{"id":121679,"date":"2025-02-02T21:46:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-02T19:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rekomendaczii-linux-foundation-po-soblyudeniyu-sankczij-v-otkrytyh-proektah"},"modified":"2025-02-02T21:46:00","modified_gmt":"2025-02-02T19:46:00","slug":"rekomendaczii-linux-foundation-po-soblyudeniyu-sankczij-v-otkrytyh-proektah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/rekomendaczii-linux-foundation-po-soblyudeniyu-sankczij-v-otkrytyh-proektah","title":{"rendered":"Doporu\u010den\u00ed Linux Foundation ohledn\u011b dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed sankc\u00ed v otev\u0159en\u00fdch projektech","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Organizace Linux Foundation publikovala anal\u00fdzu pou\u017eitelnosti omezen\u00ed zaveden\u00fdch sankcemi na otev\u0159en\u00fd k\u00f3d, shrnula vyvst\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed rizika a poskytla doporu\u010den\u00ed pro spr\u00e1vce otev\u0159en\u00fdch projekt\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed podl\u00e9haj\u00ed sankc\u00edm.     <\/p>\n<p>Linux Foundation pokra\u010duje v prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce a otev\u0159en\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my pro v\u0161echny, kdo maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem, bez ohledu na n\u00e1rodnost, zemi bydli\u0161t\u011b, politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kulturn\u00ed hodnoty a ideologii. P\u0159itom organizace p\u016fsob\u00ed v pr\u00e1vn\u00edm r\u00e1mci USA a mus\u00ed dodr\u017eovat z\u00e1kony a pravidla, podle nich\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159edstava o neutralit\u011b a rovnosti v otev\u0159en\u00e9m softwaru odli\u0161n\u00e1 od interpretace mnoha lid\u00ed.            <\/p>\n<p>Nejistota vznik\u00e1 ohledn\u011b sankc\u00ed zaveden\u00fdch \u00da\u0159adem pro kontrolu zahrani\u010dn\u00edch aktiv USA (OFAC). Sankce OFAC se vztahuj\u00ed na ob\u010dany, organizace nebo firmy, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny na speci\u00e1ln\u00ed sank\u010dn\u00ed seznam (SDN, Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons), a tak\u00e9 na osoby s nimi spojen\u00e9 (nap\u0159\u00edklad spole\u010dnosti, v nich\u017e osoba ze sank\u010dn\u00edho seznamu vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo nebo nep\u0159\u00edmo 50 a v\u00edce procent).    <\/p>\n<p>V procesu v\u00fdvoje restriktivn\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f p\u0159ijat\u00fdch v posledn\u00edch letech, jako je Z\u00e1kon o kybernetick\u00e9 odolnosti, se iniciativn\u00ed skupiny, kter\u00e9 h\u00e1jily z\u00e1jmy otev\u0159en\u00e9ho softwaru, sna\u017eily o p\u0159ijet\u00ed v\u00fdjimek, kter\u00e9 by zm\u00edrnily uplatn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto z\u00e1kon\u016f na otev\u0159en\u00e9 projekty. Legislativn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro sankce OFAC byl vyvinut d\u00e1vno a nezohled\u0148oval specifika mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce na otev\u0159en\u00e9m softwaru, a a\u017e doned\u00e1vna nezp\u016fsoboval probl\u00e9my pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e otev\u0159en\u00e9ho softwaru, proto\u017ee sankce OFAC byly uplat\u0148ov\u00e1ny v ojedin\u011bl\u00fdch v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch situac\u00edch.     <\/p>\n<p>Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed objasn\u011bn\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se uplatn\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f sankc\u00ed OFAC na otev\u0159en\u00e9 projekty nebyla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna, a proto se pr\u00e1vn\u00edci mus\u00ed orientovat v po\u017eadavc\u00edch s ohledem na minulou aplikaci sankc\u00ed v podobn\u00e9m kontextu a jednat opatrn\u011b, aby na\u0161li rovnov\u00e1hu mezi p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm zachovat glob\u00e1ln\u00ed povahu v\u00fdvoje a vznikaj\u00edc\u00edmi riziky, jako jsou vysok\u00e9 pokuty a trestn\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed. Krom\u011b sankc\u00ed OFAC se v USA uplat\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdvozn\u00ed omezen\u00ed zaveden\u00e1 Ministerstvem obchodu USA podle p\u0159edpis\u016f o v\u00fdvozn\u00edm dozoru. Tato omezen\u00ed se nevztahuj\u00ed na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 projekty a proto nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed probl\u00e9my pro otev\u0159en\u00e9 projekty.    <\/p>\n<p>Po\u017eadavky sankc\u00ed OFAC se vztahuj\u00ed nejen na spole\u010dnosti ze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a ob\u010dany USA, ale tak\u00e9 na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed obchodn\u00ed vztahy se spole\u010dnostmi ze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f nebo prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed operace v americk\u00fdch dolarech. Pro osoby za\u0159azen\u00e9 na sank\u010dn\u00ed seznam OFAC jsou zavedena takov\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, jako je z\u00e1kaz investic a finan\u010dn\u00edch operac\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b platu za slu\u017eby); z\u00e1kaz dovozu a v\u00fdvozu zbo\u017e\u00ed, technologi\u00ed a slu\u017eeb; z\u00e1kaz majetkov\u00fdch transakc\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed).    <\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dnostem a organizac\u00edm vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9 projekty, a kter\u00e9 spadaj\u00ed pod jurisdikci USA nebo interaguj\u00ed se spole\u010dnostmi ze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, byla d\u00e1na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sankce OFAC obsahuj\u00ed v\u00fdjimku, kter\u00e1 se vztahuje na \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d je obvykle pova\u017eov\u00e1n OFAC za informa\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jednosm\u011brn\u00e9 poskytnut\u00ed zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.\n<li class=\"l\"> Je p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edmat zm\u011bny od osob spojen\u00fdch se sankcionovan\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi, pokud byly tyto zm\u011bny provedeny z iniciativy odes\u00edlatele (nebyly \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ny) a \u0159e\u0161\u00ed obecn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my projektu, a nikoli aby prosp\u011bly produkt\u016fm nebo slu\u017eb\u00e1m sankcionovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ijet\u00ed ovlada\u010de pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e1 sankcionovanou spole\u010dnost\u00ed do j\u00e1dra Linuxu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za poru\u0161en\u00ed sankc\u00ed, zat\u00edmco p\u0159ijet\u00ed opravy odstra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed zranitelnost sankce neporu\u0161uje.\n<li class=\"l\"> V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159ijet\u00ed oprav od sankcionovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti se doporu\u010duje jednosm\u011brn\u00e1 komunikace, tj. ve\u0161ker\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fapravy p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho patche by m\u011bly b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bny samostatn\u011b, bez zapojen\u00ed sankcionovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Zapojen\u00ed sankcionovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti do \u00faprav, schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo diskuse m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt interpretov\u00e1no jako poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 jsou sankcemi zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nen\u00ed doporu\u010deno podepisovat dohody o p\u0159evodu majetkov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v (CLA) s v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i spojen\u00fdmi se sankcionovan\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi, jeliko\u017e takov\u00e1 dohoda m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kazu dohod v oblasti du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Je nezbytn\u00e9 kontrolovat nejen p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 spojen\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f se sankcionovan\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi, ale tak\u00e9 jejich nep\u0159\u00edmou vazbu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1ce v jin\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech, kter\u00e9 jsou ze 50 % a v\u00edce vlastn\u011bny sankcionovan\u00fdmi osobami, nebo pln\u011bn\u00ed zak\u00e1zek pro sankcionovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.     <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62663\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Linux Foundation \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. Linux Foundation \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Linux Foundation \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443 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