{"id":108413,"date":"2023-05-08T12:48:42","date_gmt":"2023-05-08T10:48:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=108413"},"modified":"2023-05-08T16:10:08","modified_gmt":"2023-05-08T14:10:08","slug":"sozdatel-llvm-razvivaet-novyj-yazyk-programmirovaniya-mojo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/sozdatel-llvm-razvivaet-novyj-yazyk-programmirovaniya-mojo","title":{"rendered":"Zakladatel LLVM vyv\u00edj\u00ed nov\u00fd programovac\u00ed jazyk Mojo","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Chris Lattner, zakladatel a hlavn\u00ed architekt LLVM a tak\u00e9 tv\u016frce programovac\u00edho jazyka Swift, a Tim Davis, b\u00fdval\u00fd vedouc\u00ed AI projekt\u016f Google, jako je TensorFlow a JAX, p\u0159edstavili nov\u00fd programovac\u00ed jazyk Mojo, kter\u00fd kombinuje snadnost pou\u017eit\u00ed pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a rychl\u00e9 prototypov\u00e1n\u00ed s vhodnost\u00ed pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch kone\u010dn\u00fdch produkt\u016f. Toho je dosa\u017eeno d\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 syntaxe jazyka Python, a tak\u00e9 d\u00edky mo\u017enosti kompilace do strojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, mechanism\u016fm bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy pam\u011bti a zapojen\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f pro hardwarov\u00e9 zrychlen\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f. <\/p>\n

Projekt se zam\u011b\u0159uje na vyu\u017eit\u00ed pro v\u00fdvoj v oblasti strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 se prezentuje jako jazyk obecn\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed, kter\u00fd roz\u0161i\u0159uje mo\u017enosti jazyka Python syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm programov\u00e1n\u00edm a je vhodn\u00fd pro \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum \u00fakol\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad je jazyk aplikovateln\u00fd v oblastech jako vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a transformace dat. Zaj\u00edmavou vlastnost\u00ed Mojo je mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edt emoji symbol «🔥» jako p\u0159\u00edponu pro soubory s k\u00f3dem (nap\u0159\u00edklad «helloworld.🔥»), krom\u011b textov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpony «.mojo». <\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se jazyk nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve f\u00e1zi intenzivn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje a pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed je k dispozici pouze online rozhran\u00ed. Odd\u011blen\u00e9 verze pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na lok\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9mech by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vyd\u00e1ny pozd\u011bji, po obdr\u017een\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed interaktivn\u00edho webov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Zdrojov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy kompil\u00e1toru, JIT a dal\u0161\u00edch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch projekt\u016f pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed otev\u0159\u00edt po dokon\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu vnit\u0159n\u00ed architektury (model v\u00fdvoje pracovn\u00edho prototypu za zav\u0159en\u00fdmi dve\u0159mi p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje LLVM, Clang a Swift). Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee syntaxe Mojo je zalo\u017eena na jazyce Python a syst\u00e9my typ\u016f jsou bl\u00edzk\u00e9 C\/C++, v budoucnu se pl\u00e1nuje vyvinout n\u00e1stroje pro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159evodu existuj\u00edc\u00edch projekt\u016f napsan\u00fdch v C\/C++ a Python do Mojo, stejn\u011b jako pro v\u00fdvoj hybridn\u00edch projekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 kombinuj\u00ed k\u00f3d v Pythonu a Mojo. <\/p>\n

Projekt je zam\u011b\u0159en na vyu\u017eit\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch zdroj\u016f existuj\u00edc\u00edch v heterogenn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed aplikac\u00ed v jazyce Mojo a paralelizaci v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f mohou b\u00fdt zapojeny GPU, specializovan\u00e9 akceler\u00e1tory pro strojov\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed a instrukce vektorov\u00e9ho procesoru (SIMD). D\u016fvodem pro rozvoj specifick\u00e9ho podmno\u017estv\u00ed jazyka Python, nam\u00edsto optimalizace st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho CPythonu, je zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na kompilaci, integraci mo\u017enost\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho programov\u00e1n\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed fundamentally odli\u0161n\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed architektury, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e1d\u011bt k\u00f3d na GPU a r\u016fzn\u00fdch hardwarov\u00fdch akceler\u00e1torech. P\u0159itom se v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i Mojo sna\u017e\u00ed co nejv\u00edce dodr\u017eovat kompatibilitu s CPythonem. <\/p>\n

Mojo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jak v re\u017eimu interpretace s pou\u017eit\u00edm JIT, tak pro kompilaci do spustiteln\u00fdch soubor\u016f (AOT, ahead-of-time). Kompil\u00e1tor obsahuje modern\u00ed technologie automatick\u00e9 optimalizace, caching a distribuovan\u00e9 kompilace. Zdrojov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy v jazyce Mojo jsou p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159eny do n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9ho mezik\u00f3du MLIR (Multi-Level Intermediate Representation), vyv\u00edjen\u00e9ho projektem LLVM, kter\u00fd poskytuje dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti pro optimalizaci zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed grafu tok\u016f dat. Kompil\u00e1tor umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat r\u016fzn\u00e9 backendy pro generaci strojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed MLIR. <\/p>\n

