Byly vytvo\u0159eny opravy pro v\u0161echny podporovan\u00e9 v\u011btve PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16 a 13.19, ve kter\u00fdch bylo opraveno v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 chyb a odstran\u011bna zranitelnost (CVE-2025-1094), kter\u00e1 byla na konci prosince vyu\u017eita v \u00fatoku na spole\u010dnost BeyondTrust a Ministerstvo financ\u00ed USA. Probl\u00e9m v PostgreSQL byl odhalen p\u0159i anal\u00fdze vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 zranitelnosti (CVE-2024-12356) ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch BeyondTrust PRA (Privileged Remote Access) a BeyondTrust RS (Remote Support), p\u0159i jej\u00ed\u017e exploitaci byla rovn\u011b\u017e vyu\u017eita d\u0159\u00edve nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 (0-day) zranitelnost v libpq. <\/p>\n
V d\u016fsledku \u00fatoku se \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm poda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat kl\u00ed\u010d pro p\u0159\u00edstup k API, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed technick\u00e9 podpory z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm SaaS slu\u017eeb BeyondTrust. Toto API bylo pou\u017eito k resetov\u00e1n\u00ed hesla a kompromitaci infrastruktury Ministerstva financ\u00ed USA, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 produkty BeyondTrust. B\u011bhem \u00fatoku \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci dok\u00e1zali st\u00e1hnout d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9 dokumenty a z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup k pracovn\u00edm stanic\u00edm zam\u011bstnanc\u016f ministerstva. <\/p>\n
Zranitelnost se projevuje v knihovn\u011b libpq, kter\u00e1 poskytuje API pro interakci s datab\u00e1zov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my z program\u016f v jazyce C (na tuto knihovnu jsou tak\u00e9 implementov\u00e1ny obalov\u00e9 knihovny pro C++, Perl, PHP a Python). Probl\u00e9m se t\u00fdk\u00e1 aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro escapov\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch znak\u016f a neutralizaci uvozovek funkce PQescapeLiteral(), PQescapeIdentifier(), PQescapeString() nebo PQescapeStringConn(). <\/p>\n
\u00dato\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout vlo\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e9ho SQL k\u00f3du, pokud je text p\u0159ijat\u00fd zven\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm uvnit\u0159 SQL dotazu escapov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch funkc\u00ed libpq. V aplikac\u00edch BeyondTrust byly takto escapovan\u00e9 dotazy p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny skrze p\u0159\u00edkazovou utilitu psql. Zranitelnost je zp\u016fsobena nedostatkem kontroly spr\u00e1vnosti pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch Unicode znak\u016f v textu ve funkc\u00edch escapov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje obej\u00edt normalizaci uvozovek pomoc\u00ed zad\u00e1n\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdch v\u00edcibyte\u010dn\u00fdch sekvenc\u00ed UTF-8. <\/p>\n
K exploataci zranitelnosti lze vyu\u017e\u00edt nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd UTF-8 znak slo\u017een\u00fd z bajt\u016f 0xC0 a 0x27 («\u2514'»). Bajt 0x27 v ASCII k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 apostrofu («‘»), kter\u00fd je nutn\u00e9 escapovat. V k\u00f3du escapov\u00e1n\u00ed kombinace bajt\u016f 0xC0 a 0x27 se zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 jako jeden Unicode znak. T\u00edm p\u00e1dem bajt 0x27 v takov\u00e9 sekvenci z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 neescapov\u00e1n, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed SQL dotazu v utilit\u011b psql je zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n jako uvozovka. <\/p>\n
P\u0159i spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed SQL dotaz\u016f<\/a> Pomoc\u00ed utility psql pro organizaci prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed libovoln\u00e9ho k\u00f3du lze pou\u017e\u00edt substituci do \u0159et\u011bzce p\u0159\u00edkazu «\!», ur\u010den\u00e9 v psql pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed libovoln\u00fdch program\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na serveru<\/a> utility «id» lze p\u0159edat hodnotu «hax\xC0′; \! id #». V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladu je pro escapov\u00e1n\u00ed vyvol\u00e1n PHP skript dbquote, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 PHP funkci pg_escape_string, funguj\u00edc\u00ed nad funkc\u00ed PQescapeString z libpq: $ echo -e «hello \xC0’world'» | .\\\/dbquote ‘hello \u2514’world»’ $ quoted=$(echo -e «hax\xC0′; \! id # » | .\\\/dbquote) $ echo «SELECT COUNT(1) FROM gw_sessions WHERE session_key = $quoted AND session_type = ‘sdcust’ AND (expiration IS NULL OR expiration>NOW())» | psql -e SELECT COUNT(1) FROM gw_sessions WHERE session_key = ‘hax\u2514’; ERROR: neplatn\u00e1 bajtov\u00e1 sekvence pro k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed «UTF8»: 0xc0 0x27 uid=1000(myexamplecompany) gid=1000(myexamplecompany) \u0421\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16 \u0438 13.19, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 70 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (CVE-2025-1094), \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e BeyondTrust \u0438 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 PostgreSQL \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (CVE-2024-12356) \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0445 BeyondTrust PRA (Privileged Remote Access) \u0438 BeyondTrust […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Ve PostgreSQL byla opravena zranitelnost, kter\u00e1 byla 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\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 BeyondTrust | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0421\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16 \u0438 13.19, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 70 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"