{"id":118783,"date":"2024-08-01T15:43:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T13:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/plan-prekrashheniya-podderzhki-staryh-proczessorov-arm-v-yadre-linux"},"modified":"2024-08-01T15:43:01","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T13:43:01","slug":"plan-prekrashheniya-podderzhki-staryh-proczessorov-arm-v-yadre-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/plan-prekrashheniya-podderzhki-staryh-proczessorov-arm-v-yadre-linux","title":{"rendered":"Pl\u00e1n na ukon\u010den\u00ed podpory star\u00fdch procesor\u016f ARM v j\u00e1d\u0159e Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arnd Bergmann, odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za bal\u00ed\u010dky s j\u00e1drem v SUSE, zve\u0159ejnil v mailing listu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f j\u00e1dra Linux pl\u00e1n odstran\u011bn\u00ed podpory pro star\u00e9 procesory ARM a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed ABI, instruk\u010dn\u00ed sady a funkce j\u00e1dra, kter\u00e9 jsou zalo\u017eeny na GCC. Pl\u00e1n je zat\u00edm ve st\u00e1diu RFC, tedy vystaven k diskusi komunit\u011b. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b schv\u00e1len\u00ed pl\u00e1nu se navrhuje zah\u00e1jit odstran\u011bn\u00ed star\u00fdch procesor\u016f ARM v j\u00e1dru Linux 6.12, jeho\u017e vyd\u00e1n\u00ed se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 v prosinci. Prvn\u00edmi kandid\u00e1ty na odstran\u011bn\u00ed jsou ARMv4 (bez odstran\u011bn\u00ed ARMv4T), iWMMXt, BE32 a OABI.    <\/p>\n<p>Konec podpory star\u00fdch procesor\u016f ARM v j\u00e1d\u0159e se kryje s ukon\u010den\u00edm jejich podpory v GCC \u2014 \u010d\u00e1st nahrazen\u00fdch procesor\u016f ji\u017e nen\u00ed podporov\u00e1na v nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011btv\u00edch GCC, a n\u011bkter\u00e9 pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed odstranit v budouc\u00edch verz\u00edch, co\u017e usnadn\u00ed modernizaci a realizaci nov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed v kompil\u00e1toru. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed podpory architektury v GCC vy\u017eaduje odstran\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00ed podpory i z j\u00e1dra v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed podporovan\u00e9 verze GCC j\u00e1drem (aktu\u00e1ln\u011b pro sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra je pot\u0159eba alespo\u0148 verze GCC 5.1).      <\/p>\n<p>Architektury, \u010dipy a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se navrhuj\u00ed k odstran\u011bn\u00ed z j\u00e1dra:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv3 \u2014 podpora ji\u017e byla ukon\u010dena v GCC 9.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv4 \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se pro st\u00e1le obl\u00edben\u00e9 procesory StrongARM a FA526, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z t\u011bchto \u010dip\u016f byly vyd\u00e1ny p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 20 lety. Podpora ARMv4 byla ukon\u010dena v Debian 5.0. Nejprve se navrhuje ukon\u010dit podporu ARMv4 v GCC, a za n\u011bkolik let i v j\u00e1d\u0159e.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv4T \u2014 v ob\u011bhu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 6 rodin SoC s j\u00e1dry ARM720T, ARM920T a ARM922T, kter\u00e9 jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e SoC na z\u00e1klad\u011b ARMv4. Podpora ARMv4T byla ukon\u010dena v Debian 9.0. V j\u00e1d\u0159e pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed ukon\u010dit podporu ARMv4T nejd\u0159\u00edve po ukon\u010den\u00ed podpory ARMv5.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv5 \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1\/3 v\u0161ech platforem podporovan\u00fdch v j\u00e1d\u0159e, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina z t\u011bchto platforem se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed konci \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu. Debian nad\u00e1le podporuje ARMv5, ale kv\u016fli nedostatku FPU a atom\u00e1rn\u00edch operac\u00ed se uchov\u00e1vat podporu st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bude port Debian pro ARMv5 brzy p\u0159eveden mezi neofici\u00e1ln\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed generace ARMv6 \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v takov\u00fdch SoC, jako jsou ARM1136r0p (NXP i.MX31) a OMAP24xx (Nokia N8xx), ale jejich podpora vy\u017eaduje hacky pro pr\u00e1ci v j\u00e1drech se SMP.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv6K \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v ARM1176 (Raspberry Pi 1, AST2500) a ARM1136r1. V j\u00e1d\u0159e nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky pro ukon\u010den\u00ed podpory, ale v distribu\u00edch se objevuj\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee kv\u016fli nesouladu s typov\u00fdm \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c armv7-a+vfpv3-d16.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv7-M \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v mikrokontrolerech na z\u00e1klad\u011b Cortex-M3\/M4\/M7, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed posledn\u00edmi podporovan\u00fdmi v j\u00e1d\u0159e \u010dipy bez \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotky pam\u011bti (MMU). Pr\u00e1ce na j\u00e1drech v syst\u00e9mech bez MMU byla ukon\u010dena v roce 2017, po p\u0159epnut\u00ed pro podobn\u00e9 \u010dipy na v\u00fdvoj RTOS, jako je Zephyr. Navrhuje se odstranit podporu ARMv7-M v roce 2027, po 10 letech od ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdvoje, navzdory pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed podpo\u0159e v GCC.