{"id":121428,"date":"2025-01-20T15:46:03","date_gmt":"2025-01-20T13:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-13"},"modified":"2025-01-20T15:46:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T13:46:03","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-13","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 6.13","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje p\u0159edstavil Linus Torvalds vyd\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 6.13. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny pat\u0159\u00ed: re\u017eim leniv\u00e9ho odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v pl\u00e1nova\u010di \u00faloh, podpora atomick\u00fdch z\u00e1pis\u016f v XFS a Ext4, mechanismus \u201emultigrain timestamps\u201c, adaptivn\u00ed re\u017eim zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed polling v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 subsyst\u00e9mu, mo\u017enost sestaven\u00ed s optimalizacemi AutoFDO, podpora mechanismu ochrany ARM65 Guarded Control Stack, izolace virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f pomoc\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ARM CCA, odd\u011blen\u00e9 z\u00e1sobn\u00edky v BPF, odstran\u011bn\u00ed ReiserFS, ovlada\u010d virtual-cpufreq, netlink API net-shaper, re\u017eim p\u0159ipojen\u00ed tmpfs s ohledem na velikost p\u00edsmen a podpora POSIX roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v SMB3, ovlada\u010d AMD Cache Optimizer.      <\/p>\n<p>Do nov\u00e9 verze bylo p\u0159ijato 14172 oprav od 2086 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, velikost patche je 46 MB (zm\u011bny se dotkly 15375 soubor\u016f, p\u0159id\u00e1no bylo 598707 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du, odstran\u011bno 406294 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f). V p\u0159edchoz\u00edm vyd\u00e1n\u00ed bylo 14607 oprav od 2167 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, velikost patche byla 37 MB. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 52% v\u0161ech uveden\u00fdch zm\u011bn v 6.13 se vztahuje na ovlada\u010de za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 13% zm\u011bn se t\u00fdk\u00e1 aktualizace k\u00f3du specifick\u00e9ho pro hardwarov\u00e9 architektury, 11% souvis\u00ed se s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdm stackem, 4% s \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u00fdmi \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 a 3% s intern\u00edmi subsyst\u00e9my j\u00e1dra.        <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed novinky v j\u00e1dru 6.13:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, vstup\/v\u00fdstup a souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n mechanismus \u201emultigrain timestamps\u201c, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edsk\u00e1vat informace o \u010dase zm\u011bny nebo p\u0159\u00edstupu k soubor\u016fm s p\u0159esnost\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e milisekunda, ani\u017e by to m\u011blo negativn\u00ed dopad na v\u00fdkon. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159esnosti zna\u010dek vede k dodate\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm v d\u016fsledku zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 intenzity z\u00e1pisu metadat na disk, proto ve navrhovan\u00e9 implementaci jsou p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zna\u010dky vytv\u00e1\u0159eny pouze pro ty soubory, pro kter\u00e9 jsou procesy vy\u017eaduj\u00ed takov\u00e9 zna\u010dky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vol\u00e1n\u00ed getattr().\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora atomick\u00fdch z\u00e1pisov\u00fdch operac\u00ed, p\u0159i nich\u017e se z\u00e1pis dat, jejich\u017e velikost p\u0159esahuje velikost sektoru, prov\u00e1d\u00ed atomicky na \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, kter\u00e1 tuto mo\u017enost poskytuj\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je atomick\u00fd z\u00e1pis realizov\u00e1n pro XFS, Ext4 v re\u017eimu O_DIRECT (Direct I\/O) a md RAID 0\/1\/10.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl navr\u017een nov\u00fd mechanismus po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed odkaz\u016f pro soubory, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu o 3-5 % p\u0159i pracovn\u00edch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00edch s v\u00edce ne\u017e 255 vl\u00e1kny.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla odstran\u011bna implementace souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ReiserFS, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ed dv\u011bma lety vyhl\u00e1\u0161en jako zastaral\u00fd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n sysctl parameter \u201efs.dentry-negative\u201c pro nastaven\u00ed politiky \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1znam\u016f \u201edentry\u201c (intern\u00ed reprezentace polo\u017eek adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f) v VFS po odstran\u011bn\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch soubor\u016f. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 typy z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee je optim\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed uchov\u00e1vat takov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o odstran\u011bn\u00fdch souborech, zat\u00edmco pro jin\u00e9 je v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je odstra\u0148ovat, proto je v j\u00e1d\u0159e poskytnuta mo\u017enost v\u00fdb\u011bru (ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed \u201edentry\u201c se automaticky neodstra\u0148uj\u00ed).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed statmount() byl p\u0159id\u00e1n flag STATMOUNT_OPT_ARRAY k vracen\u00ed seznamu mo\u017enost\u00ed souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu jako pole \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f, kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch nulov\u00fdm znakem a bez pou\u017eit\u00ed escapov\u00e1n\u00ed &#171;&#092;000&#187;. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora vracet podtyp FS (fs_subtype, pro ur\u010den\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed FUSE), mo\u017enosti bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a zdrojov\u00fd superblok (sb_source).\n<li class=\"l\"> V OverlayFS byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost specifikace vrstev prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm popisova\u010d\u016f soubor\u016f, nikoli n\u00e1zv\u016f cest k soubor\u016fm.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu tmpfs byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost p\u0159ipojen\u00ed &#171;casefold&#187; pro pr\u00e1ci bez ohledu na velikost p\u00edsmen a mo\u017enost &#171;strict_encoding&#187; pro zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed soubor\u016f s n\u00e1zvy obsahuj\u00edc\u00edmi neplatn\u00e9 znaky UTF-8.