{"id":114805,"date":"2024-04-05T18:25:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T16:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-openbsd-7-5"},"modified":"2024-04-05T18:25:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-05T16:25:42","slug":"vypusk-openbsd-7-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-openbsd-7-5","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed OpenBSD 7.5","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bylo uvedeno vyd\u00e1n\u00ed svobodn\u00e9ho UNIX-podobn\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu OpenBSD 7.5. Projekt OpenBSD byl zalo\u017een Th\u00e9o de Raadt v roce 1995 po konfliktu s v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i NetBSD, kv\u016fli kter\u00e9mu byl Th\u00e9o uzav\u0159en p\u0159\u00edstup k CVS repozit\u00e1\u0159i NetBSD. Po tom Th\u00e9o de Raadt s skupinou sympatizant\u016f vytvo\u0159il na z\u00e1klad\u011b zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du NetBSD nov\u00fd otev\u0159en\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, jeho\u017e hlavn\u00edmi c\u00edli v\u00fdvoje jsou p\u0159enositelnost (podporuje 13 hardwarov\u00fdch platforem), standardizace, spr\u00e1vn\u00fd chod, proaktivn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a integrovan\u00e9 kryptografick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky. Velikost kompletn\u00ed instala\u010dn\u00ed ISO obrazu z\u00e1kladn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu OpenBSD 7.5 \u010din\u00ed 630 MB.       <\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b samotn\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je projekt OpenBSD zn\u00e1m sv\u00fdmi komponenty, kter\u00e9 se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily do jin\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a prok\u00e1zaly se jako jedna z nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a kvalitn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Mezi nimi nalezneme: LibreSSL (fork OpenSSL), OpenSSH, paketov\u00fd filtr PF, d\u00e9mony routov\u00e1n\u00ed OpenBGPD a OpenOSPFD, NTP server OpenNTPD, po\u0161tovn\u00ed server OpenSMTPD, multiplexor textov\u00e9ho termin\u00e1lu (analog GNU screen) tmux, d\u00e9mon identd s implementac\u00ed protokolu IDENT, BSDL alternativa k bal\u00edku GNU groff \u2014 mandoc, protokol pro organizaci vysoce dostupn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f CARP (Common Address Redundancy Protocol), lehk\u00fd HTTP server a n\u00e1stroj pro synchronizaci soubor\u016f OpenRSYNC.          <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed vylep\u0161en\u00ed:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do instal\u00e1toru byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu. V automatizovan\u00e9m re\u017eimu instalace (autoinstall) je nyn\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 povolit \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed disk\u016f s zad\u00e1n\u00edm hesla v otev\u0159en\u00e9m textu nebo poskytnut\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f na samostatn\u00e9m nosi\u010di. Sestaven\u00ed pro architekturu AMD64 cdXX.iso a installXX.iso byla p\u0159izp\u016fsobena pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v re\u017eimu EFI.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n syst\u00e9mov\u00fd volac\u00ed mechanismus pinsyscalls, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje povolit p\u0159\u00edstup k syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm vol\u00e1n\u00edm pouze z ur\u010dit\u00fdch m\u00edst v adresn\u00edm prostoru procesu. J\u00e1dro a ld.so mohou registrovat p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u00edsto vstupu pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 program a knihovna libc.so, pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed z nezaregistrovan\u00fdch m\u00edst.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla odstran\u011bna podpora nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm vol\u00e1n\u00edm pomoc\u00ed funkce syscall. V kombinaci s pinsyscalls toto zm\u011bna umo\u017e\u0148uje zak\u00e1zat p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm vol\u00e1n\u00edm bez pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed obal\u016f poskytovan\u00fdch v libc. Bal\u00ed\u010dky, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm vol\u00e1n\u00edm, jako Perl a Go, byly modifikov\u00e1ny tak, aby pou\u017e\u00edvaly pouze funkce libc.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na syst\u00e9mech ARM64 bylo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mechanism\u016f pro autentifikaci ukazatel\u016f (PAC \u2014 pointer authentication) a identifikaci v\u011btven\u00ed (BTI \u2014 branch target identification).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed ppp byla p\u0159id\u00e1na <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"podpora IPv6\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"385\">podpora IPv6<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> V n\u00e1stroji netstat byla implementov\u00e1na statistika o efektivit\u011b cacheov\u00e1n\u00ed tras (v v\u00fdstupu 'netstat -s' se nyn\u00ed zobrazuj\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtadla z\u00e1sah\u016f a ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f cache).