Spole\u010dnost Microsoft zve\u0159ejnila v\u00fdzkumy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s projektem CHERIoT (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V for Internet of Things), jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je eliminovat probl\u00e9my se zabezpe\u010den\u00edm v existuj\u00edc\u00edm k\u00f3du v jazyc\u00edch C a C++. CHERIoT nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00ed k\u00f3dov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny v C\/C++ bez nutnosti jejich p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ochrana je zaji\u0161t\u011bna prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm modifikovan\u00e9ho kompil\u00e1toru, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou sadu procesorov\u00fdch instrukc\u00ed (ISA), poskytovan\u00fdch procesorem a na hardwarov\u00e9 \u00farovni sleduj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup k pam\u011bti, kontroluj\u00edc\u00edch spr\u00e1vnost pr\u00e1ce s ukazateli a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch izolaci blok\u016f k\u00f3du. <\/p>\n
Projekt byl vytvo\u0159en s ohledem na to, \u017ee n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e1 povaha jazyka C se st\u00e1v\u00e1 zdrojem chyb p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011bt\u00ed, co\u017e vede k probl\u00e9m\u016fm jako je p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1sobn\u00edku, p\u0159\u00edstup k ji\u017e uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 pam\u011bti, dereferencov\u00e1n\u00ed ukazatel\u016f nebo dvakr\u00e1t uvoln\u011bn\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165. Praxe ukazuje, \u017ee i velk\u00e9 korporace, jako Google a Microsoft, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsnou politiku p\u0159ezkumu zm\u011bn a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed modern\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 metody a n\u00e1stroje pro statickou anal\u00fdzu, nemohou zaru\u010dit absenci chyb p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011bt\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70 % zranitelnost\u00ed v softwarov\u00fdch produktech Microsoftu a Googlu je zp\u016fsobeno nebezpe\u010dnou prac\u00ed s pam\u011bt\u00ed). <\/p>\n
Probl\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161en pou\u017eit\u00edm programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f, kter\u00e9 zaru\u010duj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnou pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011bt\u00ed, nebo obalov\u00fdmi komponentami s dal\u0161\u00edmi kontrolami, nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00edm m\u00edsto b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f typu MiraclePtr (raw_ptr), kter\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00e9 kontroly p\u0159\u00edstupu k uvoln\u011bn\u00fdm oblastem pam\u011bti. Ale takov\u00e9 metody jsou vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro nov\u00fd k\u00f3d, a ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed projekty v C\/C++ je pom\u011brn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159epracovat, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pokud jsou ur\u010deny pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00edch s omezen\u00fdmi zdroji, jako jsou vestav\u011bn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed internetov\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Hardwarov\u00e9 komponenty CHERIoT jsou zpracov\u00e1ny ve form\u011b mikrokontrol\u00e9ru zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na architektu\u0159e RISC-V, kter\u00e1 implementuje chr\u00e1n\u011bnou procesorovou architekturu CHERI (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V), poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed model spravovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k pam\u011bti na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u201ecapability\u201c (ka\u017ed\u00e1 operace \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pisu do pam\u011bti je autorizov\u00e1na). Na z\u00e1klad\u011b architektury sady p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f (ISA) poskytovan\u00e9 v CHERIoT byla vyvinuta softwarov\u00e1 model, kter\u00e1 zaji\u0161\u0165uje bezpe\u010dnost pr\u00e1ce s pam\u011bt\u00ed na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch objekt\u016f, poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed ochranu p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edstupem k ji\u017e uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 pam\u011bti a realizuj\u00edc\u00ed lehk\u00fd syst\u00e9m izolace p\u0159\u00edstupu k pam\u011bti. Uveden\u00fd softwarov\u00fd model ochrany se p\u0159\u00edmo odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v jazykov\u00e9m modelu C\/C++, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed na ochranu existuj\u00edc\u00edch aplikac\u00ed (je t\u0159eba pouze p\u0159ecompliovat a spustit na hardwaru podporuj\u00edc\u00edm ISA CHERIoT). <\/p>\n
