{"id":116675,"date":"2024-06-20T18:06:01","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T16:06:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/proekt-exectos-razvivaet-otkrytuyu-os-naczelennuyu-na-sovmestimost-s-prilozheniyami-windows"},"modified":"2024-06-20T18:06:01","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T16:06:01","slug":"proekt-exectos-razvivaet-otkrytuyu-os-naczelennuyu-na-sovmestimost-s-prilozheniyami-windows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/proekt-exectos-razvivaet-otkrytuyu-os-naczelennuyu-na-sovmestimost-s-prilozheniyami-windows","title":{"rendered":"Projekt ExectOS vyv\u00edj\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na kompatibilitu s aplikacemi Windows.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Projekt ExectOS se pokusil vytvo\u0159it zcela nov\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m s mikroj\u00e1drem s architekturou XT, inspirovan\u00fdm j\u00e1drem Windows NT. Slo\u017eky j\u00e1dra v ExectOS jsou odd\u011bleny od subsyst\u00e9mu odpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho za pr\u00e1ci s ovlada\u010di za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje aktualizovat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed j\u00e1dro bez nutnosti rekompilace ovlada\u010d\u016f pro nov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro. K\u00f3d projektu je naps\u00e1n v jazyce C a je distribuov\u00e1n pod licenc\u00ed GPLv3.<\/p>\n

Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se vyv\u00edj\u00ed s ohledem na mo\u017enost poskytnout vrstvu pro spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed API Win32, a tak\u00e9 schopnost vyu\u017e\u00edvat ovlada\u010de dod\u00e1van\u00e9 pro Windows. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou takov\u00e9 vrstvy v pl\u00e1nu a ke pr\u00e1ci se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed aplikace a ovlada\u010de. Rozd\u00edly oproti ReactOS spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v tom, \u017ee ExectOS rozv\u00edj\u00ed samostatn\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m s vlastn\u00ed architekturou XT, poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed vrstvu pro kompatibilitu s aplikacemi pro Windows, zat\u00edmco ReactOS se sna\u017e\u00ed replikovat Windows.<\/p>\n

Architektura j\u00e1dra XT zaji\u0161\u0165uje preemptivn\u00ed multitasking a zahrnuje dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vrstvy: mikroj\u00e1dro a komponenty b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru. Komponenty \u00farovn\u011b j\u00e1dra b\u011b\u017e\u00ed v odd\u011blen\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 oblasti pam\u011bti a maj\u00ed pln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k hardwaru a syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm prost\u0159edk\u016fm. Na rozd\u00edl od j\u00e1dra NT, XT postr\u00e1d\u00e1 samostatnou \u00farove\u0148 HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer), kter\u00e1 funguje jako vrstva mezi hardwarem a zbytkem opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

U\u017eivatelsk\u00e1 vrstva zahrnuje subsyst\u00e9my umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed aplikac\u00ed napsan\u00fdch pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my. Nap\u0159\u00edklad tyto subsyst\u00e9my mohou realizovat vrstvy pro podporu prost\u0159ed\u00ed kompatibiln\u00edho s POSIX nebo pro mo\u017en\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed program\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na API Win32. Projektem se tak\u00e9 vyv\u00edj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011b\u010d XT Boot Loader, kter\u00fd podporuje UEFI, a n\u00e1stroj pro sestaven\u00ed XTChain zalo\u017een\u00fd na LLVM\/Clang\/LLD.<\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b syst\u00e9m podporuje pouze procesory architektur i686 a x86_64, ale n\u00e1stroj pro sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 podporuje architekturu ARM64. Projekt se vyv\u00edj\u00ed od roku 2022, ale v\u00fdvoj se dosud nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve f\u00e1zi po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje. Pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu se periodicky vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed testovac\u00ed sestaven\u00ed, kter\u00e1 lze spou\u0161t\u011bt v QEMU nebo zav\u00e1d\u011bt na syst\u00e9mech s EFI z USB disku.<\/p>\n

D\u016fvodem pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je touha zbavit se r\u00e1mc\u016f a omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by mohla br\u00e1nit realizaci principi\u00e1ln\u011b nov\u00fdch my\u0161lenek pro v\u00fdstavbu opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, kter\u00e9 se auto\u0159i ExectOS sna\u017e\u00ed uskute\u010dnit, se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od architektury jin\u00fdch projekt\u016f, a je je snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed realizovat bez ohledu na existuj\u00edc\u00ed k\u00f3d. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i ExectOS tak\u00e9 cht\u011bli z\u00edskat plnou svobodu v experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed a mo\u017enost na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm stupni se nezab\u00fdvat kompatibilitou a spln\u011bn\u00edm n\u011bjak\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f.
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 ExectOS \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 XT, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Windows NT. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0432 ExectOS \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0421 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GPLv3. 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