{"id":114248,"date":"2024-03-11T12:25:44","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T10:25:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-8"},"modified":"2024-03-11T12:25:44","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T10:25:44","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-8","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 6.8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje Linus Torvalds p\u0159edstavil vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 6.8. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zm\u011bnami jsou: ovlada\u010d Xe pro GPU Intel, re\u017eim ochrany blokov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s p\u0159ipojen\u00fdmi FS, mechanismus pl\u00e1nova\u010de \u00faloh Deadline server, automatick\u00e1 optimalizace slou\u010den\u00ed identick\u00fdch str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti, prvn\u00ed ovlada\u010d napsan\u00fd v jazyce Rust, syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed listmount a statmount, odstran\u011bn\u00ed bpfilter a SLAB, mechanismus guest_memfd v KVM, profilov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k dat\u016fm.        <\/p>\n<p>Nov\u00e1 verze obsahuje 15641 oprav od 2018 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, velikost patche je 44 MB (zm\u011bny se dotkly 12212 soubor\u016f, p\u0159id\u00e1no 663864 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du, odstran\u011bno 339094 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f). V minul\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed bylo 18405 oprav od 2066 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, velikost patche byla 72 MB. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 42 % v\u0161ech zm\u011bn uveden\u00fdch ve verzi 6.8 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ovlada\u010d\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 % zm\u011bn se vztahuje na aktualizaci k\u00f3du specifick\u00e9ho pro hardwarov\u00e9 architektury, 14 % souvis\u00ed se s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdm z\u00e1sobn\u00edkem, 6 % s souborov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my a 3 % s intern\u00edmi pod-syst\u00e9my j\u00e1dra.    <\/p>\n<p>V Git repozit\u00e1\u0159i s j\u00e1drem 6.8 je 9,996 milionu objekt\u016f, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed j\u00e1dro 6.9 p\u0159ekon\u00e1 symbolick\u00fd miln\u00edk 10 milion\u016f git objekt\u016f. D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159echody verz\u00ed 3.x a 4.x dob\u0159e korelovaly s po\u010dtem git objekt\u016f v repozit\u00e1\u0159i - j\u00e1dro 3.0 bylo vyd\u00e1no, kdy\u017e v repozit\u00e1\u0159i bylo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 miliony objekt\u016f, a j\u00e1dro 4.0 - 4 miliony objekt\u016f. V roce 2019 v\u0161ak vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 5.0 tuto logickou posloupnost p\u0159eru\u0161ilo, proto\u017ee p\u0159i jeho vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed obsahoval repozit\u00e1\u0159 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6.5 milionu git objekt\u016f.             <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed novinky v j\u00e1dru 6.8:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, vstup\/v\u00fdstup a souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n re\u017eim blokov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu na blokov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch jsou p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my (po aktivaci re\u017eimu nebude m\u00edt u\u017eivatel root mo\u017enost prov\u00e1d\u011bt zm\u011bny ve FS manipulac\u00ed na \u00farovni blokov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed). Ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed je re\u017eim vypnut\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje specifikaci parametru BLK_DEV_WRITE_MOUNTED p\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro odd\u00edly s Btrfs blok\u00e1da zat\u00edm nefunguje, proto\u017ee do k\u00f3du Btrfs je\u0161t\u011b nebyly p\u0159ijaty pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zm\u011bny.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed listmount() a statmount(), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru z\u00edskat podrobn\u00e9 informace o p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech.\n<li class=\"l\"> V souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu XFS bylo pokra\u010dov\u00e1no v pr\u00e1ci na implementaci mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1stroje fsck pro kontrolu a opravu zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f v online re\u017eimu, bez pot\u0159eby odpojen\u00ed souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.\n<li class=\"l\"> V Ext4 byl pro bloky men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e velikost pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky zaveden hovor dioread_nolock, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon t\u00edm, \u017ee se eliminuje zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 zamyk\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 funkce byly p\u0159evedeny na pou\u017eit\u00ed str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (page folios).