{"id":104751,"date":"2022-08-01T09:36:42","date_gmt":"2022-08-01T07:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-19"},"modified":"2022-08-01T09:36:42","modified_gmt":"2022-08-01T07:36:42","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-19","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 5.19","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje p\u0159edstavil Linus Torvalds vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 5.19. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zm\u011bnami je podpora procesorov\u00e9 architektury LoongArch, integrace patch\u016f \u201eBIG TCP\u201c, re\u017eim \u201eon-demand\u201c v fscache, odstran\u011bn\u00ed k\u00f3du pro podporu form\u00e1tu a.out, mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed ZSTD pro kompresi firmwaru, rozhran\u00ed pro spr\u00e1vu vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru, zlep\u0161en\u00ed spolehlivosti a v\u00fdkonu gener\u00e1toru pseudon\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, podpora roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Intel IFS (In-Field Scan), AMD SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging), Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions) a ARM SME (Scalable Matrix Extension).     <\/p>\n<p>V ozn\u00e1men\u00ed Linus uvedl, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edmu vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra bude p\u0159i\u0159azeno \u010d\u00edslo 6.0, proto\u017ee v v\u011btvi 5.x se nahromadilo dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, aby do\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u011b prvn\u00edho \u010d\u00edsla v \u010d\u00edsle verze. Zm\u011bna \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed z estetick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f a je form\u00e1ln\u00edm krokem, kter\u00fd odstra\u0148uje nepohodl\u00ed z nahromad\u011bn\u00ed velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu vyd\u00e1n\u00ed v s\u00e9rii.     <\/p>\n<p>Linus tak\u00e9 zm\u00ednil, \u017ee k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edval notebook Apple zalo\u017een\u00fd na architektu\u0159e ARM64 (Apple Silicon) s Linuxov\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm zalo\u017een\u00fdm na distribuci Asahi Linux. To nen\u00ed hlavn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed stanice Linuse, ale tuto platformu pou\u017eil, aby ov\u011b\u0159il jej\u00ed vhodnost pro pr\u00e1ci na j\u00e1dru a byl si jist\u00fd, \u017ee bude schopen vytv\u00e1\u0159et vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra b\u011bhem cestov\u00e1n\u00ed s lehk\u00fdm notebookem po ruce. P\u0159edt\u00edm m\u011bl Linus mnoho let zku\u0161enosti s pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Apple pro v\u00fdvoj \u2014 kdysi pou\u017e\u00edval po\u010d\u00edta\u010d se CPU ppc970 a notebook Macbook Air.      <\/p>\n<p>Do nov\u00e9 verze bylo za\u0159azeno 16401 oprav od 2190 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f (v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm vyd\u00e1n\u00ed bylo 16206 oprav od 2127 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f), velikost patchu je 90 MB (zm\u011bny se dotkly 13847 soubor\u016f, p\u0159id\u00e1no 1149456 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du, odstran\u011bno 349177 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f). P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 39 % ze v\u0161ech p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fdch zm\u011bn v 5.19 je spojeno s ovlada\u010di za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, asi 21 % zm\u011bn se t\u00fdk\u00e1 aktualizace k\u00f3du specifick\u00e9ho pro hardwarov\u00e9 architektury, 11 % se vztahuje na s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd stack, 4 % na souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a 3 % na vnit\u0159n\u00ed subsyst\u00e9my j\u00e1dra.                 <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed novinky v j\u00e1d\u0159e 5.19:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, vstup\/v\u00fdstup a souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Syst\u00e9m soubor\u016f EROFS (Enhanced Read-Only File System), ur\u010den\u00fd pro pou\u017eit\u00ed na odd\u00edlech dostupn\u00fdch v re\u017eimu pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed, byl p\u0159eveden na pou\u017eit\u00ed subsyst\u00e9mu fscache, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje caching dat. Tato zm\u011bna umo\u017enila v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon syst\u00e9m\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch je spu\u0161t\u011bno velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kontejner\u016f z obrazu zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na EROFS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu fscache byl p\u0159id\u00e1n re\u017eim \u010dten\u00ed na vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed (\u201eon-demand\u201c), kter\u00fd je aktivov\u00e1n pro optimalizaci EROFS. Nov\u00fd re\u017eim umo\u017e\u0148uje organizovat ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed z obraz\u016f FS nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch se v m\u00edstn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu. Na