{"id":122993,"date":"2025-03-25T22:22:41","date_gmt":"2025-03-25T20:22:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-14"},"modified":"2025-03-25T22:22:41","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T20:22:41","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-14","title":{"rendered":"Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 6.14","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje p\u0159edstavil Linus Torvalds uvoln\u011bn\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux 6.14. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny pat\u0159\u00ed: ovlada\u010d ntsync se synchroniza\u010dn\u00edmi primitivy Windows NT, nastaven\u00ed vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed \u010dtec\u00edch operac\u00ed v Btrfs RAID1, podpora reflink v XFS v re\u017eimu realtime, mo\u017enost nekovadlen\u00e9ho vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00edho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu, cgroup dmem pro omezen\u00ed pam\u011bti GPU, vyu\u017eit\u00ed io_uring v FUSE, delegace atribut\u016f v NFS, podpora atomov\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu v Device mapper, zrychlen\u00ed symbolick\u00fdch odkaz\u016f, spr\u00e1va mo\u017enosti vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed skript\u016f, podpora \u010dip\u016f Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Elite, ovlada\u010d pro NPU AMD.    <\/p>\n<p>Do nov\u00e9 verze bylo p\u0159ijato 12115 oprav od 1984 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, velikost z\u00e1platy je 39 MB (zm\u011bny se dotkly 10170 soubor\u016f, p\u0159id\u00e1no 531586 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du, odstran\u011bno 235999 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f). V minul\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed bylo 14172 oprav od 2086 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, velikost z\u00e1platy byla 46 MB. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 41 % v\u0161ech zm\u011bn p\u0159edstaven\u00fdch ve verzi 6.14 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ovlada\u010d\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 13 % zm\u011bn se vztahuje na aktualizaci k\u00f3du specifick\u00e9ho pro hardwarov\u00e9 architektury, 14 % se t\u00fdk\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edku, 7 % se t\u00fdk\u00e1 souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a 4 % m\u00e1 vztah k intern\u00edm subsyst\u00e9m\u016fm j\u00e1dra.       <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed novinky v j\u00e1d\u0159e 6.14:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, vstup\/v\u00fdstup a souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 Btrfs byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora nov\u00fdch metod vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed operac\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed mezi \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti v poli RAID1. Krom\u011b d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho rozd\u011blen\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b identifik\u00e1tor\u016f proces\u016f (pid) byly v nov\u00e9 verzi navr\u017eeny t\u0159i nov\u00e9 re\u017eimy vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed: \u201erotation\u201c (rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezi v\u0161echna \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, re\u017eim je v\u00fdchoz\u00ed); \u201elatency\u201c (rozlo\u017een\u00ed s ohledem na latence, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159i poruch\u00e1ch nebo nestabiln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165); devid (ru\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va). Pro zm\u011bnu re\u017eimu vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed byl p\u0159id\u00e1n rozhran\u00ed \u201e\/sys\/fs\/btrfs\/\/read_policy\u201c. Mezi dal\u0161\u00edmi zm\u011bnami v Btrfs je implementace ioctl FS_IOC_READ_VERITY_METADATA.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n re\u017eim nekamenn\u00e9ho vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00edho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m jsou data okam\u017eit\u011b vymaz\u00e1na z str\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho cache po dokon\u010den\u00ed operac\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed nebo z\u00e1pisu. Tato zm\u011bna m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed velmi rychl\u00fdch ukl\u00e1dac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jejich\u017e operace cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v pam\u011bti jsou nadm\u011brn\u00e9. Pro takov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nov\u00fd re\u017eim umo\u017e\u0148uje eliminovat zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti str\u00e1nkov\u00fdm cache bez nutnosti pou\u017eit\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9ho API p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu (Direct I\/O).