\n<li class=\"l\"> V paketov\u00e9m filtru pf byly zohledn\u011bny zm\u011bny v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m z\u00e1sobn\u00edku souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s paralelizac\u00ed operac\u00ed na v\u00edcero procesorov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech. P\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje tcpdump s\u00edt\u011b pflog je zaji\u0161t\u011bno zobrazen\u00ed paket\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly odm\u00edtnuty p\u0159i spln\u011bn\u00ed pravidla s v\u00fdchoz\u00edm akc\u00ed 'block'. U pravidel s akc\u00ed 'pass' je zaji\u0161t\u011bno zobrazen\u00ed zablokovan\u00fdch neplatn\u00fdch paket\u016f. Do divert byla p\u0159id\u00e1na kontrola spr\u00e1vnosti nastaven\u00ed voleb v paketech IPv4.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla vylep\u0161ena podpora v\u00edcej\u00e1drov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f (SMP). Zpracovatel\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00fdch limit\u016f v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m z\u00e1sobn\u00edku, po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f pro rozhran\u00ed loopback a modul vscsi_filtops byly p\u0159evedeny do kategorie mp-safe. Byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna mo\u017enost paraleln\u00edho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed bind a connect, stejn\u011b jako operac\u00ed s tabulkami UDP pro IPv4 a IPv6. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed UDP paket\u016f z r\u016fzn\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla vylep\u0161ena spr\u00e1va situac\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed swapu, byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny zm\u011bny k vylou\u010den\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch blokac\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> V j\u00e1d\u0159e pro syst\u00e9my arm64 bylo implementov\u00e1no cachov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu pool\u016f tabulek str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti a PTE-deskriptor\u016f, co\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u011b zrychlilo funk\u010dnost na v\u00edcej\u00e1drov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla provedena vylep\u0161en\u00ed v hypervizoru VMM. Implementace za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vionet byla p\u0159epracov\u00e1na pro podporu v\u00edcevl\u00e1knovosti a p\u0159enosu dat mezi hostitelsk\u00fdm a hostovan\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem v re\u017eimu zero-copy, bez mezipam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena stabilita fungov\u00e1n\u00ed hypervizoru na syst\u00e9mech s instrukcemi Intel VMX. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na dal\u0161\u00ed ochrana p\u0159ed ned\u00e1vno zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi zranitelnostmi v procesorech souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi s spekulativn\u00edm vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm instrukc\u00ed a \u00faniky zbytkov\u00fdch dat z registr\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro syst\u00e9my amd64 byl p\u0159id\u00e1n sysctl machdep.retpoline pro spr\u00e1vu zapnut\u00ed mechanismu retpoline pro ochranu proti \u00fatok\u016fm t\u0159\u00eddy Spectre.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementace frameworku drm (Direct Rendering Manager) byla synchronizov\u00e1na s j\u00e1drem Linux 6.6.19 (v minul\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed \u2014 6.1.55).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora nov\u00e9ho hardwaru a byly zahrnuty nov\u00e9 ovlada\u010de spojen\u00e9 se sou\u010d\u00e1stmi r\u016fzn\u00fdch SoC, podporou Ethernetov\u00fdch kontrol\u00e9r\u016f a p\u0159esunem prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch operac\u00ed na stranu s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch karet.\n<li class=\"l\"> V zvukov\u00e9m subsyst\u00e9mu uaudio bylo povoleno p\u0159ipojen\u00ed n\u011bkolika ovlada\u010d\u016f pro zvukov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny ovlada\u010de apldcp a apldrm pro displejov\u00e9 kontrol\u00e9ry pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch Apple. Pro Apple Powerbook byla implementov\u00e1na funkce ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed podsv\u00edcen\u00ed kl\u00e1vesnice.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n ovlada\u010d qwx pro bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 \u010dipy Qualcomm IEEE 802.11ax, vytvo\u0159en\u00fd portov\u00e1n\u00edm ovlada\u010de ath11k z j\u00e1dra Linux (sou\u010d\u00e1st j\u00e1dra od verze 5.6). Ovlada\u010d umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017e\u00edvat bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 adapt\u00e9ry pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v notebooc\u00edch jako Lenovo ThinkPad X13s a DELL XPS 9500. Pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ovlada\u010de je nutn\u00e1 instalace soubor\u016f s firmwarem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do aplikace pax byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost z\u00e1pisu do pax arch\u00edv\u016f, a do utility tar byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pax arch\u00edv\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 8 GB.