\n<li class=\"l\">  Do Btrfs byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora p\u0159\u00edznaku p\u0159ipojen\u00ed \u201enospace_cache\u201c, kter\u00fd deaktivuje mezipam\u011b\u0165 voln\u00fdch blok\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 funkce byly p\u0159evedeny na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (page folios).\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve filesyst\u00e9mu EROFS (Extendable Read-Only File System), ur\u010den\u00e9m pro \u010d\u00e1sti, kter\u00e9 jsou dostupn\u00e9 pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro kompresi substr\u00e1nek a zlep\u0161ena funk\u010dnost v situac\u00edch nedostatku pam\u011bti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve filesyst\u00e9mu F2FS byla zlep\u0161ena podpora z\u00f3novan\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (rozd\u011blen\u00ed do z\u00f3n skupin blok\u016f nebo sektor\u016f, do kter\u00fdch je povoleno pouze sekven\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat s aktualizac\u00ed cel\u00e9 skupiny blok\u016f).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro FS SMB byla zavedena mo\u017enost vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed blokov\u00fdch a symbolick\u00fdch soubor\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> V Bcachefs byla p\u0159id\u00e1na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 podpora pro kontrolu a obnovu integrity p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch FS.\n<li class=\"l\"> V subsyst\u00e9mu device-mapper byla ukon\u010dena podpora pro zpracovatele MD_LINEAR, MD_MULTIPATH a MD_FAULTY, kter\u00e9 byly vyhl\u00e1\u0161eny za zastaral\u00e9 v roce 2021.                                        <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u011b\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu Zswap byla p\u0159id\u00e1na funkce, kterou je mo\u017en\u00e9 aktivovat p\u0159i nedostatku opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje nucen\u00e9 vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed do skute\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti swapu \u201estuden\u00fdch\u201c str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti, k nim\u017e nedo\u0161lo k p\u0159\u00edstupu a kter\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u016fstanou nevyu\u017eity. Zswap prov\u00e1d\u00ed mezipam\u011b\u0165 vy\u0159azen\u00fdch str\u00e1nek do swapu, uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 je v opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti ve zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b, pokud mo\u017eno bez ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed do skute\u010dn\u00e9 nezhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti swapu na disku. Zm\u011bny proveden\u00e9 p\u0159i nedostatku pam\u011bti umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zmen\u0161it velikost \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b v RAM poolu Zswap a uvolnit pam\u011b\u0165 syst\u00e9mu.\n<li class=\"l\"> V Zswap byl navr\u017een nov\u00fd re\u017eim, kter\u00fd zcela deaktivuje odlo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy (writeback) do skute\u010dn\u00e9 swapovac\u00ed oblasti, pokud byla pokus o z\u00e1pis ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1, a nevyhazuje ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed str\u00e1nky v poolu zswap do swapu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do pl\u00e1nova\u010de \u00faloh byl p\u0159id\u00e1n mechanismus SCHED_DEADLINE server, kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m se ztr\u00e1tou prost\u0159edk\u016f CPU b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi \u00falohami v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch monopolizace CPU \u00falohami s vysokou prioritou (realtime). K zamezen\u00ed monopolizace CPU se v j\u00e1d\u0159e d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017e\u00edval mechanismus Realtime throttling, kter\u00fd se sna\u017eil rezervovat 5 % pro \u00falohy s n\u00edzkou prioritou a ponechat 95 % \u010dasu \u00faloh\u00e1m realtime. Tento mechanismus v\u0161ak zanech\u00e1val mnoho p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u00falohy v mnoha situac\u00edch nedost\u00e1valy dostatek procesorov\u00e9ho \u010dasu. SCHED_DEADLINE server implementuje efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mechanismus rezervace prost\u0159edk\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu DAMON (Data Access MONitor), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje sledovat p\u0159\u00edstup procesu k dat\u016fm v opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti (nap\u0159\u00edklad je mo\u017en\u00e9 zjistit, ke kter\u00fdm oblastem pam\u011bti se proces dostal, a kter\u00e9 oblasti pam\u011bti z\u016fstaly nevyu\u017eit\u00e9), byl p\u0159id\u00e1n mechanismus automatick\u00e9ho nastaven\u00ed agresivity spot\u0159eby pam\u011bti na z\u00e1klad\u011b stanoven\u00fdch kv\u00f3t.