\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve fsnotify, mechanismu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn v souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, ud\u00e1lost FS_PRE_ACCESS generovan\u00e1 v kroku p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edstupem k obsahu souboru. Ud\u00e1lost je zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1na v synchronn\u00edm re\u017eimu, tj. j\u00e1dro odes\u00edl\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost a \u010dek\u00e1 na p\u0159ijet\u00ed odpov\u011bdi. Pokud byla odpov\u011b\u010f p\u0159ijata, operace se provede, a pokud do\u0161lo k chyb\u011b, syst\u00e9mov\u00fd vol\u00e1n\u00ed vr\u00e1t\u00ed do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru k\u00f3d chyby. Pomoc\u00ed FS_PRE_ACCESS m\u016f\u017ee proces v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ipravit soubor, jakmile budou data p\u0159ipravena ve pomal\u00e9m \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu FUSE, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et implementace souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora v\u00fdm\u011bny dat mezi j\u00e1drem a zpracovatelem v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru za pou\u017eit\u00ed mechanismu I\/O io_uring. Zm\u011bna umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon FUSE sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kontextu mezi j\u00e1drem a u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm prostorem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu XFS byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed (rmap, reverse-mapping) v re\u017eimu pr\u00e1ce s p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdmi zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edmi (\u201erealtime device\u201c). Zp\u011btn\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010dit, pro kter\u00fd soubor je pou\u017eit dan\u00fd blok na \u00falo\u017en\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Pomoc\u00ed rmap v XFS byla pro realtime-re\u017eim implementov\u00e1na podpora operace reflink, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et kopie soubor\u016f clonov\u00e1n\u00edm metadat souboru a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm odkazu na ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed data bez jejich skute\u010dn\u00e9ho kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve VFS bylo implementov\u00e1no cachov\u00e1n\u00ed velikosti symbolick\u00fdch odkaz\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017enilo urychlit prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operace readlink o 1,5 % (v testu s \/initrd.img v ext4). Cachov\u00e1n\u00ed je zapnuto v FS ext4 a tmpfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do implementace NFSv4.2 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora delegov\u00e1n\u00ed atribut\u016f soubor\u016f, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje spravovat takov\u00e9 atributy soubor\u016f, jako je \u010das posledn\u00ed zm\u011bny (mtime), na stran\u011b NFS klienta, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9 pos\u00edlat zm\u011bny na server. V NFS byla tak\u00e9 vylep\u0161ena podpora protokolu \u201eLOCALIO\u201c, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010dit, zda se klient a server NFS nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na stejn\u00e9m hostiteli, pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch optimalizac\u00ed, jako je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu (Direct I\/O) klientem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl zv\u00fd\u0161en v\u00fdkon operac\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed ve souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech NETFS, CIFS a AFS (Andrew File System).\n<li class=\"l\"> V syst\u00e9mu Squashfs byl za\u0159azen re\u017eim p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed blok\u016f do str\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho cache (SQUASHFS_FILE_DIRECT), co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje obej\u00edt samostatnou cache read_page. Tato zm\u011bna vedla k redukci velikosti pam\u011bti spot\u0159ebov\u00e1van\u00e9 p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci se Squashfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> V syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m vol\u00e1n\u00ed statx() byl implementov\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edznak STATX_DIO_READ_ALIGN pro ur\u010den\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed pro operace \u010dten\u00ed ze souboru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu Bcachefs byl aktualizov\u00e1n a stabilizov\u00e1n form\u00e1t diskov\u00fdch struktur. Jak\u00e9koli dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny form\u00e1tu budou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nepovinn\u00e9 a budou implementov\u00e1ny ve form\u011b voliteln\u00fdch roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. V\u00fdrazn\u011b byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena rychlost kontroly integrity FS. Krom\u011b toho byla v Bcachefs vylep\u0161ena \u010dinnost v re\u017eimu pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed; byly odstran\u011bny probl\u00e9my vedouc\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edstupu k pam\u011bti po jej\u00edm uvoln\u011bn\u00ed (use after free); byly vy\u0159e\u0161eny probl\u00e9my s reflink ukazateli ve fsck; byla opravena manipulace s restartem transakce.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl vr\u00e1cen modul md-linear ur\u010den\u00fd pro spojov\u00e1n\u00ed blokov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Tento modul byl d\u0159\u00edve ozna\u010den jako zastaral\u00fd a byl odstran\u011bn z j\u00e1dra 6.8, ale uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee je vy\u017eadov\u00e1n, a proto byl nyn\u00ed obnoven.