\n<li class=\"l\"> iWMMXt \u2014 podpora CPU ARMv7 PJ4 (MMP2, Berlin) byla ji\u017e v j\u00e1d\u0159e ukon\u010dena, a po t\u00e9to akci nez\u016fstaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed tuto instruk\u010dn\u00ed sadu. Podpora iWMMXt byla ji\u017e ukon\u010dena v Clangu a navr\u017eena k odstran\u011bn\u00ed z GCC.\n<li class=\"l\"> BE32 (big endian ARMv5) \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se pouze v jednom SoC Intel IXP4xx. Ve star\u0161\u00edch verz\u00edch Debianu byla podporov\u00e1na pouze little-endian re\u017eim, ale v ovlada\u010d\u00edch z\u016fstavaj\u00ed nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Navrhuje se odstranit podporu BE32 z GCC a j\u00e1dra, proto\u017ee nikdo se za n\u011bkolik let ani nepokusil vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my v ovlada\u010d\u00edch.\n<li class=\"l\"> BE8 (big-endian ARMv7) \u2014 v mnoha ovlada\u010d\u00edch jsou probl\u00e9my, testov\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e bylo zastaveno a nejsou zpr\u00e1vy o zbyl\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. BE8 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zaj\u00edmav\u00fd pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed komponent u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru na syst\u00e9m\u016f big-endian, tud\u00ed\u017e je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no zachovat podporu BE8 v j\u00e1d\u0159e a GCC po dobu alespo\u0148 n\u011bkolika let, dokud to neza\u010dne zp\u016fsobovat probl\u00e9my.    <\/ul>\n<p>Navrhovan\u00e9 mo\u017enosti k odstran\u011bn\u00ed z j\u00e1dra Linux:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  Struktura param_struct, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 p\u0159ed ATAGS (ARM Tag-Area) \u2014 byla prohl\u00e1\u0161ena za zastaralou ji\u017e v roce 2001, ale st\u00e1le se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v k\u00f3du pro platformy RiscPC a Footbridge.\n<li class=\"l\"> Soubor s parametry na z\u00e1klad\u011b struktury ATAGS (pou\u017e\u00edvala se k p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o konfiguraci p\u0159ed Device Tree) \u2014 v j\u00e1d\u0159e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 29 soubor\u016f spojen\u00fdch s 10 platformami SoC vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmi ATAGS.\n<li class=\"l\"> OABI (Old ABI, star\u00fd ABI pro architekturu ARM) \u2014 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude se nyn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 EABI (Embedded ABI). OABI je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mnoha chyb, proto\u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i ovlada\u010d\u016f p\u0159estali br\u00e1t v \u00favahu n\u011bkter\u00e9 s t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed vlastnosti. Podpora OABI p\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed komponent pro u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd prostor byla ukon\u010dena v GCC 4.8, ale pro j\u00e1dro z\u016fstal flag \u201e-mabi=apcs-gnu\u201c. Navrhuje se zat\u00edm OABI ponechat, ale zt\u00ed\u017eit jeho zahrnut\u00ed z nedbalosti.\n<li class=\"l\"> M\u00f3d kompatibility s OABI (OABI_COMPAT) \u2014 umo\u017e\u0148uje spou\u0161t\u011bt spustiteln\u00e9 soubory sestaven\u00e9 pro OABI pomoc\u00ed j\u00e1dra s EABI. V ovlada\u010d\u00edch vznikaj\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my kv\u016fli nekompatibilit\u011b s ioctl, ale n\u00e1ro\u010dnost \u00fadr\u017eby tohoto re\u017eimu je v\u00fdrazn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u00fadr\u017eba jader s OABI. Pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed podpory StrongARM by bylo rozumn\u00e9 zachovat podporu OABI nebo OABI_COMPAT.\n<li class=\"l\"> NWFPE (\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd emul\u00e1tor s plovouc\u00ed desetinnou \u010d\u00e1rkou, emul\u00e1tor pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed s plovouc\u00ed desetinnou \u010d\u00e1rkou) \u2014 opravy pro odstran\u011bn\u00ed byly navr\u017eeny ji\u017e p\u0159ed 11 lety, ale NWFPE je pot\u0159eba pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch komponent u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru sestaven\u00fdch pro OABI, tak\u017ee doporu\u010duje se zachovat podporu NWFPE, dokud j\u00e1dro z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 s podporou OABI nebo OABI_COMPAT.\n<li class=\"l\">  Highmem (pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pam\u011bti v oblasti nad 1 GB) \u2014 v\u011bt\u0161ina ARM syst\u00e9m\u016f m\u016f\u017ee fungovat bez aktivace highmem, nebo m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edt CONFIG_VMSPLIT_2GB pro p\u0159\u00edstup k prvn\u00edm 2 GB fyzick\u00e9 pam\u011bti. Prob\u00edh\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce na uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k 4 GB RAM na syst\u00e9mech s LPAE (Cortex-A7\/A15), po jej\u00edm\u017e dokon\u010den\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt podpora Highmem odstran\u011bna.