{"id":121385,"date":"2025-01-17T15:46:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-17T13:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/obhod-diskovogo-shifrovaniya-ispolzuyushhego-tpm2-dlya-avtomaticheskoj-razblokirovki"},"modified":"2025-01-17T15:46:00","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T13:46:00","slug":"obhod-diskovogo-shifrovaniya-ispolzuyushhego-tpm2-dlya-avtomaticheskoj-razblokirovki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/obhod-diskovogo-shifrovaniya-ispolzuyushhego-tpm2-dlya-avtomaticheskoj-razblokirovki","title":{"rendered":"Obch\u00e1zen\u00ed \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed disku pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edho TPM2 pro automatick\u00e9 odem\u010den\u00ed","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jeden z doprovodn\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f v NixOS p\u0159edstavil techniku \u00fatoku, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm na za\u0161ifrovan\u00fdch diskov\u00fdch odd\u00edlech v konfigurac\u00edch nevy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch zad\u00e1n\u00ed odemykac\u00edho hesla p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed d\u00edky ulo\u017een\u00ed informac\u00ed pro de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed v TPM2 (Trusted Platform Module). Tyto konfigurace se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na serverech nebo v\u00edcero pracovn\u00ed stanice, kde je problematick\u00e9 manu\u00e1ln\u011b zad\u00e1vat heslo po ka\u017ed\u00e9m restartu.     <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed podobn\u00e9 metody \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed disk\u016f se de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho kl\u00ed\u010de, kter\u00fd je ulo\u017een v TPM a je vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n pouze po potvrzen\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu syst\u00e9mu. Stav syst\u00e9mu se uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 ve form\u011b hash\u016f v registrech PCR (Platform Configuration Register) a je v\u00e1z\u00e1n na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podpis, kter\u00fdm je podeps\u00e1n zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed program, stejn\u011b jako na kontroln\u00ed sou\u010dty zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edho programu a po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (initrd). P\u0159\u00edstup k kl\u00ed\u010di v TPM je poskytov\u00e1n pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e jsou v\u0161echny v\u00e1zan\u00e9 registry PCR ve stejn\u00e9m stavu, jako p\u0159i ulo\u017een\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de.        <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee \u0159et\u011bzec na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed UEFI Secure Boot a p\u0159\u00edstup k kl\u00ed\u010d\u016fm lze z\u00edskat pouze z nemodifikovan\u00e9ho obrazu initrd. P\u0159i \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 kontrole se disk automaticky odemkne, ale p\u0159\u00edstup k de\u0161ifrovan\u00fdm dat\u016fm je mo\u017en\u00fd pouze po p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed do sv\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu v syst\u00e9mu. P\u0159i pokusu o p\u0159\u00edstup bez ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nebo p\u0159i pokusu o nahrazen\u00ed \u010di zm\u011bnu initrd s c\u00edlem zachytit kl\u00ed\u010de bude d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec naru\u0161en, stav registr\u016f PCR se zm\u011bn\u00ed a TPM2 neposkytne informace pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed.      <\/p>\n<p>Publikovan\u00e1 metoda \u00fatoku umo\u017e\u0148uje obej\u00edt se bez zm\u011bny obsahu initrd v konfigurac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 neidentifikuj\u00ed \u0161ifrovan\u00e9 LUKS odd\u00edly. Je zaznamen\u00e1no, \u017ee zahrnut\u00ed takov\u00e9to kontroly odd\u00edl\u016f nen\u00ed pops\u00e1no ve v\u0161ech nalezen\u00fdch instrukc\u00edch pro konfiguraci diskov\u00e9ho \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee identifikace odd\u00edlu v\u00fdrazn\u011b komplikuje konfiguraci (vy\u017eaduje zapojen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho registru PCR pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de odd\u00edlu a generaci initrd s ohledem na jeho hodnotu). P\u0159\u00edklady proveden\u00ed \u00fatoku byly demonstrov\u00e1ny pro Fedora Linux v kombinaci s n\u00e1strojem clevis a pro NixOS v kombinaci s systemd-cryptenroll. Pro proveden\u00ed \u00fatoku je pot\u0159ebn\u00fd fyzick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k po\u010d\u00edta\u010di a mo\u017enost vyjmut\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b.     <\/p>\n<p>Metoda vych\u00e1z\u00ed z toho, \u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee nahradit existuj\u00edc\u00ed ko\u0159enov\u00fd \u0161ifrovan\u00fd odd\u00edl vlastn\u00edm za\u0161ifrovan\u00fdm odd\u00edlem, vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm se stejn\u00fdm UUID identifik\u00e1torem a zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi kl\u00ed\u010di pro de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed. Prost\u0159ed\u00ed initrd p\u0159evede \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na init proces v odd\u00edlu \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee obsah initrd nebyl zm\u011bn\u011bn, stav TPM nebude naru\u0161en a kdy\u017e z\u00edsk\u00e1 kontrolu ve sv\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk pou\u017e\u00edt TPM pro de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de p\u016fvodn\u00edho diskov\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu.     <\/p>\n<p>\u00datok spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch kroc\u00edch:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Vyjmut\u00ed disku a proveden\u00ed anal\u00fdzy nez\u0161ifrovan\u00fdch dat na jin\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010di v odd\u00edlu \/boot. Ur\u010den\u00ed informac\u00ed o \u0161ifrovan\u00e9m odd\u00edlu a jeho UUID identifik\u00e1toru z initrd obrazu, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho se v odd\u00edlu \/boot.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1lohy prvn\u00edch 64MB \u0161ifrovan\u00e9ho LUKS odd\u00edlu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nahrazen\u00ed uveden\u00fdch 64MB obrazem s vlastn\u00edm ko\u0159enov\u00fdm odd\u00edlem, za\u0161ifrovan\u00fdm s pou\u017eit\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de a maj\u00edc\u00edm UUID identifik\u00e1tor jako star\u00fd odd\u00edl.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vr\u00e1tit disk do p\u016fvodn\u00edho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a spustit se zam\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdm ko\u0159enov\u00fdm odd\u00edlem. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee automatick\u00e9 odemknut\u00ed podle kl\u00ed\u010de z TPM pro zam\u011bn\u011bn\u00fd odd\u00edl kon\u010d\u00ed ne\u00fasp\u011bchem, initrd vyvol\u00e1 po\u017eadavek na ru\u010dn\u00ed zad\u00e1n\u00ed hesla.\n<li class=\"l\"> Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho kl\u00ed\u010de z TPM pomoc\u00ed metadat o TPM a za\u0161ifrovan\u00e9ho tokenu z LUKS hlavi\u010dky star\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159esun disku do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka, obnoven\u00ed p\u0159epsan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti LUKS odd\u00edlu ze z\u00e1lohy a pou\u017eit\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00e9ho p\u016fvodn\u00edho kl\u00ed\u010de pro p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm.  <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62574\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0432 NixOS \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0435, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432 TPM2 (Trusted Platform Module) \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0432 NixOS \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b 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