\n<li class=\"l\"> Souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my F2FS a SQUASHFS byly p\u0159evedeny na pou\u017eit\u00ed svazk\u016f str\u00e1nkovan\u00e9 pam\u011bti (page folios).\n<li class=\"l\"> Souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my OCFS2 a DLMFS byly p\u0159evedeny na pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00e9ho API pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed odd\u00edl\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di null_blk byl implementov\u00e1n atribut \u201erotational\u201c, nastaviteln\u00fd prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm configfs, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje simulovat pr\u00e1ci se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm na b\u00e1zi ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00edc\u00edch se disk\u016f pro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed funkc\u00ed j\u00e1dra.\n<li class=\"l\"> V syst\u00e9mu Device mapper a v modulech dm-mirror, dm-io, dm-table, dm-linear, dm-stripe a dm-raid1 byla implementov\u00e1na podpora atom\u00e1rn\u00edho z\u00e1pisu.                             <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u011b\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla dokon\u010dena integrace do j\u00e1dra ovlada\u010de ntsync, kter\u00fd implementuje symbolick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \/dev\/ntsync a sadu primitiv pro synchronizaci pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v j\u00e1d\u0159e Windows NT. Implementace t\u011bchto primitiv na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon Windows her spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch pomoc\u00ed Wine. Zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu je dosa\u017eeno d\u00edky odstran\u011bn\u00ed re\u017eie spojen\u00e9 s pou\u017eit\u00edm RPC v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed samostatn\u00e9ho ovlada\u010de pro j\u00e1dro Linux je vysv\u011btleno problemati\u010dnost\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 implementace API synchronizace NT nad st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmi primitivy v j\u00e1d\u0159e.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd ovlada\u010d cgroup DMEM pro odd\u011blen\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed oblast\u00ed pam\u011bti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako jsou GPU. DMEM umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et samostatn\u00e9 cgroup pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fakoly pracuj\u00edc\u00ed s GPU, aby mohly b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bny bez vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed. Nov\u00e1 funkce \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m s nucen\u00fdm ukon\u010den\u00edm operac\u00ed s GPU p\u0159i vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 pam\u011bti d\u00edky sledov\u00e1n\u00ed odra\u017een\u00e9 pam\u011bti GPU a pam\u011bti CPU pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 ovlada\u010di v samostatn\u00fdch cgroup.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly provedeny optimalizace pro \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed operace vypr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00ed (flush) cache TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer), kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro urychlen\u00ed p\u0159evodu virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch adres na fyzick\u00e9. P\u0159idan\u00e9 optimalizace spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v odlo\u017een\u00e9m aktualizov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch datov\u00fdch struktur b\u011bhem p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kontextu, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon p\u0159i n\u011bkter\u00fdch testech.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl zv\u00fd\u0161en v\u00fdkon mechanismu MGLRU (Multi-Generational LRU), kter\u00fd je pou\u017eit pro ur\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 str\u00e1nky pam\u011bti jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny, a kter\u00e9 lze vy\u0159adit do str\u00e1nkovac\u00edho prostoru.\n<li class=\"l\">  Pokra\u010duje p\u0159enos zm\u011bn z v\u011btve Rust-for-Linux, souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s pou\u017eit\u00edm jazyka Rust jako druh\u00e9ho jazyka pro v\u00fdvoj ovlada\u010d\u016f a modul\u016f j\u00e1dra (podpora Rustu nen\u00ed ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed aktivn\u00ed a nevede k zahrnut\u00ed Rustu mezi povinn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti pro sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra). Byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed v k\u00f3du j\u00e1dra makra \u201ederive(CoercePointee)\u201c, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat chytr\u00e9 ukazatele s trait-objekty. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed j\u00e1dra byly zahrnuty ob\u00e1lky Rustu pro PCI, platformy, Open Firmware, symbolick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a n\u011bkter\u00e9 funkce vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu. Greg Kroah-Hartman, zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za podporu stabiln\u00ed v\u011btve j\u00e1dra Linux, charakterizoval aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed stav jako \u201et\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159ipravenost k naps\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9ho ovlada\u010de v Rustu\u201c.