{"id":120593,"date":"2024-11-18T13:09:07","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T11:09:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-12-s-podderzhkoj-realtime-rezhima"},"modified":"2024-11-18T13:09:07","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T11:09:07","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-12-s-podderzhkoj-realtime-rezhima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-12-s-podderzhkoj-realtime-rezhima","title":{"rendered":"Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 6.12 s podporou Realtime re\u017eimu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje p\u0159edstavil Linus Torvalds vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 6.12. Mezi nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zm\u011bnami je mo\u017enost aktivace Realtime re\u017eimu, sched_ext pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010d\u016f CPU pomoc\u00ed eBPF, v\u00fdstup QR k\u00f3du p\u0159i havarijn\u00edch stavech, mechanismus Device Memory TCP, mechanismus rezervov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f SCHED_DEADLINE server, zlep\u0161en\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010de \u00faloh EEVDF a modul IPE pro stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed politik zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed integrity.        <\/p>\n<p>Do nov\u00e9 verze bylo p\u0159ijato 14607 opravy od 2167 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, velikost patche \u2014 37 MB (zm\u011bny se t\u00fdkaly 13087 soubor\u016f, p\u0159id\u00e1no 507913 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du, odstran\u011bno 234083 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f). V p\u0159edchoz\u00ed verzi bylo 15130 oprav od 2078 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, velikost patche \u2014 85 MB (v j\u00e1d\u0159e 6.10 byl patch velik\u00fd 41 MB). P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 45% v\u0161ech zm\u011bn p\u0159edstaven\u00fdch v 6.12 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ovlada\u010d\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, asi 12% zm\u011bn se vztahuje na aktualizaci k\u00f3du specifick\u00e9ho pro hardwarov\u00e9 architektury, 13% se t\u00fdk\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edku, 6% \u2014 souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a 3% s intern\u00edmi subsyst\u00e9my j\u00e1dra.      <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed novinky v j\u00e1d\u0159e 6.12:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u011b\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost sestavit j\u00e1dro s volbou PREEMPT_RT bez dodate\u010dn\u00fdch patch\u016f pro pr\u00e1ci v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. Posledn\u00ed chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017enost v j\u00e1d\u0159e, kter\u00e1 neumo\u017e\u0148ovala aktivaci re\u017eimu PREEMPT_RT, byla podpora neblokuj\u00edc\u00ed atomov\u00e9 v\u00fdstupy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm funkce printk, kter\u00e1 byla rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159ijata do j\u00e1dra. Podpora PREEMPT_RT je dostupn\u00e1 pro architektury x86, x86_64, ARM64 a RISC-V. Dosud byla implementace re\u017eimu PREEMPT_RT dod\u00e1v\u00e1na ve form\u011b extern\u00edch patch\u016f, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9 distribuce, jako je RHEL, SUSE a Ubuntu, vytv\u00e1\u0159ely samostatn\u00e9 Realtime edice sv\u00fdch produkt\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou po\u017eadov\u00e1ny v oblastech, jako jsou finan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zvuku a videa, letectv\u00ed, medic\u00edna, robotika, telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kde je t\u0159eba zajistit p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd \u010das zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n mechanismus \u201esched_ext\u201c (SCX), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat eBPF k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010d\u016f CPU, pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch prakticky v\u0161echny aspekty pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faloh a rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f CPU. Takov\u00e9 pl\u00e1nova\u010de mohou b\u00fdt dynamicky na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1ny a prov\u00e1d\u011bny uvnit\u0159 j\u00e1dra Linuxu. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroji\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4348\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroji<\/a> eBPF. Mechanismus sched_ext usnad\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010d\u016f specifick\u00fdch pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00fakoly, umo\u017e\u0148uje experimentovat s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi technikami a strategiemi pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a tak\u00e9 rychle vytv\u00e1\u0159et funk\u010dn\u00ed prototypy a m\u011bnit pl\u00e1nova\u010de za b\u011bhu v pracovn\u00edch infrastruktur\u00e1ch. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed sched_ext lze vytvo\u0159it pl\u00e1nova\u010d, kter\u00fd zohled\u0148uje specifika ur\u010dit\u00e9 aplikace a dynamicky m\u011bn\u00ed strategii pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00edho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na stavu syst\u00e9mu a dal\u0161\u00edch faktorech.\n<li class=\"l\"> Syst\u00e9m zahrnuje zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st patch\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro pr\u00e1ci mechanismu SCHED_DEADLINE server, kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m s nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00edm CPU zdroj\u016f b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm \u00faloh\u00e1m v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch monopolizace CPU vysoce prioritn\u00edmi (realtime) \u00falohami. Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo monopolizaci CPU, byl v j\u00e1d\u0159e d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n mechanismus Real-time throttling, kter\u00fd se sna\u017eil rezervovat 5% pro n\u00edzko prioritn\u00ed \u00falohy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e 95% \u010dasu bylo ur\u010deno pro realtime \u00falohy. Tento mechanismus zanechal mnoho p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo\u0165 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u00falohy v mnoha situac\u00edch nedost\u00e1valy procesorov\u00fd \u010das. SCHED_DEADLINE server implementuje efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mechanismus rezervace zdroj\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dokon\u010dena integrace pl\u00e1nova\u010de \u00faloh EEVDF (Earliest Eligible Virtual Deadline First), kter\u00fd nahradil pl\u00e1nova\u010d CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler), dod\u00e1van\u00fd od j\u00e1dra 2.6.23. Nov\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru dal\u0161\u00edho procesu pro p\u0159enos vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zohled\u0148uje procesy, kter\u00e9 nedostaly dostate\u010dn\u00e9 procesorov\u00e9 zdroje nebo z\u00edskaly nez\u00e1konn\u011b mnoho procesorov\u00e9ho \u010dasu. V prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se vynucuje p\u0159enos \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k procesu, zat\u00edmco ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se odkl\u00e1d\u00e1. Star\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d CFS pou\u017e\u00edval heuristiky a jemn\u00e9 \u00fapravy k ur\u010den\u00ed proces\u016f vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost, zat\u00edmco nov\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d je sleduje explicitn\u011bji a nevy\u017eaduje jemn\u00e9 dolad\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee EEVDF sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faloh, s nimi\u017e m\u011bl CFS probl\u00e9my s pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do obsluhy havarijn\u00edch situac\u00ed v j\u00e1d\u0159e \u2014 DRM Panic, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed subsyst\u00e9m DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) pro zobrazen\u00ed n\u00e1zorn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy ve stylu \u201emodr\u00e9 obrazovky smrti\u201c, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost zobrazit na obrazovce logo a QR k\u00f3d se zpr\u00e1vou kmsg p\u0159i vzniku havarijn\u00edho stavu. Proto\u017ee do QR k\u00f3du se vejde pouze 2953 bajt\u016f, byla zavedena volba DRM_PANIC_SCREEN_QR_CODE_URL, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 je zpr\u00e1va kmsg komprimov\u00e1na pomoc\u00ed zlib a p\u0159ipojena jako parametr k URL, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159en\u00e9st p\u0159es QR k\u00f3d V40 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 7500 bajt\u016f. P\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed bal\u00edk\u016f s j\u00e1drem mohou distribuce ur\u010dit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed odkaz pro URL, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed vytvo\u0159it p\u0159echod na str\u00e1nku pro hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o probl\u00e9mu. Pro v\u00fdb\u011br form\u00e1tu QR k\u00f3du je k dispozici nastaven\u00ed DRM_PANIC_SCREEN_QR_VERSION.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ARM POE (Permission Overlay Extension), kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje nastavovat pr\u00e1va p\u0159\u00edstupu k oblastem pam\u011bti. Pomoc\u00ed tohoto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na syst\u00e9mech s procesory ARM64 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1n mechanismus Memory Protection Keys, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k str\u00e1nk\u00e1m pam\u011bti bez zm\u011bny tabulky str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architektury Loongarch, ARM64, PowerPC a s390 byla p\u0159evedena implementace syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed getrandom(), optimalizovan\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed mechanismu vDSO (virtual dynamic shared object), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159esunout zpracovatele syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed z j\u00e1dra