rozd\u00edl od p\u016fvodn\u011b dostupn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu pr\u00e1ce zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v m\u00edstn\u00edm souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu dat p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch p\u0159es s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, re\u017eim \u201eon-demand\u201c deleguje funkce extrakce dat a jejich z\u00e1pisu do cache na samostatn\u00fd proces na pozad\u00ed, kter\u00fd b\u011b\u017e\u00ed v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> V XFS byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna mo\u017enost ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed miliard roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch atribut\u016f v i-node. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det extents pro jeden soubor byl zv\u00fd\u0161en z 4 miliard na 247. Byl implementov\u00e1n re\u017eim pro atomar \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu Btrfs je optimalizov\u00e1na pr\u00e1ce se z\u00e1mky, co\u017e vedlo k p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu asi o 7 % p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m z\u00e1pisu v re\u017eimu nowait. V\u00fdkon operac\u00ed v re\u017eimu NOCOW (bez copy-on-write) byl zv\u00fd\u0161en p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 3 %. Byla sn\u00ed\u017eena z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na str\u00e1nkovou vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu &#171;send&#187;. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost podstr\u00e1nek byla sn\u00ed\u017eena z 64K na 4K (podstr\u00e1nky men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e str\u00e1nky j\u00e1dra jsou nyn\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9). Do\u0161lo k p\u0159echodu z pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho stromu (radix tree) na algoritmus XArrays.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do NFS serveru byl p\u0159id\u00e1n re\u017eim prodlou\u017een\u00ed uchov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu z\u00e1mku, kter\u00fd byl nastaven klientem, kter\u00fd p\u0159estal odpov\u00eddat na po\u017eadavky. Nov\u00fd re\u017eim umo\u017e\u0148uje zdr\u017eet vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1mku a\u017e na 24 hodin, pokud jin\u00fd klient nepo\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o konkuren\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1mek. Ve standardn\u00edm re\u017eimu je z\u00e1mek vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn 90 sekund po tom, co klient p\u0159estal odpov\u00eddat.\n<li class=\"l\"> V subsyst\u00e9mu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed ve FS fanotify byl implementov\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edznak FAN_MARK_EVICTABLE, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00e9ho lze vypnout p\u0159ip\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edlov\u00fdch i-node v cache, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed podvrstvy bez p\u0159ip\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed jejich \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v cache.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovlada\u010de syst\u00e9mu soubor\u016f FAT32 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o \u010dase vytvo\u0159en\u00ed souboru p\u0159es syst\u00e9mov\u00fd vol\u00e1n\u00ed statx se realizac\u00ed efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a funk\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed varianty stat(), kter\u00e1 vrac\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 informace o souboru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly provedeny v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 optimalizace v ovlada\u010di exFAT, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed skupiny sektor\u016f p\u0159i aktivn\u00edm re\u017eimu &#8216;dirsync&#8217;, m\u00edsto sekven\u010dn\u00edho vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed po sektorech. D\u00edky sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu po\u017eadavk\u016f na bloky po proveden\u00ed optimalizace se v\u00fdkon vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f na SD kart\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161il o v\u00edce ne\u017e 73-85 % v z\u00e1vislosti na velikosti clusteru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do j\u00e1dra bylo zahrnuto prvn\u00ed opravn\u00e9 aktualizace ovlada\u010de ntfs3. Od doby, kdy byl ntfs3 za\u0159azen do j\u00e1dra 5.15 v \u0159\u00edjnu lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku, nebyl ovlada\u010d aktualizov\u00e1n a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i ztratili kontakt, ale nyn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i obnovili zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn. Ve navr\u017een\u00fdch patchech byly opraveny chyby vedouc\u00ed k \u00fanik\u016fm pam\u011bti a hav\u00e1ri\u00edm, vy\u0159e\u0161eny probl\u00e9my s prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm xfstests, byla vykon\u00e1na \u00fadr\u017eba nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho k\u00f3du a opraveny p\u0159eklepy.