projekt\u016f. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0438 GPL, 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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"