do prostoru u\u017eivatele a vyhnout se p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kontextu. Optimalizace umo\u017e\u0148uje a\u017e 15n\u00e1sobn\u00e9 urychlen\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu asynchronn\u00edho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu io_uring byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed absolutn\u00edch \u010dasov\u00fdch limit\u016f, kter\u00e9 se aktivuj\u00ed p\u0159i dosa\u017een\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho \u010dasu na syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch (d\u0159\u00edve mohly b\u00fdt nastavov\u00e1ny pouze relativn\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e9 limity, ve kter\u00fdch byla ur\u010dena d\u00e9lka od za\u010d\u00e1tku operace).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny soubory pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed binding\u016f pro knihovnu libcpupower pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje SWIG, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et bindingy z k\u00f3du v C\/C++ pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 programovac\u00ed jazyky. Bindingy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et skripty v Pythonu a dal\u0161\u00edch jazyc\u00edch a pou\u017e\u00edvat je pro roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed funkcionality knihovny libcpupower, kter\u00e1 poskytuje API pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed cpufreq a ovlada\u010d\u016f z prostoru u\u017eivatele.\n<li class=\"l\"> V utilit\u011b cpuidle byla implementov\u00e1na zobrazovac\u00ed hodnota stavu ne\u010dinnosti \u201eresidency\u201c, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 pro realtime syst\u00e9my a zohled\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed dobu, kterou procesor mus\u00ed str\u00e1vit v ne\u010dinnosti, aby ospravedlnil n\u00e1klady na energii spojen\u00e9 s p\u0159echodem do tohoto stavu a n\u00e1vratem z n\u011bj.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159eklada\u010de Clang pro sestaven\u00ed standardn\u00ed C knihovny nolibc, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zdrojov\u00fdch text\u016f j\u00e1dra Linux a poskytuje ob\u00e1lku nad z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi syst\u00e9mov\u00fdmi vol\u00e1n\u00edmi. P\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed nolibc pomoc\u00ed Clang je povoleno pou\u017eit\u00ed optimalizace v pr\u016fb\u011bhu linkov\u00e1n\u00ed (LTO).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u011bkter\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed cgroup1, jako je \u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed TCP, prvn\u00ed verze jemn\u00fdch limit\u016f (soft limit) a spr\u00e1va vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed voln\u00e9 pam\u011bti, byly ozna\u010deny jako zastaral\u00e9. Podpora uveden\u00fdch funkc\u00ed zat\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pln\u011b zachov\u00e1na a varov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo vyd\u00e1no pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed po\u010dtu u\u017eivatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed tyto mo\u017enosti st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost nastavit kruhov\u00fd buffer sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pro uchov\u00e1n\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch dat po restartu, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed neztratit nasb\u00edran\u00e9 ladic\u00ed informace v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b havarijn\u00edho ukon\u010den\u00ed j\u00e1dra. Data jsou uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na v pam\u011bti. Aktivace se prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159es parametr p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky j\u00e1dra trace_instance, nap\u0159\u00edklad nastaven\u00ed \u201etrace_instance=boot_map@0x285400000:12M\u201c rezervuje 12 MB pam\u011bti na adrese 0x285400000 pro buffer \u201eboot_map\u201c, kter\u00fd bude dostupn\u00fd p\u0159es soubor \/sys\/kernel\/tracing\/instances\/boot_map.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje p\u0159enos zm\u011bn z v\u011btve Rust-for-Linux, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed jazyka Rust jako druh\u00e9ho jazyka pro v\u00fdvoj ovlada\u010d\u016f a modul\u016f j\u00e1dra (podpora Rust nen\u00ed ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed aktivn\u00ed a nezp\u016fsobuje za\u0159azen\u00ed Rust mezi povinn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti pro sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra). Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny moduly 'list' a 'rbtree' pro pr\u00e1ci s oboustrann\u00fdmi spojov\u00fdmi seznamy a \u010derveno-\u010dern\u00fdmi stromy. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny funkce modul\u016f 'init', 'sync', 'types' a 'error'. Byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed k\u00f3du v Rust p\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra s ochranou proti \u00fatok\u016fm Spectre (volby MITIGATION_{RETHUNK, RETPOLINE, SLS}), pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ladic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu KASAN, mechanismy ochrany kCFI (kernel Control Flow Integrity) a Shadow Call, a tak\u00e9 p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch plugin\u016f GCC. Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n ovlada\u010d pro Ethernetov\u00fd ovlada\u010d Applied Micro QT2025 PHY, napsan\u00fd v Rust. Byla p\u0159ipravena samostatn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka s dokumentac\u00ed \u2014 rust.docs.kernel.org.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do zdrojov\u00fdch text\u016f j\u00e1dra byla p\u0159id\u00e1na utilita xdrgen pro p\u0159evod XDR specifikac\u00ed (eXternal Data Representation) na funkce pro k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed a dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed XDR, napsan\u00e9 ve stylu C p\u0159ijat\u00e9m v j\u00e1dru Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do j\u00e1dra byla p\u0159ijata zm\u011bna s realizac\u00ed mechanismu maskov\u00e1n\u00ed ukazatel\u016f, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eil po\u010det pomal\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed barrier_nospec() v 64bitov\u00e9 funkci copy_from_user(), pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k p\u0159enosu dat do j\u00e1dra z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru. Pou\u017eit\u00ed maskov\u00e1n\u00ed zrychluje o 2,6% pr\u016fchod testem \u201eper_thread_ops\u201c, kter\u00fd hodnot\u00ed po\u010det operac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze prov\u00e9st v jednom vl\u00e1kn\u011b.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd USB ovlada\u010d, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat protokol 9pfs jako transport pro p\u0159enos a p\u0159\u00edjem dat z USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159i montov\u00e1n\u00ed souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu 9p p\u0159es USB (nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201emount -t 9p -o trans=usbg,aname=\/path\/to\/fs  \/mnt\/9\u201c). Jako p\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00e9ho ovlada\u010de je uvedeno jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed m\u00edsto NFS pro organizaci zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji vestav\u011bn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, vstup\/v\u00fdstup a souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu VFS byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost pr\u00e1ce s \u00falo\u017en\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi, jejich\u017e velikost blok\u016f je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e velikost pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky v syst\u00e9mu. V souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech je tato mo\u017enost zat\u00edm podporov\u00e1na pouze v XFS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu FUSE, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed implementac\u00ed souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora mapov\u00e1n\u00ed identifik\u00e1tor\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, pou\u017eit\u00e9ho k p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed soubor\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele na p\u0159ipojen\u00e9m ciz\u00edm odd\u00edle k jin\u00e9mu u\u017eivateli v aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm syst\u00e9mu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla implementov\u00e1na nov\u00e1 fcntl operace F_CREATED_QUERY, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje aplikaci zjistit, zda byl soubor, otev\u0159en\u00fd pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaku O_CREAT, vytvo\u0159en, nebo zda ji\u017e existoval p\u0159edt\u00edm.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed name_to_handle_at() byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed unik\u00e1tn\u00edch 64bitov\u00fdch identifik\u00e1tor\u016f bod\u016f p\u0159ipojen\u00ed pro vylou\u010den\u00ed stavu z\u00e1vodu p\u0159i anal\u00fdze \/proc\/mountinfo.\n<li class=\"l\"> Velikost struktury &#171;file&#187; j\u00e1dra byla zmen\u0161ena z 232 na 184 bajt\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu pam\u011bti na syst\u00e9mech, kter\u00e9 aktivn\u011b pracuj\u00ed se soubory.\n<li class=\"l\"> Je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no p\u0159ipojov\u00e1n\u00ed souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f k bod\u016fm p\u0159ipojen\u00ed uvnit\u0159 hierarchie \/proc, nap\u0159\u00edklad do \/proc\/PID\/fd, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159elo potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed probl\u00e9my.\n<li class=\"l\"> V pseudo-FS NSFS (NameSpace FS), pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro pr\u00e1ci s prostory n\u00e1zv\u016f, byla implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00fdch informac\u00ed o prostorech n\u00e1zv\u016f bod\u016f p\u0159ipojen\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu EROFS (Extendable Read-Only File System), kter\u00fd je ur\u010den k pou\u017eit\u00ed na odd\u00edlech p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed, se objevila podpora p\u0159ipojen\u00ed souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo z diskov\u00fdch obraz\u016f ulo\u017een\u00fdch ve form\u011b soubor\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> V XFS byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 ioctl p\u0159\u00edkazy XFS_IOC_START_COMMIT a XFS_IOC_COMMIT_RANGE pro v\u00fdm\u011bnu obsahu mezi dv\u011bma soubory.