{"id":123602,"date":"2025-04-19T15:05:06","date_gmt":"2025-04-19T13:05:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/v-python-zadejstvovany-kriptofunkczii-s-matematicheskim-dokazatelstvom-nadyozhnosti"},"modified":"2025-04-19T15:05:06","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T13:05:06","slug":"v-python-zadejstvovany-kriptofunkczii-s-matematicheskim-dokazatelstvom-nadyozhnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/v-python-zadejstvovany-kriptofunkczii-s-matematicheskim-dokazatelstvom-nadyozhnosti","title":{"rendered":"V Pythonu jsou aktivov\u00e1ny kryptofunkce s matematick\u00fdm d\u016fkazem spolehlivosti.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Bylo ozn\u00e1meno \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 dokon\u010den\u00ed iniciativy na nahrazen\u00ed implementac\u00ed kryptografick\u00fdch algoritm\u016f v Pythonu, kter\u00e9 jsou nab\u00edzeny v modulech hashlib a hmac, variantami s matematick\u00fdm d\u016fkazem spolehlivosti, p\u0159ipraven\u00fdmi projektem \u201eHACL*\u201c. Pr\u00e1ce na p\u0159echodu na funkce s matematick\u00fdm d\u016fkazem spolehlivosti byla zah\u00e1jena v roce 2022 a byla iniciov\u00e1na po zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed bufferu v implementaci algoritmu SHA3, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho v Python modulu hashlib. <\/p>\n

Do hlavn\u00edho repozit\u00e1\u0159e projektu CPython byl p\u0159ijat k\u00f3d s nov\u00fdmi implementacemi kryptografick\u00fdch hash funkc\u00ed a algoritm\u016f HMAC (mechanismus ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v). V\u0161echny implicitn\u011b poskytovan\u00e9 hash funkce a HMAC v Pythonu byly nahrazeny ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi variantami. Mezi jin\u00fdmi byla p\u0159id\u00e1na implementace HMAC-BLAKE2, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 SIMD instrukce AVX2 pro zrychlen\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fd k\u00f3d bude sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed podzimn\u00ed verze Pythonu 3.14. <\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 implementace kryptografick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed byly p\u0159eneseny z knihovny HACL*, vyv\u00edjen\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky z francouzsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho institutu pro v\u00fdzkum v informatice a automatizaci (INRIA), divize Microsoft Research a Carnegie Mellon University. Knihovna HACL* podporuje standardn\u00ed kryptografick\u00e9 funkce, kter\u00e9 jsou dostate\u010dn\u00e9 pro provoz TLS 1.3 a plnou podporu API NaCl (Networking and Cryptography library), jako jsou Curve25519, Ed25519, AES-GCM, Chacha20, Poly1305, SHA-2, SHA-3, HMAC a HKDF. Z hlediska v\u00fdkonu je knihovna HACL* bl\u00edzk\u00e1 OpenSSL, ale na rozd\u00edl od n\u00ed poskytuje dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1ruky spolehlivosti a bezpe\u010dnosti. <\/p>\n

K\u00f3d HACL* je naps\u00e1n v podmno\u017ein\u011b funkcion\u00e1ln\u00edho jazyka F*, kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed syst\u00e9m z\u00e1visl\u00fdch typ\u016f a up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed stanovit p\u0159esn\u00e9 specifikace (matematick\u00fd model) a zaru\u010dit absenci chyb v implementaci pomoc\u00ed SMT formul\u00ed a pomocn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro dokazov\u00e1n\u00ed. Referen\u010dn\u00ed k\u00f3d v F* je p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1n do k\u00f3du v jazyce C pomoc\u00ed kompil\u00e1toru KaRaMeL a je dostupn\u00fd pro integraci s dal\u0161\u00edmi projekty. <\/p>\n

Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed verifikace zahrnuje ur\u010den\u00ed podrobn\u00fdch specifikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 popisuj\u00ed v\u0161echny varianty chov\u00e1n\u00ed programu, a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed matematick\u00e9ho d\u016fkazu, \u017ee napsan\u00fd k\u00f3d zcela odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159ipraven\u00fdm specifikac\u00edm. Verifikace zaru\u010duje, \u017ee program bude vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n pouze tak, jak zam\u00fd\u0161leli v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, a \u017ee v n\u011bm nejsou ur\u010dit\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy chyb, jako je p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed bufferu, dereferencov\u00e1n\u00ed ukazatel\u016f, p\u0159\u00edstup k ji\u017e uvoln\u011bn\u00fdm oblastem pam\u011bti nebo dvojit\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed blok\u016f pam\u011bti. B\u011bhem kompilace se prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 kontrola typ\u016f a hodnot \u2013 jeden komponent nikdy nep\u0159ed\u00e1 jin\u00e9mu komponentu parametry, kter\u00e9 neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed specifikaci, a nez\u00edsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k vnit\u0159n\u00edm stav\u016fm jin\u00fdch komponent. <\/p>\n

Proces p\u0159echodu na verifikovan\u00fd k\u00f3d trval dva a p\u016fl roku a vy\u017eadoval \u00fapravy knihovny HACL*, jej\u00ed\u017e funkcionalita byla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena o mo\u017enosti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro pr\u016fhlednou n\u00e1hradu st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed funkcionality hashlib. Nap\u0159\u00edklad do HACL* byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro re\u017eim HMAC, poskytnuty dal\u0161\u00ed pracovn\u00ed re\u017eimy algoritm\u016f Blake2, implementov\u00e1no nov\u00e9 API pro SHA3 zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echny varianty algoritm\u016f rodiny Keccak, zaji\u0161t\u011bny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky pro ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o chyb\u00e1ch (nap\u0159. p\u0159i probl\u00e9mech s alokac\u00ed pam\u011bti), a vyvinuty skripty pro automatizaci p\u0159enosu nov\u00fdch verz\u00ed HACL* do repozit\u00e1\u0159e Python.
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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