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro OverlayFS byla zavedena mo\u017enost mapov\u00e1n\u00ed identifik\u00e1tor\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed soubor\u016f konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho u\u017eivatele na p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 ciz\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti s jin\u00fdm u\u017eivatelem v aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm syst\u00e9mu.               <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u011b\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed podpora architektury instruk\u010dn\u00edho setu LoongArch, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v procesorech Loongson 3 5000 a implementuj\u00edc\u00ed nov\u00fd RISC ISA, podobn\u00fd MIPS a RISC-V. Architektura LoongArch je k dispozici ve t\u0159ech variant\u00e1ch: zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 32bitov\u00e9 (LA32R), b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 32bitov\u00e9 (LA32S) a 64bitov\u00e9 (LA64).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl odstran\u011bn k\u00f3d pro podporu form\u00e1tu spustiteln\u00fdch soubor\u016f a.out, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159eveden do kategorie zastaral\u00fdch ve vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 5.1. Form\u00e1t a.out se u\u017e dlouho nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na syst\u00e9mech s Linuxem a generace a.out soubor\u016f nen\u00ed podporov\u00e1na modern\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji v konfigurac\u00edch pro Linux ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed. Na\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed program pro soubory a.out m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1n zcela v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dohled nad bootovac\u00edmi mo\u017enostmi specifick\u00fdmi pro architekturu x86 byla ukon\u010dena: nosep, nosmap, nosmep, noexec a noclflush.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla ukon\u010dena podpora zastaral\u00e9 architektury CPU h8300 (Renesas H8\/300), kter\u00e1 je dlouho bez \u00fadr\u017eby.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny mo\u017enosti reakce na detekci rozd\u011blen\u00fdch z\u00e1mk\u016f (&#171;split lock&#187;), ke kter\u00fdm doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstupu k nevyrovnan\u00fdm dat\u016fm v pam\u011bti v d\u016fsledku toho, \u017ee b\u011bhem prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed atom\u00e1rn\u00ed instrukce data zasahuj\u00ed do dvou \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pam\u011bti CPU. Takov\u00e9 z\u00e1mky vedou k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu poklesu v\u00fdkonu. Pokud d\u0159\u00edve j\u00e1dro ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed vyd\u00e1valo varov\u00e1n\u00ed s informacemi o procesu, kter\u00fd z\u00e1mek vyvolal, nyn\u00ed bude probl\u00e9mov\u00fd proces nav\u00edc zpomalen, aby byla zachov\u00e1na v\u00fdkonnost zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora mechanismu IFS (In-Field Scan) implementovan\u00e9ho v procesorech Intel, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fdch diagnostick\u00fdch test\u016f CPU schopn\u00fdch odhalit probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 nejsou ur\u010deny standardn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky na z\u00e1klad\u011b k\u00f3d\u016f pro opravu chyb (ECC) nebo parity. Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 testy jsou navr\u017eeny jako spustiteln\u00fd firmware, uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd podobn\u011b jako aktualizace mikrok\u00f3du. V\u00fdsledky testov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou k dispozici prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sysfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost zabudov\u00e1n\u00ed souboru bootconfig do j\u00e1dra, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje krom\u011b mo\u017enost\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku definovat parametry pr\u00e1ce j\u00e1dra prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konfigura\u010dn\u00edho souboru. Zabudov\u00e1n\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed sestavovac\u00ed mo\u017enosti &#8216;CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED_FILE=&#187;\\\/PATH\\\/TO\\\/BOOTCONFIG\\\/FILE&#187;&#8216;. D\u0159\u00edve se bootconfig definoval p\u0159ipojen\u00edm k obrazu initrd. Zabudov\u00e1n\u00ed do j\u00e1dra umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat bootconfig v konfigurac\u00edch bez initrd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed firmwaru, komprimovan\u00e9ho pomoc\u00ed algoritmu Zstandard. Do sysfs byla p\u0159id\u00e1na sada ovl\u00e1dac\u00edch soubor\u016f \/sys\/class\/firmware\/*, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje zah\u00e1jit na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed firmwaru z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> V rozhran\u00ed asynchronn\u00edho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu io_uring byl p\u0159edstaven nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edznak