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sparsemem \u2014 je pot\u0159eba pro syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed highmem.    <\/ul>\n<p>Navrhovan\u00e9 k odstran\u011bn\u00ed platformy:    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> RiscPC \u2014 nejstar\u0161\u00ed ze podporovan\u00fdch platforem v j\u00e1d\u0159e. Nen\u00ed podporov\u00e1na v GCC, po\u010d\u00ednaje v\u011btv\u00ed 9.x kv\u016fli odstran\u011bn\u00ed podpory ARMv3. Spr\u00e1vce st\u00e1le testuje funk\u010dnost j\u00e1dra na t\u00e9to platform\u011b, ale skute\u010dn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 z\u0159ejm\u011b ji\u017e neexistuj\u00ed, a tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt podpora ukon\u010dena v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ztr\u00e1ty z\u00e1jmu spr\u00e1vce.\n<li class=\"l\"> SA1100, Footbridge \u2014 zastaral\u00e9 platformy, udr\u017eovan\u00e9 snad jen z nostalgick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny soubory popisuj\u00edc\u00ed desky pro tyto platformy byly odstran\u011bny v j\u00e1d\u0159e 6.3, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze podpora za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ipaq h3600, assabet, netwinder a ebsa285. Ot\u00e1zka odstran\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na z\u00e1m\u011brech spr\u00e1vce.\n<li class=\"l\">  Gemini, Moxart \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed CPU na b\u00e1zi ARMv4. \u010cipy byly vyr\u00e1b\u011bny p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 lety, ale jejich podpora nevy\u017eaduje dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed v \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b, tak\u017ee nen\u00ed smysl je odstra\u0148ovat, dokud nebude odstran\u011bna platforma StrongARM.\n<li class=\"l\"> Soubory pro podporu PXA \u2014 platformy jsou v opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m stavu a vy\u0161ly z ob\u011bhu, pokud se z\u00e1jem nevr\u00e1t\u00ed, pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed je odstranit na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2025.\n<li class=\"l\"> OMAP1 \u2014 z jedn\u00e9 strany z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedinou platformou na b\u00e1zi ARMv4T\/ARMv5 bez podpory Device Tree a nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd posun k p\u0159echodu na Device Tree, ale na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b m\u00e1 platforma st\u00e1le u\u017eivatele.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nspire, AT91RM9200, CLPS711X, EP93xx, iMX1 \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed CPU na b\u00e1zi ARMv4T. Pracuje se na p\u0159evodu popis\u016f desek na Device Tree, ale smysl jejich podpory z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze, pokud z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 podpora ARMv5.\n<li class=\"l\"> OMAP24xx \u2014 jedin\u00e1 platforma na b\u00e1zi ARMv6, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 aktivn\u00ed u\u017eivatele. Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed podpory z\u00e1vis\u00ed na pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed podpory CPU arm1136r0.\n<li class=\"l\"> iMX31 \u2014 nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 informace o aktivn\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u00edch, ale nem\u00e1 smysl ji odstranit d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e OMAP2.\n<li class=\"l\"> S3C64xx (Cragganmore) \u2014 jedin\u00e1 platforma bez podpory Device Tree, postaven\u00e1 na b\u00e1zi ARMv6K. Platforma se st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed zvukov\u00fdch kodek\u016f, proto byla eliminace odlo\u017eena, dokud testov\u00e1n\u00ed nebude p\u0159evedeno na jinou desku.\n<li class=\"l\"> Orion5x, mv78xx0 \u2014 ot\u00e1zku odstran\u011bn\u00ed pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed zv\u00e1\u017eit na za\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku.\n<li class=\"l\"> iMX35, WM8750, AST2500, BCM2835 \u2014 jsou dob\u0159e podporov\u00e1ny a maj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed u\u017eivatele, eliminace moment\u00e1ln\u011b nen\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1na.\n<li class=\"l\"> stm32f4\/f7\/h7 \u2014 mikro\u0159adi\u010de bez MMU, podpora v j\u00e1d\u0159e pokra\u010duje a jsou aktivn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9. Ot\u00e1zku odstran\u011bn\u00ed pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed zv\u00e1\u017eit v roce 2026.    <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61641\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0410\u0440\u043d\u0434 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043c\u0430\u043d (Arnd Bergmann), \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432 SUSE, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 GCC \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 CPU ARM \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 ABI, \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 RFC, \u0442.\u0435. \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0410\u0440\u043d\u0434 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043c\u0430\u043d (Arnd Bergmann), \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432 SUSE, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 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