{"id":114784,"date":"2024-04-04T12:25:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T10:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-instrumentariev-dlya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-6-0-incus-6-0-i-lxd-5-21-1"},"modified":"2024-04-04T12:25:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T10:25:42","slug":"vypusk-instrumentariev-dlya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-6-0-incus-6-0-i-lxd-5-21-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-instrumentariev-dlya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-6-0-incus-6-0-i-lxd-5-21-1","title":{"rendered":"Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro spr\u00e1vu kontejner\u016f LXC 6.0, Incus 6.0 a LXD 5.21.1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Komunita Linux Containers zve\u0159ejnila vyd\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro organizaci pr\u00e1ce izolovan\u00fdch kontejner\u016f LXC 6.0, kter\u00fd poskytuje runtime vhodn\u00fd jak pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kontejner\u016f s pln\u00fdm syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm bl\u00edzk\u00fdm virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroj\u016fm, tak pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed neprivilegovan\u00fdch kontejner\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed (OCI). LXC pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch kontejner\u016f. Pro centralizovan\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kontejner\u016f nasazen\u00fdch v clusteru n\u011bkolika server\u016f se na b\u00e1zi LXC vyv\u00edjej\u00ed syst\u00e9my Incus a LXD. V\u011btev LXC 6.0 je klasifikov\u00e1na jako vyd\u00e1n\u00ed s dlouhodobou podporou, aktualizace pro n\u011b\u017e budou poskytov\u00e1ny po dobu 5 let (do roku 2029). K\u00f3d LXC je naps\u00e1n v jazyce C a je \u0161\u00ed\u0159en pod licenc\u00ed GPLv2.    <\/p>\n<p>LXC zahrnuje knihovnu liblxc, sadu utilit (lxc-create, lxc-start, lxc-stop, lxc-ls atd.), \u0161ablony pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kontejner\u016f a sadu binding\u016f pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 programovac\u00ed jazyky. Izolace je prov\u00e1d\u011bna pomoc\u00ed standardn\u00edch mechanism\u016f j\u00e1dra Linux. Pro izolaci proces\u016f, s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho stacku ipc, uts, identifik\u00e1tor\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f a montovac\u00edch bod\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mechanismus jmenn\u00fdch prostor\u016f (namespaces). Pro omezen\u00ed zdroj\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed cgroups. Pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed privilegi\u00ed a omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu byly vyu\u017eity mo\u017enosti j\u00e1dra, jako jsou profily Apparmor a SELinux, politiky Seccomp, Chroots (pivot_root) a capabilities.       <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed zm\u011bny:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost sestaven\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho spustiteln\u00e9ho souboru lxc, kter\u00fd kombinuje v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edkazy, d\u0159\u00edve distribuovan\u00e9 jako samostatn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje &#171;lxc-*&#187;, do jedn\u00e9 utility. Pro sestaven\u00ed souhrnn\u00e9ho spustiteln\u00e9ho souboru je navr\u017eena volba &#171;tools-multicall=true&#187;, p\u0159i jej\u00edm\u017e nastaven\u00ed se v\u0161echny star\u00e9 samostatn\u00e9 utility vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed jako symbolick\u00e9 odkazy na utilitu lxc. Sestaven\u00ed ve form\u011b jednoho spustiteln\u00e9ho souboru umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdznamn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu diskov\u00e9ho prostoru n\u00e1stroji, co\u017e je aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pro vestav\u011bn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do knihovny liblxc byla p\u0159id\u00e1na funkce set_timeout, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje nastavit timeout pro jak\u00e9koli operace interakce s LXC monitorem.\n<li class=\"l\"> V rozhran\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch most\u016f lxcbr0 je ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed aktivov\u00e1na <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"podpora IPv6\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"382\">podpora IPv6<\/a>  s p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00edm adres z pods\u00edt\u011b IPv6 ULA (Unique Local Address).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do utility lxc-usernsexec byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny mo\u017enosti &#171;-u&#187; a &#171;-g&#187; pro zm\u011bnu identifik\u00e1tor\u016f u\u017eivatele a skupiny (UID a GID).\n<li class=\"l\"> V utilit\u011b lxc-checkconfig je zaji\u0161t\u011bno zobrazen\u00ed verze pouze p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edtomnosti p\u0159\u00edkazu lxc-start a bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no informov\u00e1n\u00ed o maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm povolen\u00e9m po\u010dtu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho typu jmenn\u00e9ho prostoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora obraz\u016f kontejner\u016f ve form\u00e1tu OCI, ve kter\u00fdch se pro kompresi informac\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 FS Squashfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro interakci se systemd p\u0159es D-Bus byla pou\u017eita samostatn\u00e1 knihovna libdbus-1 nam\u00edsto libsystemd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla ukon\u010dena podpora syst\u00e9mu inicializace Upstart.    <\/ul>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u011b byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna verze projektu Incus, v jej\u00edm\u017e r\u00e1mci komunita Linux Containers vyv\u00edj\u00ed fork syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy kontejner\u016f LXD, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159il star\u00fd t\u00fdm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, jen\u017e kdysi LXD vytvo\u0159il. K\u00f3d Incus je naps\u00e1n v jazyce Go a je distribuov\u00e1n pod licenc\u00ed Apache 2.0. Incus 6.0 je poprv\u00e9 pozicionov\u00e1n jako stabiln\u00ed v\u011btev, pro kterou bude zaji\u0161t\u011bn dlouh\u00fd cyklus aktualizac\u00ed (LTS). Mezi zm\u011bnami v Incus 6.0 vynik\u00e1 mo\u017enost vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed p\u0159es API bridge.external_interfaces, zlep\u0161en\u00ed podpory autentizace p\u0159es JWT (JSON Web Token), podpora USB a zobrazen\u00ed podrobn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch informac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazem &#171;incus info &#8212;resources&#187;, podpora verze LXD 5.21 v utilit\u011b lxd-to-incus.      <\/p>\n<p>Incus a LXD poskytuj\u00ed prost\u0159edky pro centralizovanou spr\u00e1vu kontejner\u016f a virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou nasazeny jak na jednom hostiteli, tak v clusteru n\u011bkolika <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/\"   title=\"servery\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1492\">servery<\/a>. Projekt je implementov\u00e1n jako proces na pozad\u00ed, kter\u00fd p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 po\u017eadavky p\u0159es s\u00ed\u0165 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm REST API a podporuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 backendy \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 (strom adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f, ZFS, Btrfs, LVM), snapshoty se zachycen\u00edm stavu, \u017eivou migraci b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch kontejner\u016f z jednoho stroje na druh\u00fd a prost\u0159edky pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed obraz\u016f kontejner\u016f. Jako runtime pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kontejner\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1stroj LXC. Izolace je realizov\u00e1na pomoc\u00ed standardn\u00edch mechanizm\u016f j\u00e1dra Linux (jmenn\u00e9 prostory, cgroups, Apparmor, SELinux, Seccomp).     <\/p>\n<p>Komunita Linux Containers dohl\u00ed\u017eela na v\u00fdvoj LXD, dokud se spole\u010dnost Canonical rozhodla transformovat LXD na podnikov\u00fd projekt. C\u00edlem forku je poskytnout spravovanou alternativu projektu LXD, kter\u00fd je pod kontrolou spole\u010dnosti Canonical, nez\u00e1vislou na komunit\u011b. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed Incus tak\u00e9 umo\u017enilo odstranit n\u011bkter\u00e9 koncep\u010dn\u00ed chyby, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji LXD u\u010din\u011bny a kter\u00e9 by jinak nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 opravit bez naru\u0161en\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9 kompatibility.             <\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dnost Canonical vydala novou verzi syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy kontejner\u016f LXD 5.21.1. V\u011btev LXD 5.21 je ozna\u010dena jako LTS a bude podporov\u00e1na do \u010dervna 2029. K\u00f3d p\u0159idan\u00fd do LXD zam\u011bstnanci Canonical je dod\u00e1v\u00e1n pod licenc\u00ed AGPLv3, zat\u00edmco k\u00f3d od extern\u00edch p\u0159isp\u011bvatel\u016f, na kter\u00fd Canonical nem\u00e1 vlastnick\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pod licenc\u00ed Apache 2.0. Z funk\u010dn\u00edch zm\u011bn v LXD 5.21.1 lze zm\u00ednit p\u0159echod snap bal\u00ed\u010dku LXD na v\u011btve LXC 6.0 a LXCFS 6.0. Do API bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed storage_volumes_all a s n\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed zpracovatel \/1.0\/storage_volumes pro v\u00fdstup seznamu se v\u0161emi odd\u00edly \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. Bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed instances_files_modify_permissions pro m\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v k existuj\u00edc\u00edm soubor\u016fm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm API.        <\/p>\n<p>Byla vyd\u00e1na verze virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho FS LXCFS 6.0, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho k simulaci v kontejnerech pseudo-FS \/proc a \/sys, stejn\u011b jako k virtualizovan\u00e9 prezentaci cgroupfs pro distribuce bez podpory prostor\u016f n\u00e1zv\u016f cgroup. V nov\u00e9 verzi byla p\u0159id\u00e1na volba &#171;&#8212;enable-cgroup&#187;, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0159\u00eddit zapnut\u00ed vestav\u011bn\u00e9 funkce pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stromu cgroupfs pro kontejnery, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed cgroupv1 (v sou\u010dasnosti v\u011bt\u0161ina distribuc\u00ed podporuje poskytovan\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 prostorov\u00e1 jm\u00e9na pro cgroup, tak\u017ee zapnut\u00ed vestav\u011bn\u00e9 alternativn\u00ed implementace ztratilo smysl a nyn\u00ed je voliteln\u00e9). Krom\u011b toho byla v LXCFS 6.0 zastavena filtrace CPU p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed souboru \/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu, v z\u00e1vislosti na stavu online\/offline.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60922\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e Linux Containers \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 LXC 6.0, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 runtime, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (OCI). LXC \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0437 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e Linux Containers \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 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