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve stavebn\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch byl navr\u017een nov\u00fd k\u00f3d pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed verz\u00ed ladic\u00edch symbol\u016f pro na\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 moduly, kter\u00fd nyn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 informace z ladic\u00edch z\u00e1znam\u016f ve form\u00e1tu DWARF, m\u00edsto aby p\u0159\u00edmo analyzoval zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d. Zm\u011bna umo\u017e\u0148uje aplikaci verzionov\u00e1n\u00ed ladic\u00edch symbol\u016f pro moduly napsan\u00e9 v jazyce Rust. Star\u00e1 implementace z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v j\u00e1d\u0159e, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e volba gener\u00e1toru se prov\u00e1d\u00ed na \u00farovni stavebn\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu PowerPC byla implementov\u00e1na podpora re\u017eimu l\u00edn\u00e9ho vyt\u011bs\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faloh (PREEMPT_LAZY, lazy preemption), kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 re\u017eimu pln\u00e9ho vyt\u011bs\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed (\u201efull preemption\u201c) pro realtime-\u00fakoly (RR\/FIFO\/DEADLINE), ale zpo\u017e\u010fuje vyt\u011bs\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u00faloh (SCHED_NORMAL) a\u017e k hranici tik\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu profilov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu \u201eperf\u201c byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora \u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f pro spot\u0159ebu energie procesor\u016f AMD. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost pr\u00e1ce v syst\u00e9mech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed a\u017e 2048 jader CPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla poskytnuta mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed sysctl-parametru pid_max s prostorami n\u00e1zv\u016f identifik\u00e1tor\u016f proces\u016f (ID namespace). Parametr pid_max slou\u017e\u00ed k omezen\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty identifik\u00e1tor\u016f proces\u016f (PID) a nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n k omezen\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho mo\u017en\u00e9ho po\u010dtu proces\u016f spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch v dan\u00e9m prostoru n\u00e1zv\u016f. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed parametru se prov\u00e1d\u00ed hierarchicky, tedy omezen\u00ed ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch n\u00e1zv\u016f se vztahuj\u00ed na vno\u0159en\u00e9 prostory n\u00e1zv\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed procesu syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed execveat bude nyn\u00ed ve \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu \/proc zobrazov\u00e1no jm\u00e9no spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho souboru, nikoli \u010d\u00edslo file descriptoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du j\u00e1dra (v adres\u00e1\u0159i samples\/vfs) byla p\u0159id\u00e1na utilita mountinfo, kter\u00e1 demonstruje pou\u017eit\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed statmount() a listmount().\n<li class=\"l\"> V subsyst\u00e9mu BPF byly navr\u017eeny nov\u00e9 funkce bpf_local_irq_save() a bpf_local_irq_restore() pro do\u010dasn\u00e9 zak\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed na lok\u00e1ln\u00edm CPU. Tyto funkce lze pou\u017e\u00edt k implementaci struktur, jejich\u017e zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161ov\u00e1no.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m vol\u00e1n\u00ed madvise() p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f MADV_DONTNEED a MADV_FREE byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna \u00faleva tabulek str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti spojen\u00fdch s uvoln\u011bn\u00fdm rozsahem adres, proto\u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch situac\u00edch mohou pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky pam\u011bti zab\u00edrat zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pam\u011bti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro architekturu OpenRISC byla implementov\u00e1na podpora mechanismu restartovateln\u00fdch sekvenc\u00ed (rseq, restartable sequences), ur\u010den\u00e9ho pro rychl\u00e9 atom\u00e1rn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed jin\u00fdm vl\u00e1knem se vy\u010dist\u00ed a prov\u00e1d\u00ed se znovu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla provedena reorganizace k\u00f3du s implementac\u00ed algoritm\u016f CRC32 a CRC-T10DIF, kter\u00e9 se ji\u017e nep\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 s podsystemem crypto a je vol\u00e1no p\u0159\u00edmo z knihovn\u00edho rozhran\u00ed. Zm\u011bna umo\u017enila zjednodu\u0161it k\u00f3d a zv\u00fd\u0161it jeho efektivitu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mu asynchronn\u00edho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu io_uring bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no rozhran\u00ed pro p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch metadat o integrit\u011b p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pisu.            <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizace a bezpe\u010dnost<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed execveat byl p\u0159id\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edznak AT_EXECVE_CHECK, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e9st kontrolu opr\u00e1vn\u011bnosti spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed souboru bez jeho skute\u010dn\u00e9ho spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ale s ohledem na bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky, pr\u00e1va p\u0159\u00edstupu a aktivn\u00ed moduly LSM. Pro pou\u017eit\u00ed ve spojen\u00ed s AT_EXECVE_CHECK byly navr\u017eeny securebit-p\u0159\u00edznaky SECBIT_EXEC_RESTRICT_FILE a SECBIT_EXEC_DENY_INTERACTIVE, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity k omezen\u00ed spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed soubor\u016f se skripty v interpretovan\u00fdch programovac\u00edch jazyc\u00edch. P\u0159\u00edznak SECBIT_EXEC_RESTRICT_FILE na\u0159izuje linker\u016fm a interpreter\u016fm pou\u017e\u00edvat mo\u017enost AT_EXECVE_CHECK pro kontrolu opr\u00e1vn\u011bnosti spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco p\u0159\u00edznak SECBIT_EXEC_DENY_INTERACTIVE zakazuje zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed interaktivn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. Hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenkou t\u00e9to zm\u011bny je mo\u017enost aplikace bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch politik nejen na tradi\u010dn\u00ed spustiteln\u00e9 soubory, ale tak\u00e9 na textov\u00e9 soubory se skripty, kter\u00e9 lze na\u010d\u00edst prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed interpretru (tj. z\u00e1kaz proveden\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1n nejen p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed '.\/script.sh', ale i p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed ve form\u011b 'sh script.sh').\n<li class=\"l\"> Na syst\u00e9mech x86 byla implementov\u00e1na podpora chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch \u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f pro hostitelsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed m\u011bnit syst\u00e9mov\u00fd \u010das hostitelsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu z hostitelsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Tato schopnost byla realizov\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b mechanismu AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization), kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v virtualiza\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech pro ochranu. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2196\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a> p\u0159ed z\u00e1sahy hypervizora nebo administr\u00e1tora hostitelsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mu mandatorn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu SELinux byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora xperm-pravidel, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00e1zat politiky SELinux na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vol\u00e1n\u00ed ioctl() nebo zpr\u00e1vy netlink.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro podepisov\u00e1n\u00ed modul\u016f j\u00e1dra digit\u00e1ln\u00edm podpisem je m\u00edsto SHA1 ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed pou\u017eit algoritmus SHA512.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010d\u00edch pro hostitelsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my VirtualBox byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora architektury ARM64.\n<li class=\"l\"> V hypervizoru <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4439\">KVM<\/a> pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ce na zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed mechanismu Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions) pro \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti hostitelsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> V virtio_blk byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora re\u017eimu obnoven\u00ed chyb.                <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V implementaci protokolu RxRPC byla umo\u017en\u011bna podpora velk\u00fdch r\u00e1mc\u016f UDP pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed propustnosti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro TCP byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora algoritmu RACK-TLP pro detekci ztr\u00e1ty paket\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd parametr sysctl tcp_tw_reuse_delay, kter\u00fd funguje v r\u00e1mci prostorov\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na (network namespace) a umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010dit zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e syst\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee znovu pou\u017e\u00edt \u010d\u00edslo s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho portu po uzav\u0159en\u00ed TCP-socketu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost v\u00fdb\u011bru poskytovatele p\u0159esn\u00e9ho \u010dasu (PTP) pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fdch zna\u010dek na \u00farovn\u00edch PHY a MAC.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro IPsec byla implementov\u00e1na podpora mechanismu agregace a fragmentace zapouzd\u0159en\u00fdch IP paket\u016f \u2014 IP-TFS\/AGGFRAG (IP Traffic Flow Security\/Aggregation and Fragmentation Mode for Encapsulating Security Payload).