{"id":113322,"date":"2024-02-01T13:41:10","date_gmt":"2024-02-01T11:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-sistemnoj-biblioteki-glibc-2-39-i-nabora-utilit-gnu-binutils-2-42"},"modified":"2024-02-01T13:41:10","modified_gmt":"2024-02-01T11:41:10","slug":"vypusk-sistemnoj-biblioteki-glibc-2-39-i-nabora-utilit-gnu-binutils-2-42","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-sistemnoj-biblioteki-glibc-2-39-i-nabora-utilit-gnu-binutils-2-42","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 knihovny Glibc 2.39 a sady n\u00e1stroj\u016f GNU Binutils 2.42","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje byl publikov\u00e1n vyd\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 knihovny GNU C Library (glibc) 2.39, kter\u00e1 pln\u011b vyhovuje po\u017eadavk\u016fm standard\u016f ISO C11 a POSIX.1-2017. Nov\u00e1 verze obsahuje opravy od 67 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f.     <\/p>\n<p>Mezi vylep\u0161en\u00edmi implementovan\u00fdmi v Glibc 2.39 lze zm\u00ednit:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna podpora shadow stacku, kter\u00fd se objevil v j\u00e1d\u0159e Linux 6.6 a umo\u017e\u0148uje blokovat \u010dinnost mnoha exploit\u016f pomoc\u00ed hardwarov\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed procesor\u016f Intel pro ochranu p\u0159ed p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1vratov\u00e9 adresy z funkce v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed bufferu ve stacku. Podstata ochrany spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee po p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed funkci jsou n\u00e1vratov\u00e9 adresy ukl\u00e1d\u00e1ny procesorem nejen do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho stacku, ale tak\u00e9 do samostatn\u00e9ho \"tenk\u00e9ho\" stacku, kter\u00fd nelze p\u0159\u00edmo m\u011bnit. P\u0159ed opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm funkce je n\u00e1vratov\u00e1 adresa vyta\u017eena z tenk\u00e9ho stacku a porovn\u00e1v\u00e1na s n\u00e1vratovou adresou z hlavn\u00edho stacku. Nesoulad adres vyvol\u00e1 v\u00fdjimku, kter\u00e1 blokuje situace, kdy se exploitovi poda\u0159ilo p\u0159epsat adresu v hlavn\u00edm stacku. Pro zapnut\u00ed byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost kompilace \"--enable-cet\".\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd hlavi\u010dkov\u00fd soubor , definovan\u00fd v n\u00e1vrhu standardu ISO C2X a zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed funkce stdc_leading_zeros, stdc_leading_ones, stdc_trailing_zeros, stdc_trailing_ones, stdc_first_leading_zero, stdc_first_leading_one, stdc_first_trailing_zero, stdc_first_trailing_one, stdc_count_zeros, stdc_count_ones, stdc_has_single_bit, stdc_bit_width, stdc_bit_floor a stdc_bit_ceil v variant\u00e1ch s typy \"unsigned char\", \"unsigned short\", \"unsigned int\", \"unsigned long int\" a \"unsigned long long int\".\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro platformu Linux byly implementov\u00e1ny funkce posix_spawnattr_getcgroup_np a posix_spawnattr_setcgroup_np, stejn\u011b jako p\u0159\u00edznak POSIX_SPAWN_SETCGROUP, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed nastavit cgroupv2 v nov\u00e9m procesu pomoc\u00ed funkc\u00ed posix_spawn a posix_spawnp, a to bez vzniku stavu z\u00e1vodu. Funkce jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edmi GNU a pro jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00ed j\u00e1dro Linux s podporou syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed clone3.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro platformu Linux byly implementov\u00e1ny funkce pidfd_spawn a pidfd_spawp, kter\u00e9 jsou podobn\u00e9 funkc\u00edm posix_spawn, ale vracej\u00ed nikoli identifik\u00e1tor procesu (PID), ale souborov\u00fd deskriptor pro pou\u017eit\u00ed ve funkc\u00edch podporuj\u00edc\u00edch mechanismus PIDFD, jako je pidfd_send_signal, poll a waitid (PIDFD je sv\u00e1z\u00e1n s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm procesem a nem\u011bn\u00ed se, zat\u00edmco PID m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159id\u011blen jin\u00e9mu procesu po ukon\u010den\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho procesu, asociovan\u00e9ho s t\u00edmto PID).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro platformu Linux byla p\u0159id\u00e1na funkce pidfd_getpid pro ur\u010den\u00ed identifik\u00e1toru procesu (PID) na z\u00e1klad\u011b deskriptoru souboru procesu (PIDFD), kter\u00fd vrac\u00ed funkce pid_spawn, fork_np a pidfd_open.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do funkce rodiny scanf byl p\u0159id\u00e1n modifik\u00e1tor velikosti \"wN\", pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pro argumenty s typy intN_t, int_leastN_t, uintN_t a uint_leastN_t. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro \u010dten\u00ed des\u00edtkov\u00fdch hodnot s typy int32_t a int_least32_t lze uv\u00e9st \"%w32d\", a pro hexadecim\u00e1ln\u00ed \"%w32x\". Podobn\u011b byl p\u0159id\u00e1n modifik\u00e1tor \"wfN\" pro typy int_fastN_t a uint_fastN_t, kter\u00e9 jsou uvedeny v n\u00e1vrhu standardu ISO C2X.