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora v\u00edcerozm\u011brn\u00fdch velk\u00fdch str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (mTHP - multi-size Transparent Huge Pages), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159id\u011blovat pam\u011b\u0165 v bloc\u00edch, jejich\u017e velikost je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed str\u00e1nka, ale men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed THP str\u00e1nka.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora velk\u00fdch foliant\u016f (page folios, slou\u010den\u00e9 str\u00e1nky pam\u011bti) pro anonymn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 (nep\u0159ipoutanou k FS, nap\u0159\u00edklad alokovanou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm malloc). Tato zm\u011bna m\u00e1 za c\u00edl zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon d\u00edky alokaci v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch kus\u016f pam\u011bti p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstupu k nealokovan\u00fdm str\u00e1nk\u00e1m pam\u011bti (page faults). Nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00ed velk\u00fdch foliant\u016f umo\u017enilo zkr\u00e1tit \u010das p\u0159ebudov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra o 5 % (p\u0159i zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dasu str\u00e1ven\u00e9ho na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra o 40 %).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do konfigura\u010dn\u00edho souboru j\u00e1dra byl p\u0159id\u00e1n parametr TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_NEVER, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zak\u00e1zat pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (Transparent Huge Pages).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed userfaultfd(), kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et obslu\u017en\u00e9 rutiny pro p\u0159\u00edstupy k nealokovan\u00fdm str\u00e1nk\u00e1m pam\u011bti (page faults) ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m prostoru, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na operace UFFDIO_MOVE, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159i balen\u00ed hromady (heap compaction) p\u0159esouvat str\u00e1nky pam\u011bti ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm adresn\u00edm prostoru bez prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operace alokace str\u00e1nky pam\u011bti. V proveden\u00fdch testech pou\u017eit\u00ed UFFDIO_MOVE umo\u017enilo sn\u00ed\u017eit \u010das balen\u00ed o 40 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pou\u017eit\u00edm operace UFFDIO_COPY.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n mechanismus \u201eKSM advisor\u201c, kter\u00fd automaticky optimalizuje parametry subsyst\u00e9mu slou\u010den\u00ed identick\u00fdch str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (KSM - Kernel Samepage Merging).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010doval p\u0159enos zm\u011bn z v\u011btve Rust-for-Linux, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jazyka Rust jako druh\u00e9ho jazyka pro v\u00fdvoj ovlada\u010d\u016f a modul\u016f j\u00e1dra (podpora Rustu nen\u00ed ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed aktivn\u00ed a nevede k zahrnut\u00ed Rustu mezi povinn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti pro sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra). V nov\u00e9 verzi byly zahrnuty zm\u011bny p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed Rust-obal nad \u00farovn\u00ed abstrakce phylib a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed tento obal ovlada\u010d ax88796b_rust, poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed podporu PHY rozhran\u00ed Ethernetov\u00e9ho kontrol\u00e9ru Asix AX88772A (100MBit). Podle funk\u010dnosti je ovlada\u010d na Rustu zcela ekvivalentn\u00ed star\u00e9mu ovlada\u010di ax88796b napsan\u00e9mu v jazyce C a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n se s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdmi kartami X-Surf 100, vybaven\u00fdmi \u010dipem AX88796B. Pro architekturu LoongArch byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost psan\u00ed modul\u016f v jazyce Rust. Do\u0161lo ke p\u0159echodu na pou\u017eit\u00ed verze Rust 1.74.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n mechanismus BPF token, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje selektivn\u011b delegovat zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch funkc\u00ed BPF, jako je na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed BPF programu nebo vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed BPF map, nep\u0159 privilegedn\u00edm proces\u016fm ve space u\u017eivatele, jejich\u017e d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost je potvrzena zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm tokenem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena funk\u010dnost verifik\u00e1toru BPF program\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do n\u00e1stroje perf byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora profilov\u00e1n\u00ed dat, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje sledovat \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pis do datov\u00fdch struktur, nap\u0159\u00edklad za \u00fa\u010delem identifikace nej\u010dast\u011bji modifikovan\u00fdch pol\u00ed ve struktur\u00e1ch. Na syst\u00e9mech s procesory podporuj\u00edc\u00edmi sb\u011br informac\u00ed o operac\u00edch s pam\u011bt\u00ed (Intel, AMD, ARM) by pro shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed statistik m\u011bla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita p\u0159\u00edkaz 'perf mem record', a pro v\u00fdstup zpr\u00e1vy o p\u0159\u00edstupech k datov\u00fdm struktur\u00e1m \u2014 'perf annotate --data-type'.