Bradley M. Kuhn, v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel a jeden ze zakladatel\u016f obh\u00e1jensk\u00e9 organizace Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), kritizoval ned\u00e1vno publikovan\u00e9 definici otev\u0159en\u00e9ho AI syst\u00e9mu (Open Source AI) organizac\u00ed OSI (Open Source Initiative). Podle Kuhna organizace OSI sp\u011bchala s publikac\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00e9 verze definice a schv\u00e1lila ji bez dlouh\u00e9 v\u0161estrann\u00e9 diskuse a v ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje t\u011bchto syst\u00e9m\u016f. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, definice Open Source byla p\u0159edlo\u017eena po mnoha letech \u00favah a diskus\u00ed. Co se t\u00fd\u010de zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 definice otev\u0159en\u00e9ho AI syst\u00e9mu, v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi by se m\u011blo \u0159\u00edkat sp\u00ed\u0161e doporu\u010den\u00ed ne\u017e definice. <\/p>\n
Kuhn se ob\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee v aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed podob\u011b p\u0159ijat\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria otev\u0159en\u00e9ho AI budou m\u00edt dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u016fsledky, podkopaj\u00ed autoritu term\u00ednu Open Source a povedou k rozd\u011blen\u00ed komunity. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee navzdory n\u00e1mitk\u00e1m se organizace OSI dohodla a nezahrnula po\u017eadavek na poskytnut\u00ed dat pou\u017eit\u00fdch k tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed modelu. D\u016fvodem kompromisu bylo, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho bodu by \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z existuj\u00edc\u00edch velk\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch model\u016f nez\u00edskal statut otev\u0159en\u00e9ho. <\/p>\n
Podle OSI definice otev\u0159en\u00e9ho AI syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00e1 zohled\u0148uje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed realitu, zabr\u00e1n\u00ed manipulaci v\u00fdrobc\u016f s term\u00ednem \u201eotev\u0159en\u00fd\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed v nejist\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch ozna\u010duj\u00ed modely za otev\u0159en\u00e9 pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b dostupnosti v\u00e1hov\u00fdch koeficient\u016f, i kdy\u017e licence na model omezuje oblast jej\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad mnoho model\u016f zakazuje pou\u017eit\u00ed v komer\u010dn\u00edch projektech) a nezve\u0159ej\u0148uje detaily implementace. <\/p>\n
V schv\u00e1len\u00e9 definici otev\u0159en\u00e9ho AI syst\u00e9mu od OSI je vy\u017eadov\u00e1no pouze poskytnut\u00ed podrobn\u00fdch informac\u00ed o pou\u017eit\u00fdch datech pro tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale ne samotn\u00fdch dat. P\u0159itom bez poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch dat, na kter\u00fdch byl model tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 pln\u011b reprodukovat AI syst\u00e9m, co\u017e je v rozporu s konceptem otev\u0159en\u00e9ho zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se organizace OSI omezila na posouzen\u00ed AI modelu pouze jako technologie a nepova\u017eovala je za celistv\u00fd produkt. <\/p>\n
Fakticky p\u0159ijat\u00e1 definice otev\u0159en\u00e9ho AI syst\u00e9mu zaru\u010duje pouze dv\u011b ze \u010dty\u0159 deklarovan\u00fdch svobod Open Source \u2014 mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a mo\u017enost distribuce, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mo\u017enosti m\u011bnit a zkoumat nejsou zcela zaji\u0161t\u011bny. Krom\u011b toho nedostatek zdrojov\u00fdch dat komplikuje identifikaci zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed backdoor\u016f do model\u016f strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Na druhou stranu je publikace zdrojov\u00fdch dat v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech nemo\u017en\u00e1 z d\u016fvod\u016f, kter\u00e9 nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i AI modelu, jako je pot\u0159eba zachov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011brnosti, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy, licencov\u00e1n\u00ed dat od t\u0159et\u00edch poskytovatel\u016f atd. Podle kritik\u016f p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho vymezen\u00ed nejsou podobn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my d\u016fvodem ke znehodnocen\u00ed a podce\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pojmu Open Source. <\/p>\n
Bradley Kuhn m\u00e1 v \u00famyslu \u00fa\u010dastnit se n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch voleb veden\u00ed OSI a pokusit se vstoupit do spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady, aby dos\u00e1hl zru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho vymezen\u00ed a jeho p\u0159eveden\u00ed mezi doporu\u010den\u00ed. Krom\u011b organizace Software Freedom Conservancy vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili nesouhlas s vymezen\u00edm otev\u0159en\u00e9ho AI n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i projektu Debian, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li s iniciativou uspo\u0159\u00e1dat obecn\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby p\u0159it\u00e1hli pozornost k probl\u00e9mu. Na sv\u00e9m vymezen\u00ed svobodn\u00e9ho AI syst\u00e9mu tak\u00e9 pracuje Fond SPO, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 v \u00famyslu zahrnout do sv\u00e9ho vymezen\u00ed po\u017eadavek na dostupnost v\u0161ech dat, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 existenci etick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, kter\u00e9 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed data zve\u0159ejnit (nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud p\u0159i \u0161kolen\u00ed byly pou\u017eity l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 \u010di osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje). \u0411\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438 \u041a\u0443\u043d (Bradley M. Kuhn), \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 OSI (Open Source Initiative) \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 AI-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b (Open Source AI). \u041f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u041a\u0443\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f OSI \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435 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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"