{"id":104601,"date":"2022-07-05T15:36:51","date_gmt":"2022-07-05T13:36:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/deczentralizovannye-identifikatory-budut-standartizirovany-nesmotrya-na-vozrazheniya-google-i-mozilla"},"modified":"2022-07-05T15:36:51","modified_gmt":"2022-07-05T13:36:51","slug":"deczentralizovannye-identifikatory-budut-standartizirovany-nesmotrya-na-vozrazheniya-google-i-mozilla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/deczentralizovannye-identifikatory-budut-standartizirovany-nesmotrya-na-vozrazheniya-google-i-mozilla","title":{"rendered":"Decentralizovan\u00e9 identifik\u00e1tory budou standardizov\u00e1ny navzdory n\u00e1mitk\u00e1m Googlu a Mozilly.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Tim Berners-Lee ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee specifikace ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed decentralizovan\u00e9 identifik\u00e1tory pro Web (DID, Decentralized Identifier) z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 status doporu\u010dovan\u00e9ho standardu. N\u00e1mitky podan\u00e9 spole\u010dnostmi Google a Mozilla byly zam\u00edtnuty. <\/p>\n

Specifikace DID zav\u00e1d\u00ed nov\u00fd typ unik\u00e1tn\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch identifik\u00e1tor\u016f, kter\u00e9 nejsou v\u00e1z\u00e1ny na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 centralizovan\u00e9 slu\u017eby a organizace, jako jsou registr\u00e1to\u0159i dom\u00e9n nebo certifika\u010dn\u00ed autority. Identifik\u00e1tor m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt asociov\u00e1n s libovoln\u00fdm zdrojem a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt generov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00fdm d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje vlastn\u00edk zdroje. Pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed autenticity identifik\u00e1toru se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 autentizace s d\u016fkazem vlastnictv\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b kryptografick\u00fdch mechanism\u016f, jako jsou digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podpisy. Specifikace dovoluje vyu\u017e\u00edvat r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody distribuovan\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o identifik\u00e1torech, v\u010detn\u011b metod zalo\u017een\u00fdch na blockchainu. <\/p>\n

Form\u00e1t nov\u00e9ho URI se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jako \u201edid:metoda:unik\u00e1tn\u00ed_identifik\u00e1tor\u201c, kde \u201edid\u201c ur\u010duje novou sch\u00e9ma URI, \u201emetoda\u201c ozna\u010duje mechanismus zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed identifik\u00e1toru a \u201eunik\u00e1tn\u00ed_identifik\u00e1tor\u201c p\u0159edstavuje specifick\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor zdroje pro danou metodu, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201edid:example:123456789abcdefghi\u201c. V poli s metodou je uvedeno jm\u00e9no pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 slu\u017eby pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch dat, kter\u00e1 zaru\u010duj\u00ed jedine\u010dnost identifik\u00e1toru, ur\u010duj\u00ed jeho form\u00e1t a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed vazbu identifik\u00e1toru na zdroj, pro kter\u00fd byl vytvo\u0159en. URI s identifik\u00e1torem se p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed na dokument ve form\u00e1tu JSON s metadaty, kter\u00e1 popisuj\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fd objekt a zahrnuj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edka.

\"Decentralizovan\u00e9<\/center> <\/p>\n

Implementace metod p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed standard DID, jsou definov\u00e1ny ve sv\u00fdch specifikac\u00edch a jsou podporov\u00e1ny v samostatn\u00e9m registru. V sou\u010dasnosti bylo navr\u017eeno 135 metod na z\u00e1klad\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch blockchain\u016f, kryptografick\u00fdch algoritm\u016f, distribuovan\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, decentralizovan\u00fdch datab\u00e1z\u00ed, P2P syst\u00e9m\u016f a mechanism\u016f identifikace. Je tak\u00e9 povoleno vytv\u00e1\u0159et ob\u00e1lky DID nad centralizovan\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my, nap\u0159\u00edklad metoda web umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat vazbu na tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1zvy hostitel\u016f (nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201edid:web:example.com\u201c). <\/p>\n

N\u00e1mitky Google se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed specifikace obecn\u00e9ho mechanismu decentralizovan\u00fdch identifik\u00e1tor\u016f od specifikac\u00ed koncov\u00fdch implementac\u00ed metod, co\u017e neumo\u017e\u0148uje analyzovat spr\u00e1vnost z\u00e1kladn\u00ed specifikace bez prostudov\u00e1n\u00ed specifikac\u00ed metod. Publikace z\u00e1kladn\u00ed specifikace v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nep\u0159ipravenosti specifikac\u00ed metod zt\u011b\u017euje recenzov\u00e1n\u00ed a Google navrhl odlo\u017eit standardizaci obecn\u00e9 specifikace DID do doby, kdy budou p\u0159ipraveny standardizovat n\u011bkolik nejlep\u0161\u00edch metod, proto\u017ee b\u011bhem procesu standardizace metod se mohou objevit jemn\u00e9 nuance, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed \u00fapravy z\u00e1kladn\u00ed specifikace. <\/p>\n

N\u00e1mitky Mozilly spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v tom, \u017ee specifikace dostate\u010dn\u011b nenab\u00e1d\u00e1 k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159enositelnosti, m\u00edsto toho tuto ot\u00e1zku p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 do registru metod. V registru ji\u017e bylo navr\u017eeno v\u00edce ne\u017e sto metod, vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch bez ohledu na kompatibilitu a unifikaci typov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9m form\u00e1tu je podporov\u00e1no vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 metody pro ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fakol, m\u00edsto aby se pokusilo p\u0159izp\u016fsobit st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed metody sv\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. <\/p>\n

Pozice W3C spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee standardizace specifikace DID, kter\u00e1 definuje novou roz\u0161i\u0159itelnou t\u0159\u00eddu identifik\u00e1tor\u016f a s n\u00ed spojenou syntaxi, bude stimulovat v\u00fdvoj metod a dosa\u017een\u00ed konsenzu ohledn\u011b standardizace metod. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9m stavu existuje dostatek d\u016fkaz\u016f o pou\u017eitelnosti z\u00e1kladn\u00ed specifikace pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f po\u017eadovan\u00fdch komunitou vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed decentralizovan\u00e9 technologie. Navrhovan\u00e9 implementace metod by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt hodnoceny podle analogie s nov\u00fdmi sch\u00e9maty URL, zat\u00edmco vytvo\u0159en\u00ed velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu metod lze pova\u017eovat za shodu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed specifikace pot\u0159eb\u00e1m v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f. <\/p>\n

Standardizace ur\u010dit\u00fdch metod je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fakol, pokud jde o dosa\u017een\u00ed konsensu mezi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, ne\u017e standardizace obecn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy identifik\u00e1tor\u016f. Proto je schv\u00e1len\u00ed obecn\u00e9 specifikace p\u0159ed standardizac\u00ed metod pova\u017eov\u00e1no za \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee komunit\u011b implementuj\u00edc\u00ed decentralizovan\u00e9 identifik\u00e1tory p\u0159in\u00e9st men\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161kody.
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0422\u0438\u043c \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441-\u041b\u0438 (Tim Berners-Lee) \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f Web (DID, Decentralized Identifier), \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 Google \u0438 Mozilla, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f DID \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":104602,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Decentralizovan\u00e9 identifik\u00e1tory budou standardizov\u00e1ny, navzdory 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