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do NFS byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora protokolu &#171;LOCALIO&#187;, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010dit, zda se klient a <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">server<\/a> NFS nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na stejn\u00e9m hostiteli, aby se uskute\u010dnily odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed optimalizace.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu Btrfs byly navr\u017eeny optimalizace v\u00fdkonu, provedeno refaktoring k\u00f3du, zkr\u00e1cena oblast zamyk\u00e1n\u00ed extents p\u0159i operac\u00edch \u010dten\u00ed, pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ce na p\u0159echodu na pou\u017eit\u00ed list\u016f str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (page folios), byla implementov\u00e1na automatick\u00e1 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed pam\u011bti pro strukturu btrfs_path.\n<li class=\"l\"> V souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu Ext4 byly odstran\u011bny chyby souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s alokac\u00ed blok\u016f, spr\u00e1vou extent\u016f, mechanismem &#171;fast commit&#187; a \u017eurn\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00edm.                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizace a bezpe\u010dnost<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n modul LSM IPE (Integrity Policy Enforcement), vyvinut\u00fd spole\u010dnost\u00ed Microsoft pro roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9mu mandatorn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy p\u0159\u00edstupu. Modul umo\u017e\u0148uje stanovit celkovou politiku zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed integrity pro cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00e1 ur\u010duje, jak\u00e9 operace jsou povolen\u00e9 a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem by m\u011bly b\u00fdt ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1ny komponenty. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed IPE lze ur\u010dit, kter\u00e9 spustiteln\u00e9 soubory mohou b\u00fdt spou\u0161t\u011bny s ohledem na ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jejich shody s referen\u010dn\u00ed verz\u00ed pomoc\u00ed kryptografick\u00fdch hash\u016f poskytovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mem dm-verity.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve f\u00e1zi kompilace j\u00e1dra byla zavedena mo\u017enost odd\u011blen\u00e9ho zapnut\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch metod ochrany proti r\u016fzn\u00fdm zranitelnostem t\u0159\u00eddy Spectre v CPU. V Kconfig byly navr\u017eeny nov\u00e9 parametry: MITIGATE_MDS (ochrana proti zranitelnosti Microarchitectural Data Sampling), MITIGATE_TAA (ochrana proti zranitelnosti TSX Asynchronous Abort), MITIGATE_MMIO_STALE_DATA (ochrana proti zranitelnosti MMIO Stale Data), MITIGATE_L1TF (ochrana proti zranitelnosti L1 Terminal Fault), MITIGATE_RETBLEED (ochrana proti zranitelnosti Retbleed), MITIGATE_SPECTRE_V1, MITIGATE_SPECTRE_V2 (ochrana proti zranitelnostem Spectre), MITIGATE_SRBDS (ochrana proti zranitelnosti Special Register Buffer Data Sampling), MITIGATE_SSB (ochrana proti zranitelnosti Speculative Store Bypass).\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n parametr p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku proc_mem.force_override a sada konfigura\u010dn\u00edch nastaven\u00ed v Kconfig (PROC_MEM_FORCE_ALWAYS, PROC_MEM_FORCE_PTRACE a PROC_MEM_FORCE_NEVER), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zak\u00e1zat zm\u011bnu pam\u011bti prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \/proc\/pid\/mem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podsystem LSM (Linux security module) byl p\u0159eveden na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed statick\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e pos\u00edlilo bezpe\u010dnost a zv\u00fd\u0161ilo v\u00fdkon.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed standardn\u00edch jader pro architekturu ARM64 v hostitelsk\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch na syst\u00e9m\u016f Android s modifikovan\u00fdm hypervizorem KVM (protected KVM).\n<li class=\"l\"> V modulu LSM Landlock, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje omezit interakci skupiny proces\u016f s vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm, byla implementov\u00e1na koncepce &#171;IPC scoping&#187; pro selektivn\u00ed omezen\u00ed interakce se sandboxov\u00fdmi prost\u0159ed\u00edmi pomoc\u00ed Unixov\u00fdch soket\u016f a sign\u00e1l\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad lze zak\u00e1zat navazov\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed Unixov\u00fdch soket\u016f ze sandboxov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed k proces\u016fm, na kter\u00e9 se nevztahuje izolace, ale povolit spojen\u00ed s procesy ve stejn\u00e9 oblasti scope.