Spole\u010dnost Google ozn\u00e1mila otev\u0159en\u00ed prac\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s projektem KataOS, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je vytvo\u0159en\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu pro vestav\u011bn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 komponenty KataOS jsou naps\u00e1ny v jazyce Rust a b\u011b\u017e\u00ed nad mikrokernelem seL4, pro kter\u00fd byly na syst\u00e9mech RISC-V poskytnuty matematick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o spolehlivosti, potvrzuj\u00edc\u00ed pln\u00e9 soulady k\u00f3du se specifikacemi stanoven\u00fdmi form\u00e1ln\u00edm jazykem. K\u00f3d projektu je dostupn\u00fd pod licenc\u00ed Apache 2.0. <\/p>\n
Syst\u00e9m podporuje platformy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na architektur\u00e1ch RISC-V a ARM64. Pro simulaci pr\u00e1ce seL4 a prost\u0159ed\u00ed KataOS na hardware b\u011bhem v\u00fdvoje se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 framework Renode. Jako referen\u010dn\u00ed implementace byl navr\u017een softwarov\u011b-hardwareov\u00fd komplex Sparrow, kter\u00fd kombinuje KataOS s zabezpe\u010den\u00fdmi \u010dipy zalo\u017een\u00fdmi na platform\u011b OpenTitan. Navrhovan\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje spojit logicky verifikovan\u00e9 j\u00e1dro opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu se d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdmi hardwarov\u00fdmi komponenty (RoT, Root of Trust), postaven\u00fdmi pomoc\u00ed platformy OpenTitan a architekturou RISC-V. Krom\u011b k\u00f3du KataOS se pl\u00e1nuje tak\u00e9 zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch komponent Sparrow, v\u010detn\u011b hardwarov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti. <\/p>\n
Platforma se vyv\u00edj\u00ed s ohledem na pou\u017eit\u00ed ve specializovan\u00fdch \u010dipech ur\u010den\u00fdch pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed aplikac\u00ed strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 ochrany a potvrzen\u00ed absence selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad takov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed jsou uv\u00e1d\u011bny syst\u00e9my manipuluj\u00edc\u00ed s obrazy lid\u00ed a hlasov\u00fdmi nahr\u00e1vkami. Pou\u017eit\u00ed verifikace spolehlivosti v KataOS zaru\u010duje, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed jedn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti syst\u00e9mu se toto selh\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na zbytek syst\u00e9mu a zejm\u00e9na na j\u00e1dro a kritick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti. <\/p>\n
Architektura seL4 se vyzna\u010duje odd\u011blen\u00edm \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pro spr\u00e1vu zdroj\u016f j\u00e1dra do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru a pou\u017eit\u00edm stejn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f pro kontrolu p\u0159\u00edstupu k t\u011bmto zdroj\u016fm jako pro u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 zdroje. Mikro-j\u00e1dro neposkytuje hotov\u00e9 vysoce\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 abstrakce pro spr\u00e1vu soubor\u016f, proces\u016f, s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch p\u0159ipojen\u00ed atd., m\u00edsto toho poskytuje pouze minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanismy pro spr\u00e1vu p\u0159\u00edstupu k fyzick\u00e9mu adresn\u00edmu prostoru, p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edm a zdroj\u016fm procesoru. Vysoce\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 abstrakce a ovlada\u010de pro interakci s hardwarem jsou implementov\u00e1ny odd\u011blen\u011b nad mikro-j\u00e1drem ve form\u011b \u00faloh b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch na u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 \u00farovni. P\u0159\u00edstup t\u011bchto \u00faloh k dostupn\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm mikro-j\u00e1dra je organizov\u00e1n prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm definov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel. <\/p>\n
Pro dodate\u010dnou ochranu jsou v\u0161echny komponenty, krom\u011b mikro-j\u00e1dra, p\u016fvodn\u011b vyv\u00edjeny v jazyce Rust pomoc\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch programovac\u00edch technik, kter\u00e9 minimalizuj\u00ed chyby p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011bt\u00ed, vedouc\u00ed k probl\u00e9m\u016fm jako je p\u0159\u00edstup do oblasti pam\u011bti po jej\u00edm uvoln\u011bn\u00ed, dereferencov\u00e1n\u00ed nulov\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f a ohrani\u010den\u00ed bufferu. V Rustu jsou mimo jin\u00e9 naps\u00e1ny na\u010d\u00edta\u010de aplikac\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed seL4, syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, framework pro v\u00fdvoj aplikac\u00ed, API pro p\u0159\u00edstup k syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm vol\u00e1n\u00ed, spr\u00e1vce proces\u016f, mechanismus dynamick\u00e9ho rozd\u011blen\u00ed pam\u011bti apod. Pro verifikovanou konstrukci je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n n\u00e1stroj CAmkES, vyv\u00edjen\u00fd projektem seL4. Komponenty pro CAmkES mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159eny v jazyce Rust. <\/p>\n
Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s pam\u011bt\u00ed je v Rustu zaji\u0161t\u011bno b\u011bhem kompilace pomoc\u00ed kontroly odkaz\u016f, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed objekt\u016f a zohledn\u011bn\u00ed doby \u017eivota objekt\u016f (oblast\u00ed viditelnosti), jako\u017e i hodnocen\u00edm spr\u00e1vnosti p\u0159\u00edstupu k pam\u011bti b\u011bhem vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du. Rust tak\u00e9 poskytuje prost\u0159edky na ochranu p\u0159ed p\u0159ete\u010den\u00edm cel\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, vy\u017eaduje povinnou inicializaci hodnot prom\u011bnn\u00fdch p\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm, aplikuje koncept nem\u011bnnosti (immutable) odkaz\u016f a prom\u011bnn\u00fdch ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed a nab\u00edz\u00ed silnou statickou typizaci pro minimalizaci logick\u00fdch chyb. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c KataOS, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b KataOS \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Rust \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 seL4, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 RISC-V \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Google otev\u0159el zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu KataOS | ProHoster","description":"Spole\u010dnost Google ozn\u00e1mila zah\u00e1jen\u00ed sv\u00e9ho projektu KataOS, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je vytvo\u0159en\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu pro vestav\u011bn\u00e9 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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"