{"id":115263,"date":"2024-04-23T20:30:08","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T18:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-40"},"modified":"2024-04-23T20:30:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T18:30:08","slug":"reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-40","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-40","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed distribuce Fedora Linux 40","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Byl p\u0159edstaven nov\u00fd release distribuce Fedora Linux 40. K dispozici jsou produkty Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base, Fedora IoT Edition a Live-obrazy, dod\u00e1van\u00e9 jako spiny s desktopov\u00fdmi prost\u0159ed\u00edmi KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE, Phosh, LXQt, Budgie a Sway. Obrazy jsou p\u0159ipraveny pro architektury x86_64, Power64 a ARM64 (AArch64). Publikace obraz\u016f Fedora Silverblue je odlo\u017eena.      <\/p>\n<p>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny ve Fedora Linux 40:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Desktop GNOME ve Fedora Workstation byl aktualizov\u00e1n na verzi 46, kter\u00e1 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed funkci glob\u00e1ln\u00edho vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdkon spr\u00e1vce soubor\u016f a termin\u00e1lov\u00fdch emul\u00e1tor\u016f, p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed podporu mechanismu VRR (Variable Refresh Rate), zlep\u0161uje kvalitu v\u00fdstupu p\u0159i jemn\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, roz\u0161i\u0159uje mo\u017enosti p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k extern\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m, aktualizuje konfigur\u00e1tor a zlep\u0161uje syst\u00e9m upozorn\u011bn\u00ed. V GTK byl pou\u017eit nov\u00fd rendering engine, kter\u00fd je zalo\u017een na API Vulkan.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Edice s desktopem KDE byla aktualizov\u00e1na na verzi KDE 6, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol Wayland. Podpora relace na b\u00e1zi protokolu X11 byla v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm balen\u00ed ukon\u010dena (lze ji obnovit instalac\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dku plasma-workspace-x11 z repozit\u00e1\u0159e). Pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed aplikac\u00ed X11 v relaci na b\u00e1zi Wayland byl pou\u017eit DDX server XWayland. Mezi d\u016fvody ukon\u010den\u00ed podpory relace s X11 se uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159eveden\u00ed X.Org serveru do RHEL 9 do kategorie zastaral\u00fdch a rozhodnut\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b jej odstranit v budouc\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed RHEL 10. Mezi faktory, kter\u00e9 vedly k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed pouze podpory Wayland, se uv\u00e1d\u00ed nahrazen\u00ed ovlada\u010d\u016f fbdev v Fedora 36 ovlada\u010dem simpledrm, kter\u00fd spr\u00e1vn\u011b funguje s Wayland, a tak\u00e9 vznik podpory Wayland v propriet\u00e1rn\u00edch ovlada\u010d\u00edch NVIDIA.         <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Atomicky aktualizovateln\u00e9 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 distribuce, rozv\u00edjen\u00e9 projektem Fedora, byly slou\u010deny do jedn\u00e9 rodiny pod zna\u010dkou Atomic Desktops, ale dlouho existuj\u00edc\u00ed atomick\u00e9 sestavy si zachovaly star\u00fd n\u00e1zev. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee Fedora Silverblue na b\u00e1zi GNOME a Fedora Kinoite na b\u00e1zi KDE, stejn\u011b jako Fedora CoreOS a Fedora IoT, si zachovaly p\u016fvodn\u00ed n\u00e1zvy, ale nov\u00e9 sestavy Fedora Sericea a Fedora Onyx se nyn\u00ed distribuuj\u00ed pod n\u00e1zvy Fedora Sway Atomic a Fedora Budgie Atomic.       <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly aktualizov\u00e1ny verze bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, mezi kter\u00fdmi jsou LLVM 18, GCC 14, binutils 2.41, glibc 2.39, gdb 14.1, PHP 8.3, Ruby 3.3, Go 1.22, Java 21, AMD ROCm 6, Boost 1.83, 389 Directory Server 3.0.0, Podman 5, PostgreSQL 16, TBB (Thread Building Blocks) 2021.8, SQLAlchemy 2, Kubernetes 1.29.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V konfigura\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1stroji NetworkManager je ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed aktivn\u00ed mechanismus pro detekci konflikt\u016f IPv4 adres v m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edti (RFC 5227), jeho\u017e podstatou je zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed kontroln\u00edho ARP paketu p\u0159ed p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00edm adresy k s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9mu rozhran\u00ed (pokud je obdr\u017eena odpov\u011b\u010f, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee adresa je obsazena a nebude p\u0159i\u0159azena). Pro bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e1 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed je zaji\u0161t\u011bno p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 trval\u00e9 MAC adresy (re\u017eim stable-ssid v NetworkManager).      