IORING_RECVSEND_POLL_FIRST, jeho\u017e aktivac\u00ed bude s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 operace nejprve p\u0159ed\u00e1na k zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed pollingu, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee u\u0161et\u0159it zdroje v situac\u00edch, kdy je mo\u017en\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed operace se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm. Do io_uring byla tak\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed socket(), navr\u017eeny nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed spr\u00e1vy souborov\u00fdch descriptor\u016f, p\u0159id\u00e1n re\u017eim \u201emulti-shot\u201c pro p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika p\u0159ipojen\u00ed najednou ve vol\u00e1n\u00ed accept() a p\u0159id\u00e1ny operace pro proh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f NVMe p\u0159\u00edmo do za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu Xtensa byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna podpora ladic\u00edho n\u00e1stroje KCSAN (Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer), ur\u010den\u00e9ho pro dynamick\u00e9 odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u00ednek z\u00e1vodu uvnit\u0159 j\u00e1dra. Byla tak\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora re\u017eimu sp\u00e1nku a koprocessor\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu m68k (Motorola 68000) byla implementov\u00e1na <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4203\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj<\/a> (simul\u00e1tor platformy), zalo\u017een\u00fd na emul\u00e1toru Android Goldfish.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu AArch64 byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna podpora roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Armv9-A SME (Scalable Matrix Extension).\n<li class=\"l\"> V subsyst\u00e9mu eBPF je povoleno uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed typovan\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f v map-struktur\u00e1ch a byla tak\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora dynamick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl navr\u017een nov\u00fd p\u0159edv\u00eddav\u00fd mechanismus vyhazov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti, kter\u00fd podporuje \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru pomoc\u00ed souboru memory.reclaim. Zaps\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla do ur\u010den\u00e9ho souboru povede k pokusu o vyhozen\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edho po\u010dtu bajt\u016f z mno\u017einy spojen\u00e9 s cgroup.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena p\u0159esnost sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed pam\u011bti p\u0159i kompresi dat v odd\u00edlu swap pomoc\u00ed mechanismu zswap.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu RISC-V byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna podpora spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed 32bitov\u00fdch spustiteln\u00fdch soubor\u016f na 64bitov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na funkce pro p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed omezuj\u00edc\u00edch atribut\u016f k pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdm str\u00e1nk\u00e1m (nap\u0159. pro zak\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed do cache) a byla implementov\u00e1na funkce kexec_file_load().\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementace podpory 32bitov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f Armv4T a Armv5 byla p\u0159izp\u016fsobena pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v univerz\u00e1ln\u00edch multiplatformn\u00edch sestav\u00e1ch j\u00e1dra, vhodn\u00fdch pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 ARM syst\u00e9my.          <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizace a bezpe\u010dnost<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V subsyst\u00e9mu EFI byla realizov\u00e1na mo\u017enost d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu tajn\u00fdch informac\u00ed hostitelsk\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm bez jejich odhalen\u00ed hostitelsk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu. Data jsou poskytov\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm adres\u00e1\u0159e security\/coco v securityfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> V re\u017eimu ochrany Lockdown, kter\u00fd omezuje p\u0159\u00edstup u\u017eivatele root k j\u00e1dru a blokuje cesty obch\u00e1zen\u00ed UEFI Secure Boot, byla odstran\u011bna zranitelnost, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148ovala obch\u00e1zen\u00ed ochrany manipulac\u00ed s ladic\u00edm programem j\u00e1dra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly zahrnuty z\u00e1platy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed spolehlivosti a v\u00fdkonu gener\u00e1toru pseudon\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159i sestaven\u00ed pomoc\u00ed Clang 15 byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna podpora mechanismu randomizace struktur j\u00e1dra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanismu Landlock, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje omezit interakci skupiny proces\u016f s vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm, byla poskytnuta podpora pravidel, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed kontrolovat prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podsystema IMA (Architecture pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed integrity), ur\u010den\u00e1 k ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed integrity komponent opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu pomoc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch podpis\u016f a hash\u016f, byla p\u0159evedena na pou\u017eit\u00ed modulu fs-verity pro verifikaci soubor\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zm\u011bn\u011bna logika akc\u00ed p\u0159i vypnut\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k subsyst\u00e9mu eBPF \u2014 d\u0159\u00edve byly deaktivov\u00e1ny v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edkazy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm vol\u00e1n\u00edm bpf(), a od verze 5.19 byl ponech\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edstup k p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016fm, kter\u00e9 nevedou k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed objekt\u016f. P\u0159i tomto chov\u00e1n\u00ed je pro na\u010dten\u00ed BPF programu vy\u017eadov\u00e1n privilegovan\u00fd proces, ale pot\u00e9 mohou interactovat s t\u00edmto programem i neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 procesy.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed AMD SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging), kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uje bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz s vno\u0159en\u00fdmi tabulkami str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti a chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed \u00fatoky \u201eundeSErVed\u201c a \u201eSEVerity\u201c na procesory AMD EPYC, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi obej\u00edt ochrann\u00fd mechanismus AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora mechanismu Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje blokovat pokusy o neautorizovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k \u0161ifrovan\u00e9 pam\u011bti. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2112\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovlada\u010de virtio-blk, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho pro emulaci blokov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora vstup\u016f\/v\u00fdstup\u016f pomoc\u00ed polling, co\u017e podle proveden\u00fdch test\u016f umo\u017enilo sn\u00ed\u017eit latence p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 10%.                 <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bylo zahrnuto n\u011bkolik patch\u016f BIG TCP, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost TCP paketu a\u017e na 4 GB pro optimalizaci v\u00fdkonu vysoce rychl\u00fdch intern\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed datov\u00fdch center. Takov\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed velikosti paketu p\u0159i 16bitov\u00e9 velikosti pole v hlavi\u010dce je dosa\u017eeno prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm implementace \u201ejumbo\u201c paket\u016f, jejich\u017e velikost v IP hlavi\u010dce je nastavena na 0 a skute\u010dn\u00e1 velikost je p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1na v samostatn\u00e9m 32bitov\u00e9m poli v p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 hlavi\u010dce. P\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed velikosti paketu na 185 KB umo\u017enilo zv\u00fd\u0161it propustnost o 50 % a v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit latenci p\u0159enosu dat.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ce na integraci do s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edku prost\u0159edk\u016f pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din odm\u00edtnut\u00ed paket\u016f (k\u00f3dy reason). K\u00f3d p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny je p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n b\u011bhem uvoln\u011bn\u00ed pam\u011bti spojen\u00e9 s paketem a umo\u017e\u0148uje br\u00e1t v \u00favahu takov\u00e9 situace, jako je odm\u00edtnut\u00ed paketu z d\u016fvodu chyb p\u0159i vypln\u011bn\u00ed pol\u00ed v hlavi\u010dce, detekce spoofingu filtrem rp_filter, nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 kontroln\u00ed suma, nedostatek pam\u011bti, aktivace pravidel IPSec XFRM, nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 po\u0159adov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo TCP atd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro p\u0159echod p\u0159ipojen\u00ed MPTCP (MultiPath TCP) na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho TCP v situac\u00edch, kdy ur\u010dit\u00e9 funkce MPTCP nemohou b\u00fdt vyu\u017eity. MPTCP je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed protokolu TCP pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce TCP-p\u0159ipojen\u00ed s doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm paket\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b po n\u011bkolika cest\u00e1ch