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla provedena optimalizace v\u00fdkonnosti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed na architektu\u0159e s390 (IBM Z), kter\u00e1 vedla v testech k urychlen\u00ed vstupu do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 11%.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost zm\u011bny velikosti buffer\u016f sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed informace o ud\u00e1lostech sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> D\u0159\u00edve odstran\u011bn\u00fd zastaral\u00fd mechanismus p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti SLAB byl v j\u00e1dru nahrazen pouze mechanismem SLUB. Jako d\u016fvod jsou uv\u00e1d\u011bny probl\u00e9my s \u00fadr\u017ebou, chyby v k\u00f3du a duplicita funkcionality s dokonalej\u0161\u00edm p\u0159id\u011blovatelem SLUB.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra byl zapnut p\u0159\u00edznak '-Wmissing-prototypes', kter\u00fd generuje upozorn\u011bn\u00ed pro vol\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch funkc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed definici prototypu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu RISC-V na syst\u00e9mech s podporou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed SUSP je implementov\u00e1na podpora p\u0159echodu do \u00fasporn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu se zachov\u00e1n\u00edm stavu v RAM. Byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edvat syst\u00e9mov\u00fd vol\u00e1n\u00ed riscv_hwprobe() k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o podporovan\u00fdch roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edch architektury RISC-V.                                          <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizace a bezpe\u010dnost<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed lsm_list_modules(), lsm_get_self_attr() a lsm_set_self_attr() pro v\u00fdpis seznamu nahran\u00fdch modul\u016f LSM (Linux Security Modules) a z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed\/nastaven\u00ed atribut\u016f modulu LSM. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na nov\u00e1 struktura lsm_ctx pro komunikaci v kontextu LSM mezi u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm prostorem a j\u00e1drem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podsystem AppArmor byl p\u0159eveden na pou\u017eit\u00ed algoritmu SHA-256 pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel, m\u00edsto hash\u016f SHA-1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Z j\u00e1dra byla odstran\u011bna implementace funkce strlcpy(), kter\u00e1 byla v l\u00e9t\u011b zahrnuta do C-knihovny Glibc 3.38. Funkce strlcpy je alternativou k funkci strncpy(), kter\u00e1 obsahuje ochranu proti p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed bufferu a v\u017edy p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 zakon\u010dovac\u00ed nulov\u00fd byte.\n<li class=\"l\"> V hypervisoru <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4378\">KVM<\/a> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pod syst\u00e9mu guest_memfd (guest-first memory), kter\u00fd poskytuje funkce spr\u00e1vy pam\u011bti, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed realizaci mo\u017enost\u00ed a optimalizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nelze dos\u00e1hnout p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy pam\u011bti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad guest_memfd umo\u017e\u0148uje alokovat a odr\u00e1\u017eet oblast pam\u011bti na hostitelsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00e1 je nedostupn\u00e1 pro hostitelsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyu\u017eito pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed d\u016fv\u011brnosti v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro hostitelsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed pod hypervizorem KVM byla zahrnuta podpora re\u017eimu LAM (Linear Address Masking), poskytovan\u00e9ho v procesorech Intel, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010d\u00e1st bit\u016f 64bitov\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f (od 57. po 62. bit) pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch na adresov\u00e1n\u00ed metadat.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do hypervisor KVM byla pro syst\u00e9my na b\u00e1zi architektury ARM64 p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora 52bitov\u00fdch (LPA2) fyzick\u00fdch adres. Pro syst\u00e9my s architekturou x86 byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost sestaven\u00ed bez emulace hypercalls Hyper-V, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje zmen\u0161it velikost j\u00e1dra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n ovlada\u010d iaa (IAA Compression Accelerator) pro urychlen\u00ed operac\u00ed komprese a dekomprese dat metodou DEFLATE, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017enosti kryptografick\u00fdch akceler\u00e1tor\u016f Intel Analytics Accelerator (IAA).