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mu s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch soket\u016f byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o priorit\u011b (SO_PRIORITY) ve form\u011b \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch zpr\u00e1v (cmsg \u2014 control messages). Pro s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 sokety byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost SO_RCVPRIORITY, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje v funkc\u00edch recvmsg() p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o priorit\u011b soketu.                                <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Hardware<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n ovlada\u010d amdxdna pro integrovan\u00e9 akceler\u00e1tory NPU (Neural Processing Unit) v CPU AMD zalo\u017een\u00e9 na architektu\u0159e XDNA, ur\u010den\u00fd k urychlen\u00ed operac\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s strojov\u00fdm u\u010den\u00edm. NPU na b\u00e1zi architektury XDNA je dod\u00e1v\u00e1n v s\u00e9ri\u00edch procesor\u016f AMD Ryzen 7040 a 8040, akceler\u00e1torech AMD Alveo V70 a SoC AMD Versal.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovlada\u010de i915 byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny identifik\u00e1tory nov\u00fdch GPU, implementoval se zpracovatel poruch p\u0159i inicializaci HDMI a zv\u00fd\u0161ila se spolehlivost resetov\u00e1n\u00ed GPU j\u00e1der na syst\u00e9mech Haswell a star\u0161\u00edch.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ce na drm ovlada\u010di (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe pro GPU na b\u00e1zi architektury Intel Xe, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve grafik\u00e1ch Intel rodiny Arc a integrovan\u00e9 grafice od procesor\u016f Tiger Lake.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di Nouveau byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost p\u0159enosu buffer\u016f s logy GSP-RM p\u0159es debugfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovlada\u010di AMDGPU byla implementov\u00e1na podpora mechanismu DRM panic, kter\u00fd zobrazuje podobu \u201emodr\u00e9 obrazovky smrti\u201c p\u0159i selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokra\u010duje se v p\u0159\u00edprav\u00e1ch na podporu budouc\u00ed s\u00e9rie grafick\u00fdch karet Radeon RX 9000 zalo\u017een\u00e9 na architektu\u0159e RDNA4. Byla aktualizov\u00e1na podpora DCN 3.5, GG 9.5, IH 4.4, PSP 13.x, SMU 13.x, VCN 5.x, JPEG 5.x, GC 12.x, DC FAMS, RAS a ISP.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do DRM ovlada\u010de msm (GPU Qualcomm Adreno) byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora platformy Qualcomm SM6150 (QCS615).\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM-ovlada\u010di panfrost byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora SoC MediaTek MT8188 s GPU Mali-G57.\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM-ovlada\u010di vc4 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora SoC Broadcom BCM2712 (Raspberry Pi 5).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do vfio ovlada\u010de nvgrace-gpu byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora \u010dip\u016f NVIDIA Grace Blackwell 200.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do souboru byl p\u0159id\u00e1n ovlada\u010d pro kontrol\u00e9ry Intel THC (Touch Host Controller), pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pro interakci se dotykov\u00fdmi obrazovkami a touchpady na n\u011bkter\u00fdch notebooc\u00edch. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Wacom s PCI rozhran\u00edm. P\u0159id\u00e1na podpora hern\u00edch ovlada\u010d\u016f QH Electronics.\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora platformy ARM, SoC a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Elite (SM8750), Qualcomm Snapdragon AR2 (SAR2130P), Qualcomm IQ6\/IQ8, Snapdragon 425 (MSM8917), Samsung Exynos 9810, Blaize BLZP1600, Microchip SAMA7D65, Renesas R-Car V4H ES3.0, Renesas RZ\/G3E. D\u00e1le byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora SoC SpacemiT K1 na b\u00e1zi architektury RISC-V.\n<li class=\"l\"> V zvukov\u00e9m subsyst\u00e9mu ALSA pro MIDI 2.0 byly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny API rawmidi a sequencer. Do API pro vyjmut\u00ed operac\u00ed komprese na zvukovou kartu byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora ASRC (Asynchronous Sample Rate Conversion).\n<li class=\"l\">  Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora zvukov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Allwinner suinv F1C100s, Awinc AW88083, Realtek ALC5682I-VE, TAS2781, Focusrite Scarlett 4th Gen 16i16, 18i16 a 18i20. P\u0159id\u00e1na byla podpora bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fdch sluch\u00e1tek SteelSeries Arctis 9.      <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62937\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.14. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 ntsync c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Windows NT, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 Btrfs RAID1, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 reflink \u0432 XFS \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 realtime, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, dmem cgroup \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 GPU, 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