Navrhovan\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje blokovat chyby, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed hranic objektu v pam\u011bti, nedovoluje podvrh ukazatel\u016f (v\u0161echny ukazatele mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odvozeny od ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch ukazatel\u016f), sleduje p\u0159\u00edstup do pam\u011bti po uvoln\u011bn\u00ed (jak\u00fdkoli p\u0159\u00edstup k pam\u011bti prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm neplatn\u00e9ho ukazatele nebo ukazatele odkazuj\u00edc\u00edho na uvoln\u011bn\u00fd objekt vede k vygenerov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdjimky). Nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00ed CHERIoT umo\u017e\u0148uje bez zm\u011bn v k\u00f3du implementovat automatickou kontrolu hranic, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotnosti oblast\u00ed pam\u011bti a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed integrity ukazatel\u016f v komponent\u00e1ch zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch ned\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e1 data. <\/p>\n
Projekt zahrnuje specifikaci roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 architektury instruk\u010dn\u00ed sady CHERIoT, referen\u010dn\u00ed implementaci 32bitov\u00e9ho CPU RISC-V s podporou ISA CHERIoT a modifikovan\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje LLVM. Sch\u00e9mata prototypu CPU a popisy hardwarov\u00fdch blok\u016f v jazyce Verilog jsou distribuov\u00e1ny pod licenc\u00ed Apache 2.0. Jako z\u00e1klad pro CPU bylo pou\u017eito j\u00e1dro Ibex z projektu lowRISC. Model k\u00f3du CHERIoT ISA je definov\u00e1n v jazyce Sail a je distribuov\u00e1n pod licenc\u00ed BSD. <\/p>\n
D\u00e1le byl navr\u017een prototyp opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho \u010dasu CHERIoT RTOS, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje izolaci compartment\u016f i na vestav\u011bn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech s 256 MB RAM. K\u00f3d CHERIoT RTOS je naps\u00e1n v jazyce C++ a je distribuov\u00e1n pod licenc\u00ed MIT. V podob\u011b compartment\u016f jsou navr\u017eeny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed komponenty OS, jako je bootloader, pl\u00e1nova\u010d a syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy pam\u011bti. <\/p>\n
Kompartiment v CHERIoT RTOS p\u0159edstavuje izolovanou kombinaci k\u00f3du a glob\u00e1ln\u00edch prom\u011bnn\u00fdch, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 sd\u00edlenou knihovnu, ale na rozd\u00edl od n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit sv\u016fj stav (mutable) a spou\u0161t\u011bt se v odd\u011blen\u00e9m bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm kontextu. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd k\u00f3d zven\u010d\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edat \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k\u00f3du v kompartimentu a z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup k objekt\u016fm, krom\u011b vol\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u011b definovan\u00fdch vstupn\u00edch bod\u016f a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ukazatel\u016f na objekty, kter\u00e9 byly v\u00fdslovn\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1ny p\u0159i vol\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00e9ho kompartimentu. Pro k\u00f3d a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed objekty v kompartimentu je zaru\u010dena integrita a d\u016fv\u011brnost. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c CHERIoT (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V for Internet of Things), \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445 C \u0438 \u0421++. CHERIoT \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0421\/C++ \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438. \u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-106979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Microsoft otev\u0159el CHERIoT, hardwarov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti k\u00f3du v jazyce C | ProHoster","description":"Spole\u010dnost Microsoft zve\u0159ejnila pr\u00e1ce souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s projektem CHERIoT (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V for Internet of Things), kter\u00fd se zam\u011b\u0159uje na odstran\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m k\u00f3du napsan\u00e9m v jazyce C.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/microsoft-otkryl-cheriot-apparatnoe-reshenie-dlya-povysheniya-bezopasnosti-koda-na-yazyke-si","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Microsoft \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b CHERIoT, \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0438 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c CHERIoT (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V for Internet of Things), \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445 C.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/microsoft-otkryl-cheriot-apparatnoe-reshenie-dlya-povysheniya-bezopasnosti-koda-na-yazyke-si","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2023-03-01T10:48:41+00:00","article:modified_time":"2023-03-01T11:43:17+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":[],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106979","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106979"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106979\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106979"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106979"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"