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  N\u00e1stroje pro sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed Mock (mock-core-configs), Koji a Copr byly p\u0159evedeny na pou\u017eit\u00ed spr\u00e1vce bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f DNF 5 pro instalaci z\u00e1vislost\u00ed pro sestaven\u00ed v chroot prost\u0159ed\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9m p\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. P\u0159echod samotn\u00e9ho distribuce na DNF 5 se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed verzi.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V spr\u00e1vci bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f DNF je ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed zak\u00e1z\u00e1no stahov\u00e1n\u00ed metadat se seznamy soubor\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. Tyto \u00fadaje se z\u0159\u00eddka pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, ale maj\u00ed velkou velikost a zpomaluj\u00ed provoz.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl odstran\u011bn bal\u00ed\u010dek s knihovnou OpenSSL 1.1, vzhledem k ukon\u010den\u00ed podpory t\u00e9to v\u011btve. Z\u00e1vislosti v\u00e1zan\u00e9 na OpenSSL 1.1 byly p\u0159evedeny na OpenSSL 3.0. Byl odstran\u011bn bal\u00ed\u010dek python3.7.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Knihovna Zlib byla nahrazena forkem Zlib-ng, kter\u00fd je kompatibiln\u00ed se zlib na \u00farovni API, ale poskytuje dal\u0161\u00ed optimalizace ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bylo ukon\u010deno vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed delta aktualizac\u00ed RPM bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148ovaly stahovat pouze zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e1 data oproti ji\u017e nainstalovan\u00e9 verzi bal\u00ed\u010dku p\u0159i aktualizaci. Podpora deltarpm v DNF a DNF5 byla zak\u00e1z\u00e1na.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n Passim, kter\u00fd cacheuje <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">server<\/a> pro distribuci \u010dasto po\u017eadovan\u00fdch soubor\u016f v m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edti bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k hlavn\u00edm server\u016fm a bez zapojen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch CDN.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Modul pam_userdb byl p\u0159eveden z pou\u017eit\u00ed BerkeleyDB na GDBM z d\u016fvodu ukon\u010den\u00ed podpory v\u011btve BerkeleyDB 5.x a p\u0159echodu v\u011btve BerkeleyDB 6.x na nep\u0159ijatelnou licenci. Bogofilter byl p\u0159eveden na pou\u017eit\u00ed SQLite nam\u00edsto BerkeleyDB (libdb).     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro sestaven\u00ed Live obraz\u016f Fedora Workstation byl vyu\u017eit n\u00e1stroj Image Builder, kter\u00fd podporuje opakovateln\u00e9 sestaven\u00ed a nab\u00edz\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed proces p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed obraz\u016f.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00edch obraz\u016f pro architekturu ARM byl pou\u017eit n\u00e1stroj osbuild.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed obraz\u016f Fedora Cloud Edition byl nam\u00edsto ImageFactory pou\u017eit n\u00e1stroj Kiwi.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla provedena restrukturalizace bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f pro Kubernetes.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Fedora IoT, verze pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed internetu v\u011bc\u00ed, byla p\u0159evedena na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edch kontejner\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f OSTree a technologie bootc.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00e1stroj wget byl nahrazen wget2 a n\u00e1stroj iotop byl nahrazen iotop-c.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve vyd\u00e1n\u00edch Fedora Silverblue a Kinoite byla zahrnuta aplikace bootupd, kter\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u00ed aktualizaci zav\u00e1d\u011b\u010de.