\n<li class=\"l\"> Na stran\u011b hostitelsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed byla realizov\u00e1na podpora mechanismu Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed hypervisoru KVM vytv\u00e1\u0159et chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 hostitelsk\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v nich\u017e se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2026\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do SELinux byl p\u0159id\u00e1n SID identifik\u00e1tor 'init', kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje odd\u011blit procesy spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 na po\u010d\u00e1tku na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly spu\u0161t\u011bny p\u0159ed aplikac\u00ed politik SELinux. Byl vylep\u0161en rozhran\u00ed \/sys\/fs\/selinux pro spr\u00e1vu SELinux.                              <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla provedena n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e1 reorganizace z\u00e1kladn\u00edch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch datov\u00fdch struktur, realizovan\u00e1 pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivity mezipam\u011bti. D\u0159\u00edve byly pole ve struktur\u00e1ch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edku socks, netdev, netns a mibs um\u00edst\u011bny podle po\u0159ad\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e omezovalo vyu\u017eit\u00ed procesorov\u00e9 mezipam\u011bti. P\u0159eorganizov\u00e1n\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00fdch ve struktur\u00e1ch vedlo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rychlosti provozu TCP d\u00edky minimalizaci vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f v mezipam\u011bti b\u011bhem p\u0159enosu dat a optimalizaci p\u0159\u00edstupu k prom\u011bnn\u00fdm. P\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha paraleln\u00edch TCP spojen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zrychlen\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout 40%.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl odstran\u011bn subsyst\u00e9m bpfilter, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edval BPF pro filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f. Bpfilter byl dod\u00e1v\u00e1n od vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 4.18, ale nikdy nebyl uveden do stavu vhodn\u00e9ho pro \u0161irok\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed. V posledn\u00edch letech se k\u00f3d bpfilter v j\u00e1d\u0159e nevyv\u00edjel, zat\u00edmco v\u00fdvoj pokra\u010doval firmou Facebook v samostatn\u00e9m repozit\u00e1\u0159i.                                             <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Hardware<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd drivery DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe pro GPU zalo\u017een\u00e9 na architektu\u0159e Intel Xe, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v grafick\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch Intel rodiny Arc a integrovan\u00e9 grafice od procesor\u016f Tiger Lake. Ovlada\u010d Xe je navr\u017een jako z\u00e1klad pro podporu nov\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f, nez\u00e1visl\u00fd na k\u00f3du pro star\u0161\u00ed platformy. Ovlada\u010d je postaven na nov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e, kter\u00e1 v\u00edce aktivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed komponenty subsyst\u00e9mu DRM a tak\u00e9 standardn\u00ed komponenty ovlada\u010de i915, kter\u00e9 nejsou sv\u00e1z\u00e1ny s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi GPU, nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u00f3d pro interakci s obrazovkami, model pam\u011bti a implementaci execbuf. V Mesa je pr\u00e1ce OpenGL a Vulkan nad ovlada\u010dem Xe realizov\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b zm\u011bn proveden\u00fdch v existuj\u00edc\u00edch Mesa-ovlada\u010d\u00edch Iris a ANV.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di i915 pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ce na implementaci podpory \u010dip\u016f Intel LunarLake (Xe 2). Byla vylep\u0161ena podpora \u010dip\u016f Intel Meteor Lake.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di Nouveau byla implementov\u00e1na nastaven\u00ed pro v\u00fdchoz\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed funkc\u00ed firmwaru GSP pro pr\u00e1ci s GPU NVIDIA na z\u00e1klad\u011b mikroarchitektur Turing a Ampere, kde jsou operace inicializace a spr\u00e1vy GPU prov\u00e1d\u011bny samostatn\u00fdm mikrokontrol\u00e9rem GSP (GPU System Processor). P\u0159i zapnut\u00ed nastaven\u00ed bude ovlada\u010d pracovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vol\u00e1n\u00ed na firmware nam\u00edsto p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho programov\u00e1n\u00ed interakce s hardwarem.