Vyu\u017eit\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch hardwarov\u00fdch mechanism\u016f pro zrychlen\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uje dos\u00e1hnout v\u00fdkonu, kter\u00fd p\u0159i intenzivn\u00edch v\u00fdpo\u010dtech p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 aplikace na C\/C++. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikace pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed mno\u017einy Mandelbrot, se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee aplikace skompilovan\u00e1 v jazyce Mojo p\u0159i b\u011bhu v cloudu AWS (r7iz.metal-16xl) byla 6kr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e implementace v C++ (0.03 sek. proti 0.20 sek.), a tak\u00e9 35 tis\u00edckr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e aplikace v Pythonu pomoc\u00ed standardn\u00edho CPython 3.10.9 (0.03 sek. proti 1027 sek.) a 1500kr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed PYPY (0.03 sek. proti 46.1 sek.). <\/p>\n

P\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu v oblasti \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00faloh strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed se AI stack Modular Inference Engine, napsan\u00fd v jazyce Mojo, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm postaven\u00fdm na knihovn\u011b TensorFlow uk\u00e1zal na syst\u00e9mu s procesorem Intel jako t\u0159ikr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jazykov\u00e9ho modelu, \u0161est a p\u016flkr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed modelu doporu\u010den\u00ed a dvakr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s modely pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed procesor\u016f AMD byl p\u0159\u00ednos p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed Mojo 3,2, 5 a 2,2kr\u00e1t, a p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed procesor\u016f ARM \u2014 5,3, 7,5 a 1,7kr\u00e1t, v po\u0159ad\u00ed. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na PyTorch zaostalo za Mojem v pom\u011brech 1,4, 1,1 a 1,5kr\u00e1t na CPU Intel, 2,1, 1,2 a 1,5kr\u00e1t na CPU AMD a 4, 4,3 a 1,3kr\u00e1t na CPU ARM.

\"Zakladatel<\/center> <\/p>\n

Jazyk podporuje statickou typizaci a prost\u0159edky pro bezpe\u010dnou n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ovou pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017enosti jazyka Rust, jako je sledov\u00e1n\u00ed doby \u017eivota odkaz\u016f a kontrola p\u016fj\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00fdch (borrow checker). Krom\u011b prost\u0159edk\u016f pro bezpe\u010dnou pr\u00e1ci s ukazateli nab\u00edz\u00ed jazyk i mo\u017enosti pro n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ovou pr\u00e1ci, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k pam\u011bti v re\u017eimu unsafe pomoc\u00ed typu Pointer, vol\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch SIMD p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f nebo p\u0159\u00edstup k hardwarov\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm, jako jsou TensorCores a AMX.

\"Zakladatel<\/center> <\/p>\n

Pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed klasick\u00e9ho a optimalizovan\u00e9ho k\u00f3du Pythonu pro funkce se explicitn\u00edm ur\u010den\u00edm typ\u016f pro v\u0161echny prom\u011bnn\u00e9 bylo navr\u017eeno pou\u017e\u00edt samostatn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 slovo «fn» m\u00edsto «def». Analogicky pro t\u0159\u00eddy, pokud je pot\u0159eba statick\u00e1 sb\u00edrka dat v pam\u011bti b\u011bhem kompilace (jak v C), m\u00edsto «class» lze pou\u017e\u00edt typ «struct». Tak\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00fd jednoduch\u00fd import modul\u016f v jazyc\u00edch C\/C++, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro import funkce cos z knihovny math lze uv\u00e9st «from «math.h» import cos».
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u041b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440 (Chris Lattner), \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 LLVM, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Swift, \u0438 \u0422\u0438\u043c \u0414\u044d\u0432\u0438\u0441 (Tim Davis), \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c AI-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 Google, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a Tensorflow \u0438 JAX, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Mojo, \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":108414,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-108413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Tv\u016frce LLVM vyv\u00edj\u00ed nov\u00fd programovac\u00ed jazyk Mojo | ProHoster","description":"Chris Lattner, zakladatel a hlavn\u00ed architekt LLVM, a tak\u00e9 tv\u016frce programovac\u00edho jazyka Swift, a Tim Davis, b\u00fdval\u00fd vedouc\u00ed AI projekt\u016f Google, jako jsou Tensorflow a JAX.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/sozdatel-llvm-razvivaet-novyj-yazyk-programmirovaniya-mojo","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c LLVM \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Mojo | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u041b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440 (Chris Lattner), \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 LLVM, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Swift, \u0438 \u0422\u0438\u043c \u0414\u044d\u0432\u0438\u0441 (Tim Davis), \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c AI-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 Google, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a Tensorflow \u0438 JAX.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/sozdatel-llvm-razvivaet-novyj-yazyk-programmirovaniya-mojo","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2023-05-08T10:48:43+00:00","article:modified_time":"2023-05-08T14:10:08+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":[],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=108413"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108413\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/108414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=108413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=108413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=108413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}