\n<li class=\"l\"> V hypervizoru KVM byl do CPUID pro hostitelsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my p\u0159id\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edznak, kter\u00fd signalizuje podporu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed AVX10.1.            <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n mechanismus Device Memory TCP, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch soket\u016f pro p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu pam\u011bti perifern\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159es s\u00ed\u0165 (re\u017eim zero-copy) a p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed obsahu s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch paket\u016f do pam\u011bti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na stran\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemce. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 data v paketech se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo z s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 karty do pam\u011bti perifern\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nebo z pam\u011bti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed do s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 karty, obch\u00e1zej\u00ed CPU, zat\u00edmco hlavi\u010dky paket\u016f kon\u010d\u00ed v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch j\u00e1drov\u00fdch bufferech.\n<li class=\"l\"> Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny mo\u017enosti mnoha Ethernetov\u00fdch a bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, v ovlada\u010di Intel iwlwifi byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro p\u0159esun operac\u00ed RLC\/SMPS na stranu firmwaru, v ovlada\u010di RealTek rtw89 byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena v\u00fdkonnost a p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora \u010dip\u016f RTL8852BT\/8852BE-VT (WiFi 6), v Ethernetov\u00e9m ovlada\u010di microchip byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora specifikac\u00ed IEEE 802.3bw (100BASE-T1) a IEEE 802.3bp, byly vylep\u0161eny implementace virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch Ethernet Microsoft vNIC a IBM veth. Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 ovlada\u010de pro Ethernetov\u00e9 \u010dipy Realtek RTL9054, RTL9068, RTL9072, RTL9075, RTL9068, RTL9071 a Microchip LAN8650\/1 10BASE-T1S MAC-PHY.\n<li class=\"l\"> V MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed protokolu TCP pro organizaci dod\u00e1vky TCP paket\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159es n\u011bkolik tras r\u016fzn\u00fdmi s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdmi rozhran\u00edmi, byl zv\u00fd\u0161en velikost pou\u017eit\u00fdch v\u00e1hov\u00fdch koeficient\u016f p\u0159i routov\u00e1n\u00ed z 8 na 16 bit\u016f. Byla implementov\u00e1na detekce ztracen\u00e9ho (blackhole) provozu a do\u010dasn\u00e9 pozastaven\u00ed pokus\u016f o nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed se syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 vedou ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b provozu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro IPv6 byla implementov\u00e1na podpora p\u0159\u00edznaku &#171;p&#187; v PIO (Prefix Information Option), pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho v ozn\u00e1men\u00edch RA (IPv6 Router Advertisements) pro v\u00fdb\u011br modelu nasazen\u00ed klient\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm DHCPv6-PD (DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation, RFC9663) nam\u00edsto p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch adres na z\u00e1klad\u011b prefix\u016f pomoc\u00ed SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration). V IPv6 IOAM6 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora nov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu enkapsulace tunsrc, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje dos\u00e1hnout vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena v\u00fdkonnost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch paket\u016f IPsec.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena v\u00fdkonnost vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed (flush) velk\u00fdch sad pravidel nftables. V nfnetlink_queue byla vylep\u0161ena podpora protokolu SCTP.\n<li class=\"l\"> V API ethtool byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed n\u011bkolika s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch karet k jednomu s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9mu rozhran\u00ed.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Hardware<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di AMDGPU pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ce na implementaci podpory GPU AMD RDNA4 (&#171;GFX12&#187;). Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost resetov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch front \u00faloh bez resetov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu cel\u00e9ho GPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ce na drm ovlada\u010di (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe pro GPU na b\u00e1zi architektury Intel Xe, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve grafick\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch Intel rodiny Arc a integrovan\u00e9 grafice, po\u010d\u00ednaje procesory Tiger Lake. Nov\u00e1 verze zahrnuje podporu GPU zalo\u017een\u00fdch na mikroarchitektur\u00e1ch Battlemage a Lunar Lake. P\u0159edstavena byla podpora modifik\u00e1tor\u016f CCS (Color Control Surface) Xe2 pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed parametr\u016f integrovan\u00fdch a diskr\u00e9tn\u00edch GPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di i915 byla implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost v\u00fdstupu p\u0159es rozhran\u00ed HWMON nebo sysfs (atribut &#171;fan1_input&#187;) informace o rychlosti ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed ventil\u00e1toru. Parametr &#171;i915.modeset&#187; byl ozna\u010den jako zastaral\u00fd, m\u00edsto &#171;i915.modeset=0&#187; by se m\u011bl pou\u017e\u00edvat parametr &#171;i915.nomodeset&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM ovlada\u010di msm (GPU Qualcomm Adreno) byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora GPU A615, A306 a A621.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di Nouveau do\u0161lo k p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00faklidu vnit\u0159n\u00edch struktur.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di intel_pstate, kter\u00fd spravuje parametry spot\u0159eby energie (P-state) na syst\u00e9mech s procesory Intel, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora hybridn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f s asymetrick\u00fdmi (li\u0161\u00edc\u00edmi se ve vlastnostech) CPU, a tak\u00e9 podpora \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spot\u0159eby procesor\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na mikroarchitektur\u00e1ch Granite Rapids a Sierra Forest. V ovlada\u010di intel_idle byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora CPU Xeon Granite Rapids. V ovlada\u010di intel_rapl bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed proces\u016f AMD rodu 1Ah a procesor\u016f Intel ArrowLake-U.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje implementace zm\u011bn pro podporu ARM SoC Snapdragon X Elite, ve kter\u00e9m se nach\u00e1z\u00ed vlastn\u00ed 12-j\u00e1drov\u00fd CPU Qualcomm Oryon a GPU Qualcomm Adreno. \u010cip je c\u00edlen na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v notebooc\u00edch a PC a v mnoha v\u00fdkonnostn\u00edch testech p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed \u010dipy Apple M3 a Intel Core Ultra 155H.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora ARM platforem, SoC a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: Broadcom bcm2712 (Raspberry Pi 5), Renesas R9A09G057 (RZ\/V2H), Qualcomm Snapdragon 414 (MSM8929), Lenovo ThinkPad T14s Gen 6, Lenovo A6000\/A6010, Surface Laptop 7, Anbernic RG35XXSP, Firefly Core-PX30-JD4, Lunzn Fastrhino R68S, Aspeed Riser, AGX Orin, Rockchip Qnap-TS433, Huashan Pi, Meta Catalina, BeagleY-AI, NanoPi R2S Plus, ExynosAuto v920, SOPHGO SG2002, Qualcomm IPQ5332, LG G4 (h815), Cool Pi CM5 GenBook, Anbernic RG35XXSP, GameForce Ace, IBM P11, Kontron i.MX93 OSM-S, NanoPC-T6.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora displejov\u00fdch panel\u016f Anbernic RG28XX, On Tat Industrial Company KD50G21-40NT-A1, Innolux G070ACE-LH3, Melfas lmfbx101117480, Densitron DMT028VGHMCMI-1D, Microchip AC40T08A, AOU B116XTN02.3, AUO B116XAN06.1, AOU B116XAT04.1, BOE TV101WUM-LL2, BOE NV140WUM-N41, BOE NV133WUM-N63, BOE NV116WHM-A4D, BOE NE140WUM-N6G, CMN N116BCA-EA2, CMN N116BCP-EA2, CSW MNB601LS1-4, Starry er88577.\n<li class=\"l\"> V zvukov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora \u010dip\u016f a kodek\u016f RME Digiface USB, AMD ACP 7.1, Mediatek MT6367, MT8365, Realtek RTL1320, C-Media CM9825. Star\u00e9 zvukov\u00e9 ovlada\u010de pro ASoC Intel byly prohl\u00e1\u0161eny za zastaral\u00e9, m\u00edsto kter\u00fdch se doporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvat ovlada\u010de AVS. Bylo provedeno mnoho vylep\u0161en\u00ed v ovlada\u010di SoundWire.      <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62243\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.12. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Realtime-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430, sched_ext \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 CPU \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 eBPF, \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 QR-\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c Device Memory TCP, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 SCHED_DEADLINE server, \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 EEVDF, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c IPE \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 14607 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 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