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di AMDGPU byla zavedena podpora ACPI WBRF a VPE DPM, zm\u011bn\u011bna byla obsluha rychlosti linky PCIe, pro synchroniza\u010dn\u00ed fronty bylo pou\u017eito 64bitov\u00fdch po\u0159adov\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel a byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora specifick\u00fdch pro AMD mechanism\u016f spr\u00e1vy barev, vy\u0159e\u0161en byl probl\u00e9m s p\u0159echodem do sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed implementace ovlada\u010de pro GPU Broadcom VideoCore 7.1, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho na kart\u00e1ch Raspberry Pi 5.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n ovlada\u010d pro GPU s\u00e9rie PowerVR 6 zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na mikroarchitektu\u0159e Rogue od spole\u010dnosti Imagination Technologies.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro \u0159adi\u010de Thunderbolt\/USB4, integrovan\u00e9 v \u010dipech zalo\u017een\u00fdch na mikroarchitektu\u0159e Intel Lunar Lake.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny ovlada\u010de pro kamery pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v SoC Starfive, GalaxyCore GC2145\/GC0308, Chips&amp;Media Wave a THine THP7312.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora hern\u00edch ovlada\u010d\u016f NSO (Nintendo Switch Online) \u2014 varianty star\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f SNES (Super Nintendo), Genesis a N64 (Nintendo 64) p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 pro Nintendo Switch. Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n ovlada\u010d pro hern\u00ed ovlada\u010de Adafruit Seesaw. Do ovlada\u010de xpad byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora ovlada\u010d\u016f Lenovo Legion Go.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovlada\u010de dts byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora hern\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Powkiddy RK2023, Powkiddy X55 a Anbernic RG351V.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159id\u00e1na podpora zvukov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v \u010dipech NXP i.MX8m MICFIL, Qualcomm SM8250, AMD ACP5x, Intel Arrow Lake, SM8550, SM8650 a X1E80100.\n<li class=\"l\"> Spole\u010dnost AMD provedla zm\u011bny t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se podpory budouc\u00ed s\u00e9rie procesor\u016f postaven\u00e9 na nov\u00e9 mikroarchitektu\u0159e Zen 5.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora ARM64 SoC: Qualcomm SM8650 (Snapdragon 8 Gen 3), Qualcomm X1E80100 (Snapdragon X Elite), Samsung Exynos Auto v920, Google GS101 (Tensor G1), MediaTek MT8188 a Unisoc UMS9620 (Tanggula 7).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora ARM platforem a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: Huashan Pi, Microsoft Lumia, HTC One Mini 2, Motorola MotoG 4G, Huawei Honor 5X\/GR5, Anbernic RG351V, Powkiddy RK2023, Powkiddy X55, ComXpress na b\u00e1zi Marvell CN913x, Chromebook Lenovo, Asus a Acer na b\u00e1zi Mediatek MT8183, Toradex Verdin AM62, desky na b\u00e1zi Allwinner H616\/H618.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora procesor\u016f ARM11 ARMv6K SMP byla ukon\u010dena.          <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u011b latinskoamerick\u00fd Fond svobodn\u00e9ho softwaru vytvo\u0159il variantu zcela svobodn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra 6.8 \u2014 Linux-libre 6.8-gnu, o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho od prvk\u016f firmwaru a ovlada\u010d\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch nesvobodn\u00e9 komponenty nebo \u010d\u00e1sti k\u00f3du, jejich\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed je omezeno v\u00fdrobcem. V vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 6.8 byl aktualizov\u00e1n k\u00f3d pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed blob\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u00edch a podsyst\u00e9mech. Bylo provedeno \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovlada\u010d\u016f Intel qat_420xx, Imagination PowerVR, Intel Xe, Chips&amp;Media Wave5, Intel VSC, Aquantia PHY a Realtek rtw8922a. V souvislosti s odstran\u011bn\u00edm z j\u00e1dra bylo zastaveno \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovlada\u010d\u016f atmel, hermes, orinoco_usb, libertas_cs a zd1201. Bylo provedeno \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1zv\u016f blob\u016f v dts-souboru (devicetree) pro architektury ARM a Aarch64. Byly odstran\u011bny probl\u00e9my s \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm ovlada\u010de i915.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60768\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.8. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 Xe \u0434\u043b\u044f GPU Intel, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0424\u0421, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 Deadline server, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Rust, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b listmount \u0438 statmount, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 bpfilter \u0438 SLAB, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c guest_memfd \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 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