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na nastaven\u00ed \"glibc.cpu.plt_rewrite\", kter\u00e1 zahrnuje p\u0159epis PLT (Procedure Linkage Table) na syst\u00e9mech x86-64, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e linker nahrad\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 skoky (indirect branch) v PLT p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na nastaven\u00ed \"glibc.mem.decorate_maps\" pro p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00fdch informac\u00ed o alokaci pam\u011bti (nap\u0159\u00edklad o z\u00e1sobn\u00edku vl\u00e1ken, vytvo\u0159en\u00e9m funkc\u00ed pthread_create, nebo pam\u011bti alokovan\u00e9 p\u0159es malloc).\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve struktu\u0159e \"statvfs\" bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno vypln\u011bn\u00ed pole \"f_type\" informacemi o typu FS, ekvivalentn\u00edmi obsahu pole ve struktu\u0159e \"statfs\". D\u0159\u00edve bylo v Linuxu do pole \"f_type\" v\u017edy zapisov\u00e1no 0.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro platformu AArch64 byly do libmvec a math.h p\u0159id\u00e1ny anotace, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159i zad\u00e1n\u00ed volby p\u0159i sestaven\u00ed \"-ffast-math\" pou\u017e\u00edvat vektoriza\u010dn\u00ed vol\u00e1n\u00ed ve verzi GCC 9 a nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch. Vektorization se zap\u00edn\u00e1 pro matematick\u00e9 funkce acos, acosf, asin, asinf, atan, atanf, atan2, atan2f, cos, cosf, exp, expf, exp10, exp10f, exp2, exp2f, expm1, expm1f, log, logf, log10, log10f, log1p, log1pf, log2, log2f, sin, sinf, tan a tanf.\n<li class=\"l\"> Z bal\u00ed\u010dku byla odstran\u011bna knihovna libcrypt a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed hlavi\u010dkov\u00fd soubor \"\". V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm aplikac\u00ed se doporu\u010duje p\u0159ej\u00edt na alternativn\u00ed knihovny, jako je libxcrypt.\n<li class=\"l\"> V n\u00e1stroji ldconfig se nyn\u00ed ignoruj\u00ed soubory s znakem ';' v n\u00e1zvu souboru nebo kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na \".dpkg.tmp\" a \".dpkg.new\", co\u017e br\u00e1n\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed do\u010dasn\u00fdch soubor\u016f bal\u00ed\u010dkov\u00fdch mana\u017eer\u016f rpm a dpkg.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla ukon\u010dena podpora architektury ia64 (ia64*-*-linux-gnu), kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v procesorech Intel Itanium.\n<li class=\"l\"> Opraveny zranitelnosti:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2023-6246, CVE-2023-6779, CVE-2023-6780 \u2013 kritick\u00e9 zranitelnosti ve funkci __vsyslog_internal(), umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed manipulacemi p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed SUID aplikac\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout vykon\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edho k\u00f3du s zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdmi privilegii.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2023-4911 \u2013 zranitelnost v Glibc ld.so, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edskat root pr\u00e1va v syst\u00e9mu. Zranitelnost je zp\u016fsobena chybou v k\u00f3du pro parsov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce zadan\u00e9ho v prom\u011bnn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed GLIBC_TUNABLES a m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k z\u00e1pisu rozparsovan\u00e9 hodnoty mimo p\u0159id\u011blen\u00fd buffer. Existuj\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed exploit.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2023-4806 \u2013 zranitelnost ve funkci getaddrinfo, zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstupem k pam\u011bti po jej\u00edm uvoln\u011bn\u00ed (use-after-free). Probl\u00e9m se projevuje, kdy\u017e NSS plugin realizuje pouze vol\u00e1n\u00ed \"_gethostbyname2_r\" a \"_getcanonname_r\", ale nepodporuje vol\u00e1n\u00ed \"_gethostbyname3_r\". Pro exploitaci zranitelnosti mus\u00ed DNS server vr\u00e1tit pro po\u017eadovan\u00fd hostitel velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed adres IPv6 a IPv4, co\u017e povede k p\u00e1du procesu, kter\u00fd volal funkci getaddrinfo pro rodinu AF_INET6 p\u0159i nastaven\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f AI_CANONNAME, AI_ALL a AI_V4MAPPED.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2023-4527 \u2013 zranitelnost ve funkci getaddrinfo, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje \u010d\u00edst data z oblasti za hranic\u00ed bufferu p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed DNS odpov\u011bdi p\u0159ijat\u00e9 po TCP, o velikosti v\u00edce ne\u017e 2048 bajt\u016f. Zranitelnost se projevuje p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed volby \"no-aaaa\" v \/etc\/resolv.conf.   <\/ul>\n<p>D\u00e1le lze zm\u00ednit vyd\u00e1n\u00ed sady syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch utilit GNU Binutils 2.42, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje programy jako GNU linker, GNU assembler, nm, objdump, strings, strip.     <\/p>\n<p>V nov\u00e9 verzi Binutils:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do assembleru (gas) pro syst\u00e9my x86-64 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enost \"--scfi=experimental\" pro synt\u00e9zu konstrukc\u00ed CFI (Control Flow Integrity) pro ru\u010dn\u011b psan\u00fd assemblerov\u00fd k\u00f3d, odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed System V AMD64 ABI.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do programu readelf byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost &#171;&#8212;extra-sym-info&#187; pro zobrazen\u00ed podrobn\u00fdch informac\u00ed o symbolech (&#171;&#8212;symbols&#187;), jako je n\u00e1zev sekce, na kterou odkazuje index st_shndx.\n<li class=\"l\"> V n\u00e1stroji objcopy byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost &#171;&#8212;set-section-flags&#187; s hodnotou &#171;large&#187; pro nastaven\u00ed sekce vlajky SHF_X86_64_LARGE pro ELF objekty na syst\u00e9mech x86-64. V mo\u017enosti &#171;&#8212;visualize-jumps&#187; byla implementov\u00e1na podpora architektury s390.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159i disasemblaci instrukc\u00ed s390 bylo implementov\u00e1no zobrazen\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f k popisu instrukc\u00ed. Pro zahrnut\u00ed popis\u016f do objdump lze uv\u00e9st parametr &#171;-M insndesc&#187;, a v gdb &#8212; nastaven\u00ed &#171;set disassembler-options insndesc&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do linkeru byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny mo\u017enosti &#171;-z mark-plt&#187; a &#171;-z nomark-plt&#187; pro ozna\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1znam\u016f v tabulce PLT, pomoc\u00ed zna\u010dek DT_X86_64_PLT, DT_X86_64_PLTSZ a DT_X86_64_PLTENT.\n<li class=\"l\"> V linkeru byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro \u0159azen\u00ed v opa\u010dn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny mo\u017enosti &#171;&#8212;warn-execstack-objects&#187;, &#171;&#8212;error-execstack&#187; a &#171;&#8212;error-rxw-segments&#187; pro zobrazen\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo chyb p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed v objektech vykonateln\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edku.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla implementov\u00e1na podpora ABI 2.30 architektury LoongArch a tak\u00e9 podpora nov\u00fdch instrukc\u00ed definovan\u00fdch ve specifikaci LoongArch 1.10.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora instrukt\u00e1\u017en\u00edho souboru KVX, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho v procesorech Kalray (nap\u0159\u00edklad se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v SoC Coolidge).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na architektu\u0159e Intel byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed:\n<ul>\n<li> Intel APX: 32 GPRs, NDD, PUSH2\/POP2, PUSHP\/POPP.\n<li> USER_MSR.\n<li> AVX10.1.\n<li> PBNDKB.\n<li> SM4.\n<li> SM3.\n<li> SHA512.\n<li> AVX-VNNI-INT16.  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do portu pro architekturu RISC-V byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed:\n<ul>\n<li> T-Head (XTheadVector, XTheadZvlsseg a XTheadZvamo).\n<li> CORE-V (XCVmac, XCValu).\n<li>  SiFive VCIX (XSfVcp).  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do portu pro architekturu AArch64 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed:\n<ul>\n<li> SVE2.1 (Scalable Vector Extension 2.1).\n<li> SME2.1 (Scalable Matrix Extension 2.1).\n<li> B16B16 (BFloat16 a BFloat16 pro SVE2 a SME2).\n<li> RASv2 (spolehlivost, dostupnost a servisovatelnost v2).\n<li> LSE128 (128bitov\u00e9 atomick\u00e9).\n<li> GCS (chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed z\u00e1sobn\u00edk).\n<li> CHK (kontroln\u00ed stav funkce).\n<li> SPECRES2 (vylep\u0161en\u00e9 omezen\u00ed spekulace).\n<li> LRCPC3 (Load-Acquire RCpc).\n<li> THE (tvrd\u00e1 p\u0159eklad).\n<li> ITE (sledov\u00e1n\u00ed instrukc\u00ed).\n<li> D128 (128bitov\u00e9 popisy tabulek pam\u011bti).\n<li> XS (atribut pam\u011bti XS).  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora procesor\u016f AArch64 Cortex-A520, Cortex-A720, Cortex-X3 a Cortex-X4.\n<li class=\"l\"> V assembleru BPF byla pro kompatibilitu s assemblerem clang\/LLVM p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora odd\u011bl\u011bn\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f znaky &#171;#&#187; a &#171;\/\/&#187;, stejn\u011b jako pou\u017eit\u00ed znaku &#171;;&#187; pro odd\u011blen\u00ed v\u00fdraz\u016f v \u0159\u00e1dku (&#171;;&#187; ji\u017e nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eito pro koment\u00e1\u0159e).        <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60534\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 GNU C Library (glibc) 2.39, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 ISO C11 \u0438 POSIX.1-2017. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 67 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0418\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 Glibc 2.39 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c: \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 (shadow stack), \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux 6.6 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-113322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 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