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl navr\u017een nov\u00fd soubor syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed pro spr\u00e1vu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch atribut\u016f soubor\u016f: setxattrat(), getxattrat(), listxattrat() a removexattrat(). Na rozd\u00edl od syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed setxattr(), getxattr(), listxattr() a removexattr() nov\u00e9 varianty vy\u017eaduj\u00ed ur\u010den\u00ed popisova\u010de souboru adres\u00e1\u0159e, v\u016f\u010di kter\u00e9mu se prov\u00e1d\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed cesty k souboru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do Btrfs byla p\u0159id\u00e1na ioctl operace BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_SYNC_WAIT, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na dokon\u010den\u00ed vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podsvazk\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e1d\u011bt p\u0159\u00edkaz &#171;btrfs subvolume sync&#187; nep\u0159ihla\u0161ovan\u00e9mu u\u017eivateli, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k ioctl SEARCH_TREE (u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v aplikac\u00edch z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vy\u010distily podsvazky). Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na ioctl operace ENCODED_READ pro \u010dten\u00ed p\u0159es io_uring zak\u00f3dovan\u00fdch dat, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed komprimovan\u00fdch extents bez dekomprese. Pokra\u010dovalo se v pr\u00e1ci na p\u0159echodu na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed svazk\u016f str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (page folios). Byla sn\u00ed\u017eena occurrence blokuj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1mk\u016f (&#171;lock contention&#187;) p\u0159i vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vestav\u011bn\u00fdch zp\u011btn\u00fdch odkaz\u016f a p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu buffery extents. Byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena efektivita komprese mapy extents.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu EROFS (Roz\u0161i\u0159iteln\u00fd pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m), ur\u010den\u00e9m pro pou\u017eit\u00ed na odd\u00edlech p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed, byla zavedena mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed v syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m vol\u00e1n\u00ed lseek() voleb SEEK_HOLE a SEEK_DATA.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do F2FS byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora odr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (&#171;device aliasing&#187;), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje do\u010dasn\u011b rezervovat oblast v F2FS pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti blokov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v jin\u00e9m FS. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed extern\u00ed operace lze rezervovanou oblast vr\u00e1tit do F2FS. Nap\u0159\u00edklad lze vytvo\u0159it FS p\u0159\u00edkazem &#171;mkfs.f2fs -c \/dev\/vdc@vdc.file \/dev\/vdb&#187;, po \u010dem\u017e se obsah za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \/dev\/vdc rezervuje a odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed do souboru vdc.file a odd\u00edl \/dev\/vdc lze pou\u017e\u00edt pro sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby, nap\u0159\u00edklad naform\u00e1tovat na jin\u00fd FS. Pro vr\u00e1cen\u00ed rezervovan\u00e9ho obsahu sta\u010d\u00ed smazat soubor vdc.file.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve XFS byla zavedena podpora kv\u00f3t pro realtime za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora adres\u00e1\u0159e s metadaty, ve kter\u00e9m jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v\u0161echny inode s metadaty.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanismu FUSE byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost dynamicky m\u011bnit maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det str\u00e1nek (FUSE_MAX_MAX_PAGES) pomoc\u00ed &#171;sysctl fs.fuse.max_pages_limit&#187;. V pr\u00e1ci jsou zapojeny svazky str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (page folios).\n<li class=\"l\"> V SMB je implementov\u00e1na podpora roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed POSIX pro SMB3, pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch typ\u016f soubor\u016f, jako jsou fifo, soubory za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a symbolick\u00e9 odkazy. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost montov\u00e1n\u00ed odd\u00edlu s alternativn\u00edm heslem, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i rotaci hesel. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na nov\u00e1 volba montov\u00e1n\u00ed &#171;cifs.upcall&#187; pro ur\u010den\u00ed prostorov\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu. Bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f symbolick\u00fdch a blokov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly vytvo\u0159eny ve Windows NFS Serveru. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora symbolick\u00fdch odkaz\u016f ve stylu WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux).\n<li class=\"l\"> Souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my UBIFS, ADFS, BEFS, HFS, HFSPLUS, HPFS, JFS a ECRYPTFS byly p\u0159evedeny na nov\u00fd API pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed odd\u00edl\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ECRYPTFS, UFS a NILFS2 byly p\u0159evedeny na pou\u017eit\u00ed str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (page folios).                          <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u011b\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V pl\u00e1nova\u010di byla implementov\u00e1na model leniv\u00e9ho p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f (PREEMPT_LAZY, leniv\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed), kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 modelu \u00fapln\u00e9ho p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed (&#171;full preemption&#187;) pro realtime \u00fakoly (RR\/FIFO\/DEADLINE), ale zpo\u017e\u010fuje p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f (SCHED_NORMAL) a\u017e na hranici tik\u016f. Uveden\u00e9 zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed vede k omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed dr\u017eitel\u016f z\u00e1mk\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdkon konfigurac\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edm model dobrovoln\u00e9ho p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed (voluntary preemption). Nov\u00fd model tedy zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017enosti \u00fapln\u00e9ho p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed pro realtime \u00fakoly, ale minimalizuje pokles v\u00fdkonu pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u00fakoly. Krom\u011b toho nov\u00fd model zjednodu\u0161uje logiku p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f v j\u00e1d\u0159e t\u00edm, \u017ee vylu\u010duje z procesu pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed obslu\u017en\u00e9 rutiny nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v jin\u00fdch komponentech j\u00e1dra (mimo pl\u00e1nova\u010d \u00fakol\u016f).\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed kompil\u00e1torem Clang je umo\u017en\u011bno pou\u017e\u00edvat optimalizace<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62587\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.13. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 XFS \u0438 Ext4, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c &#171;multigrain timestamps&#187;, \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 AutoFDO, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b ARM65 Guarded Control Stack, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.13.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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