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Knihovna libuser byla prohl\u00e1\u0161ena za zastaralou, proto\u017ee nen\u00ed d\u00e1le udr\u017eov\u00e1na a u\u017e se nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v jin\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dc\u00edch Fedora (pro podporu LDAP se v distribuci dlouho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 SSSD). Bal\u00ed\u010dek passwd, kter\u00fd implementoval n\u00e1stroj passwd zalo\u017een\u00fd na libuser, byl odstran\u011bn a m\u00edsto toho byla pou\u017eita podobn\u00e1 utilita z bal\u00ed\u010dku shadow-utils.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla provedena pr\u00e1ce na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b k zahrnut\u00ed nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verze standardu jazyka C do GCC jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00ed podpory n\u011bkter\u00fdch zastaral\u00fdch funkc\u00ed jazyka, jako je implicitn\u00ed definice funkc\u00ed a implicitn\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed typu int.         <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Byla realizov\u00e1na druh\u00e1 f\u00e1ze p\u0159echodu na modernizovan\u00fd proces spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fd navrhl Lennart Poettering. Rozd\u00edly od klasick\u00e9ho spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednotn\u00e9ho obrazu j\u00e1dra UKI (Unified Kernel Image) nam\u00edsto obrazu initrd, kter\u00fd je vytv\u00e1\u0159en na m\u00edstn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu p\u0159i instalaci bal\u00ed\u010dku se j\u00e1drem, generovan\u00fd v infrastruktu\u0159e distribuce a podepsan\u00fd digit\u00e1ln\u00edm podpisem distribuce. Obraz UKI spojuje v jednom souboru zavad\u011b\u010d pro na\u010dten\u00ed j\u00e1dra z UEFI (UEFI boot stub), obraz j\u00e1dra Linuxu a do pam\u011bti na\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed initrd. P\u0159i vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed obrazu UKI z UEFI je k dispozici mo\u017enost kontroly integrity a pravosti pomoc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho podpisu nejen j\u00e1dra, ale tak\u00e9 obsahu initrd, jeho\u017e ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee v tomto prost\u0159ed\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k extrakci kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f pro de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho FS.\n<p>Ve druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed UKI z UEFI modulu shim.efi bez pou\u017eit\u00ed samostatn\u00e9ho zavad\u011b\u010de (grub, sd-boot), byla implementov\u00e1na podpora pro pou\u017eit\u00ed UKI na syst\u00e9mech s architekturou Aarch64 a byla p\u0159ipravena verze UKI obrazu pro cloudov\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zabezpe\u010den\u00e9. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2038\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a>. P\u0159edt\u00edm ve f\u00e1zi jedna ve Fedo\u0159e 38 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora UKI do bootloaderu, n\u00e1stroje pro instalaci a aktualizaci UKI byly implementov\u00e1ny a experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed obraz UKI pro zprovozn\u011bn\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f s omezen\u00fdm souborem komponent a ovlada\u010d\u016f byl vytvo\u0159en.     <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do repozit\u00e1\u0159e byl p\u0159id\u00e1n p\u0159ipraven\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek se strojov\u00fdm u\u010den\u00edm frameworkem PyTorch, kter\u00fd lze nainstalovat p\u0159\u00edkazem &#171;dnf install pytorch&#187;. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b bal\u00ed\u010dek obsahuje pouze komponenty pro v\u00fdpo\u010dty pomoc\u00ed CPU, ale v budouc\u00edch verz\u00edch se pl\u00e1nuje p\u0159idat podpora pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed GPU a specializovan\u00fdch NPU akceler\u00e1tor\u016f.                  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u00e1le lze zm\u00ednit zaveden\u00ed repozit\u00e1\u0159\u016f projektu RPM Fusion pro Fedora 40 s ozna\u010den\u00edm &#171;free&#187; a &#171;nonfree&#187;, ve kter\u00fdch jsou dostupn\u00e9 bal\u00ed\u010dky s dal\u0161\u00edmi multimedi\u00e1ln\u00edmi aplikacemi (MPlayer, VLC, Xine), video\/audiokodeky, podporou DVD, propriet\u00e1rn\u00edmi ovlada\u010di AMD a NVIDIA, hern\u00edmi programy a emul\u00e1tory.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61052\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Fedora Linux 40. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base, Fedora IoT Edition \u0438 Live-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE, Phosh, LXQt, Budgie \u0438 Sway. \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, Power64 \u0438 ARM64 (AArch64). \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a Fedora Silverblue [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Fedora Linux 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