{"id":107802,"date":"2023-04-11T12:48:10","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T10:48:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=107802"},"modified":"2023-04-12T10:36:30","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T08:36:30","slug":"reliz-freebsd-13-2-s-podderzhkoj-netlink-i-wireguard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/reliz-freebsd-13-2-s-podderzhkoj-netlink-i-wireguard","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed FreeBSD 13.2 s podporou Netlink a WireGuard.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po 11 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn releas FreeBSD 13.2. Instalace byly vytvo\u0159eny pro architektury amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 a riscv64. D\u00e1le byly p\u0159ipraveny sestaven\u00ed pro virtualiza\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) a cloudov\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine a Vagrant.    <\/p>\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 zm\u011bny:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed snapshot\u016f souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f UFS a FFS, na kter\u00fdch je povoleno \u017eurn\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed (soft updates). Tak\u00e9 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro pozad\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dump\u016f (spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dump s p\u0159\u00edznakem &#171;-L&#187;) s obsahem p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f UFS p\u0159i povolen\u00e9m \u017eurn\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed. Z mo\u017enost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nejsou dostupn\u00e9 p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eurn\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pozad\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed kontroly integrity pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje fsck.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do hlavn\u00edho j\u00e1dra byl p\u0159ijat ovlada\u010d wg s implementac\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed pro  <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"248\">VPN<\/a> WireGuard. Pro pou\u017eit\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdch kryptografick\u00fdch algoritm\u016f pro ovlada\u010d bylo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno API kryptosyst\u00e9mu j\u00e1dra FreeBSD, do kter\u00e9ho byla p\u0159id\u00e1na ob\u00e1lka umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm standardn\u00edho kryptografick\u00e9ho API algoritmy, kter\u00e9 nejsou podporov\u00e1ny ve FreeBSD, z knihovny libsodium. B\u011bhem v\u00fdvoje byla tak\u00e9 provedena optimalizace pro rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faloh \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f na CPU j\u00e1dra, co\u017e vedlo ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed re\u017eijn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f WireGuard.\n<p>Minul\u00fd pokus o zahrnut\u00ed WireGuard do FreeBSD byl u\u010din\u011bn v roce 2020, ale skon\u010dil skand\u00e1lem, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho byl ji\u017e p\u0159idan\u00fd k\u00f3d odstran\u011bn kv\u016fli n\u00edzk\u00e9 kvalit\u011b, nedbal\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci s buffery, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1stupn\u00fdch znak\u016f m\u00edsto kontrol, ne\u00fapln\u00e9 implementaci protokolu a poru\u0161en\u00ed licence GPL. Nov\u00e1 implementace byla spole\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipravena hlavn\u00edmi v\u00fdvojov\u00fdmi t\u00fdmy FreeBSD a WireGuard za \u00fa\u010dasti Jasona Donenfelda, autora VPN WireGuard, a Johna Boldwina, zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e FreeBSD. P\u0159ed p\u0159ijet\u00edm nov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du bylo s podporou organizace FreeBSD Foundation provedeno kompletn\u00ed p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla implementov\u00e1na podpora komunika\u010dn\u00edho protokolu Netlink (RFC 3549), pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho v syst\u00e9mu Linux pro organizaci interakce j\u00e1dra s procesy v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru. Projekt se omezuje na podporu rodiny operac\u00ed NETLINK_ROUTE pro spr\u00e1vu stavu s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho subsyst\u00e9mu v j\u00e1d\u0159e, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat ve FreeBSD Linuxovou utilitu ip z bal\u00ed\u010dku iproute2 pro spr\u00e1vu s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed, nastaven\u00ed <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP adress\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"865\">IP adress<\/a>, konfiguraci sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed a manipulaci s objekty nexthop, kter\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed data o stavu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9m k p\u0159enosu paketu do po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho c\u00edle.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro v\u0161echny spustiteln\u00e9 soubory z\u00e1kladn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu na 64bitov\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch je ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed povolena randomizace adresn\u00edho prostoru (ASLR, Address Space Layout Randomization). Pro selektivn\u00ed deaktivaci ASLR lze pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edkazy &#171;proccontrol -m aslr -s disable&#187; nebo &#171;elfctl -e +noaslr&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ipfw pro vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed MAC adres jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed tabulky (Radix table), co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et tabulky s MAC adresami a pou\u017e\u00edvat je k filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad:       ipfw table 1 create type mac     ipfw table 1 add 11:22:33:44:55:66\/48     ipfw add skipto tablearg src-mac &#8216;table(1)&#8217;      ipfw add deny src-mac &#8216;table(1, 100)&#8217;     ipfw add deny lookup dst-mac 1\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny a jsou k dispozici ke sta\u017een\u00ed p\u0159es loader.conf moduly j\u00e1dra dpdk_lpm4 a dpdk_lpm6 s implementac\u00ed algoritmu vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tras DIR-24-8 pro IPv4\/IPv6, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje optimalizaci sm\u011brovac\u00edch funkc\u00ed pro hostitele s velmi velk\u00fdmi tabulkami sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed (v testech bylo pozorov\u00e1no zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rychlosti o 25 %). Pro nastaven\u00ed modul\u016f lze pou\u017e\u00edt standardn\u00ed utilitu route (byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost FIB_ALGO).\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementace souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ZFS byla aktualizov\u00e1na na vyd\u00e1n\u00ed OpenZFS 2.1.9. Ve startovn\u00edm skriptu zfskeys je zaji\u0161t\u011bno automatick\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f ulo\u017een\u00fdch ve FS ZFS. Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd RC skript zpoolreguid pro p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed identifik\u00e1toru GUID jednomu nebo v\u00edce zpool (nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro virtualiza\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed se sd\u00edlen\u00fdmi daty).\n<li class=\"l\"> V hypervizoru Bhyve a modulu vmm byla implementov\u00e1na podpora p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k hostitelsk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu v\u00edce ne\u017e 15 virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch CPU (regulov\u00e1no p\u0159es sysctl hw.vmm.maxcpu). V utilit\u011b bhyve byla implementov\u00e1na emulace za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed virtio-input, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00e9ho lze p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et ud\u00e1losti vstupu z kl\u00e1vesnice a my\u0161i do hostitelsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.\n<li class=\"l\"> V KTLS, implementaci protokolu TLS, kter\u00fd pracuje na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra FreeBSD, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora hardwarov\u00e9ho zrychlen\u00ed TLS 1.3 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159evodu n\u011bkter\u00fdch operac\u00ed spojen\u00fdch se zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch paket\u016f na s\u00ed\u0165ovou kartu. D\u0159\u00edve byla takov\u00e1 mo\u017enost dostupn\u00e1 pro TLS 1.1 a TLS 1.2.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve startovac\u00edm skriptu growfs, p\u0159i roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu soubor\u016f, byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna mo\u017enost p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed swapovac\u00edho odd\u00edlu, pokud takov\u00fd odd\u00edl p\u016fvodn\u011b chyb\u011bl (nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159i instalaci hotov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho obrazu na SD kartu). Pro spr\u00e1vu velikosti swapu byl do rc.conf p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd parametr growfs_swap_size.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve startovac\u00edm skriptu hostid byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna generace n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho UUID v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee chyb\u00ed soubor \/etc\/hostid a nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat UUID od hardwaru. Tak\u00e9 byl p\u0159id\u00e1n soubor \/etc\/machine-id s kompaktn\u00edm zobrazen\u00edm identifik\u00e1toru hostitele (bez poml\u010dek).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do rc.conf byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny prom\u011bnn\u00e9 defaultrouter_fibN a ipv6_defaultrouter_fibN, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kter\u00fdch lze p\u0159idat v\u00fdchoz\u00ed trasy do FIB tabulek, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed od prim\u00e1rn\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do knihovny libmd byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora hash\u016f SHA-512\/224.\n<li class=\"l\"> V knihovn\u011b pthread byla implementov\u00e1na podpora semantiky funkc\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v Linuxu.\n<li class=\"l\"> V kdump byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed Linuxu. V kdump a sysdecode byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora sledov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed ve stylu Linuxu.\n<li class=\"l\"> V n\u00e1stroji killall se objevila mo\u017enost odeslat sign\u00e1l proces\u016fm p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00fdm k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu termin\u00e1lu (nap\u0159\u00edklad &#171;killall -t pts\/1&#187;).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na utilita nproc pro zobrazen\u00ed po\u010dtu dostupn\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch jednotek aktu\u00e1ln\u00edmu procesu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do utility pciconf byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed parametr\u016f ACS (Access Control Services).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do j\u00e1dra byla p\u0159id\u00e1na nastaven\u00ed SPLIT_KERNEL_DEBUG, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje ukl\u00e1dat ladic\u00ed informace pro j\u00e1dro a moduly j\u00e1dra do samostatn\u00fdch soubor\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ABI linux byla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dokon\u010dena implementace podpory mechanismu vDSO (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed dynamick\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00e9 objekty), kter\u00fd poskytuje omezenou sadu syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru bez p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kontextu. ABI linux na syst\u00e9mech ARM64 byl p\u0159iveden do paritn\u00edho stavu s implementac\u00ed pro architekturu AMD64.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla vylep\u0161ena podpora hardwaru. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora sledov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu (hwpmc) pro procesory Intel Alder Lake. Ovlada\u010d iwlwifi pro bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 karty Intel byl aktualizov\u00e1n tak, aby podporoval nov\u00e9 \u010dipy a standard 802.11ac. Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n ovlada\u010d rtw88 pro bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 karty Realtek s rozhran\u00edm PCI. Mo\u017enosti vrstvy linuxkpi byly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny pro pou\u017eit\u00ed s ovlada\u010di Linux ve FreeBSD.\n<li class=\"l\"> Knihovna OpenSSL byla aktualizov\u00e1na na verzi 1.1.1t, LLVM\/Clang na verzi 14.0.5 a SSH server a klient byly aktualizov\u00e1ny na OpenSSH 9.2p1 (v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed verzi byl pou\u017eit OpenSSH 8.8p1). Tak\u00e9 byly aktualizov\u00e1ny verze bc 6.2.4, expat 2.5.0, file 5.43, less 608, libarchive 3.6.2, sendmail 8.17.1, sqlite 3.40.1, unbound 1.17.1, zlib 1.2.13.    <\/ul>\n<p>Bylo nav\u00edc ozn\u00e1meno p\u0159eveden\u00ed do kategorie zastaral\u00fdch a odstran\u011bn\u00ed od v\u011btve FreeBSD 14.0 jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch hesel OPIE, ovlada\u010d\u016f ce a cp, ovlada\u010d\u016f pro karty s rozhran\u00edm ISA, utilit mergemaster a minigzip, komponent ATM v netgraph (NgATM), b\u011bhov\u00e9ho procesu telnetd a t\u0159\u00eddy VINUM v geom.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=58946\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 11 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 FreeBSD 13.2. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 \u0438 riscv64. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine \u0438 Vagrant. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c UFS \u0438 FFS, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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