p\u0159es r\u016fzn\u00e9 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed sv\u00e1zan\u00e9 s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi IP adresami. Bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no API pro spr\u00e1vu tok\u016f MPTCP z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Hardware<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e 420 tis\u00edc \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s ovlada\u010dem amdgpu, z nich\u017e asi 400 tis\u00edc \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed z automaticky generovan\u00fdch hlavi\u010dkov\u00fdch soubor\u016f s daty pro registry ASIC v ovlada\u010di pro GPU AMD, a dal\u0161\u00edch 22,5 tis\u00edce \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f zaji\u0161\u0165uje po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed implementaci podpory AMD SoC21. Celkov\u00e1 velikost ovlada\u010de pro GPU AMD p\u0159ekro\u010dila 4 miliony \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du. Krom\u011b SoC21 obsahuje ovlada\u010d AMD podporu SMU 13.x (System Management Unit), byla aktualizov\u00e1na podpora USB-C a GPUVM, a byl proveden p\u0159\u00edprava na podporu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch generac\u00ed platforem RDNA3 (RX 7000) a CDNA (AMD Instinct).\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di i915 (Intel) byly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny mo\u017enosti souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se spr\u00e1vou spot\u0159eby energie. Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny identifik\u00e1tory GPU Intel DG2 (Arc Alchemist), pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v notebooc\u00edch, byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed podpora platformy Intel Raptor Lake-P (RPL-P), byla p\u0159id\u00e1na informace o grafick\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch Arctic Sound-M, byl realizov\u00e1n ABI pro v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed enginy, pro karty DG2 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora form\u00e1tu Tile4, pro syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na mikroarchitektu\u0159e Haswell byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna podpora DisplayPort HDR.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di Nouveau do\u0161lo k p\u0159echodu na pou\u017eit\u00ed zpracovatele drm_gem_plane_helper_prepare_fb, pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 struktury a prom\u011bnn\u00e9 bylo pou\u017eito statick\u00e9 alokace pam\u011bti. Co se t\u00fd\u010de pou\u017eit\u00ed v Nouveau otev\u0159en\u00fdch spole\u010dnostmi NVIDIA zdrojov\u00fdch text\u016f modul\u016f j\u00e1dra, pr\u00e1ce zat\u00edm spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v identifikaci a eliminaci chyb. V budoucnu se pl\u00e1nuje vyu\u017eit\u00ed zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9ho firmwaru pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu ovlada\u010de.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n ovlada\u010d pro \u0159adi\u010d NVMe, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch Apple zalo\u017een\u00fdch na \u010dipu M1.                    <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Latinskoamerick\u00e1 Nadace za svobodn\u00fd software z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyvinula pln\u011b svobodnou verzi j\u00e1dra 5.19 \u2014 Linux-libre 5.19-gnu, kter\u00e9 bylo o\u010di\u0161t\u011bno od prvk\u016f firmware a ovlada\u010d\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch nesvobodn\u00e9 komponenty nebo \u010d\u00e1sti k\u00f3du, jejich\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed je omezeno v\u00fdrobcem. V nov\u00e9 verzi do\u0161lo k \u00faprav\u011b ovlada\u010d\u016f pro pureLiFi X\/XL\/XC a TI AMx3 Wkup-M3 IPC. K\u00f3d pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed blob\u016f v ovlada\u010d\u00edch a subsyst\u00e9mech Silicon Labs WFX, AMD amdgpu, Qualcomm WCNSS Peripheral Image Loader, Realtek Bluetooth, Mellanox Spectrum, Marvell WiFi-Ex, Intel AVS, IFS, pu3-imgu ovlada\u010d\u00edch byl aktualizov\u00e1n. Byla implementov\u00e1na podpora zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed devicetree soubor\u016f Qualcomm AArch64. P\u0159id\u00e1na podpora nov\u00e9 sch\u00e9my pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed komponent Sound Open Firmware. Bylo ukon\u010deno \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovlada\u010de ATM Ambassador, kter\u00fd byl odstran\u011bn z j\u00e1dra. Spr\u00e1va \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed blob\u016f v HDCP a Mellanox Core byla p\u0159esunuta do samostatn\u00fdch tag\u016f kconfig.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57449\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.19. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b LoongArch, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0439 &#171;BIG TCP&#187;, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c &#171;on-demand&#187; \u0432 fscache, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 a.out, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f ZSTD \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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