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do aplikace ifconfig byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed portov\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel pro tunelov\u00e9 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, jako jsou gif a gre.\n<li class=\"l\"> V bgpd byl mechanismus v\u00fdm\u011bny zpr\u00e1v a v\u011bt\u0161ina parser\u016f protokol\u016f p\u0159evedena na nov\u00e9 API pro bezpe\u010dnou pr\u00e1ci s pam\u011bt\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> V rpki-client byla p\u0159id\u00e1na experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed podpora algoritmu digit\u00e1ln\u00edch podpis\u016f P-256. Byla implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost omezen\u00ed p\u016fsobnosti RPKI Trust Anchor pouze na ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla autonomn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro seznamy podepsan\u00fdch prefiks\u016f RPKI (Signed Prefix List).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do smtpd byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora RFC 7505 ('Null MX' pro identifikaci. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/domain\/\"   title=\"dom\u00e9n.\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3157\">dom\u00e9n.<\/a>Byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost instalace u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed KDE Plasma 5.27 z bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f kde-plasma a kde-plasma-extra (po ukon\u010den\u00ed podpory KDE4 z\u016fstala podpora pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed desktopu KDE Plasma 5 v OpenBSD nefunk\u010dn\u00ed). Pro instalaci jsou navr\u017eeny verze KDE Plasma 5.27.10, KDE Applications 23.08.4 a KDE Frameworks 5.115.0.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly aktualizov\u00e1ny bal\u00ed\u010dky LibreSSL a OpenSSH. Podrobn\u00fd p\u0159ehled vylep\u0161en\u00ed lze naj\u00edt v recenz\u00edch LibreSSL 3.9.0, OpenSSH 9.6 a OpenSSH 9.7.\n<li class=\"l\"> Po\u010det port\u016f pro architekturu AMD64 \u010din\u00ed: 12309 (bylo 11845), pro aarch64 \u2014 12145 (bylo 11508), pro i386 \u2014 10830 (bylo 10603). Mezi verzemi aplikac\u00ed v portech:\n<li class=\"l\">Po\u010det port\u016f pro architekturu AMD64 \u010dinil: 12309 (bylo 11845), pro aarch64 \u2014 12145 (bylo 11508), pro i386 \u2014 10830 (bylo 10603). Mezi verzemi aplikac\u00ed v portech:\n<ul>\n<li> Audacity 3.4.2\n<li> CMake 3.28.3\n<li> Chromium 122.0.6261.111\n<li> Firefox 123.0.1, ESR 115.8.0\n<li> FFmpeg 4.4.4\n<li> GCC 8.4.0, 11.2.0\n<li> GHC 9.6.4\n<li> GNOME 45\n<li> Go 1.22.1\n<li> JDK 8u402, 11.0.22, 17.0.10, 21.0.2\n<li> Krita 5.2.2\n<li> LLVM\/Clang 13.0.0, 16.0.6, 17.0.6\n<li> LibreOffice 24.2.1.2\n<li> Lua 5.1.5, 5.2.4, 5.3.6, 5.4.6\n<li> MariaDB 10.9.8\n<li> Mutt 2.2.13 a NeoMutt 20240201\n<li> Mono 6.12.0.199\n<li> Node.js 18.19.1\n<li> OCaml 4.14.1\n<li> OpenLDAP 2.6.7\n<li> PHP 7.4.33, 8.0.30, 8.1.27, 8.2.16, 8.3.3\n<li> Postfix 3.8.6\n<li> PostgreSQL 16.2\n<li> Python 2.7.18, 3.9.18, 3.10.13, 3.11.8\n<li> Qt 5.15.12 (+ opravy kde), 6.6.1\n<li> Ruby 3.1.4, 3.2.3, 3.3.0\n<li> R 4.2.3\n<li> Rust 1.76.0\n<li> SQLite 3.44.2\n<li> Sudo 1.9.15.5\n<li> Shotcut 23.07.29\n<li> Suricata 7.0.3\n<li> Struktura spole\u010denstv\u00ed 6.0.0\n<li> Tcl\/Tk 8.5.19, 8.6.13\n<li> TeX Live 2023\n<li> Thunderbird 115.8.1\n<li> Vim 9.1.139, Neovim 0.9.5\n<li> Xfce 4.18.1     <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly aktualizov\u00e1ny komponenty od t\u0159et\u00edch stran obsa\u017een\u00e9 v OpenBSD 7.5:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Grafick\u00fd stack Xenocara na b\u00e1zi X.Org 7.7 s xserver 21.1.11 + patche, freetype 2.13.0, fontconfig 2.14.2, Mesa 23.1.9, xterm 378, xkeyboard-config 2.20, fonttosfnt 1.2.3.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    LLVM\/Clang 16.0.6 (+ patche)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    GCC 4.2.1 (+ patche) a 3.3.6 (+ patche)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Perl 5.36.3 (+ patche)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    NSD 4.8.0  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Unbound 1.18  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Ncurses 5.7  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Binutils 2.17 (+ patche)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Gdb 6.3 (+ patche)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Awk 22.01.2024  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Expat 2.6.0.\n<li class=\"l\"> zlib 1.3.1 (+ patche).  <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60930\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 UNIX-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b OpenBSD 7.5. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 OpenBSD \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0422\u044d\u043e \u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0442\u043e\u043c (Theo de Raadt) \u0432 1995 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 NetBSD, \u0432 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